Contents

About This Course

How to Take This Course

Pre-test

1 Writing for Your Reader

Establishing Criteria

Exercise 1–1: What Is Good Writing?

Knowing Why You Write

Knowing Your Audience

Position in the Organization

Exercise 1–2: Paths of Communication Based on Social and Political Relationships

Knowledge of the Topic

Exercise 1–3: Paths of Communication Based on Level of Knowledge

Personal Characteristics

Exercise 1–4: Consider the Reader

Multiple Readers

Applying Basic Psychology

Point Out Benefits to the Reader

Consider the Reader’s Point of View

Use an Appropriate Tone

Exercise 1–5: Writing with an Appropriate Tone

Recap

Review Questions

2 Getting Organized

Creating an Outline

Formal and Informal Outlines

The Outline as a Test of Logic

Developing Your Topic

Good Evidence

Validity and Logic

Exercise 2–1: Finding the Flaw in the Argument

Details, Details

Organizing Your Material

Direct Organization

Exercise 2–2: Get to the Point

Indirect Organization

Putting Your Supporting Ideas in Sequence

Exercise 2–3: From Brainstorm to Order

Chronology

Categorization

Problem/Solution

Comparison

Process Analysis

Getting Going

Recap

Answers to Exercises

Review Questions

3 Types of Business Writing

The Business Letter

Format

Body of the Letter

Exercise 3–1: Writing Letters

The Memorandum

Protocol and Format

Content

Exercise 3–2: Writing a Memo

The Proposal

Body of the Proposal

The Report

Minutes of a Meeting

Writing Together

Recap

Answers to Exercises

Review Questions

4 Effective Writing

Choosing Appropriate Sentence Patterns

Simple Sentences

Compound Sentences

Complex Sentences

Using Sentences Effectively

Topic Sentences

Paragraphs

Transitions

Exercise 4–1: Organizing Sentences

Emphasizing and Deemphasizing Ideas

Exercise 4–2: Beware the Dreaded Comma Splice

Exercise 4–3: Structuring for Emphasis

Controlling Sentence Length

Exercise 4–4: Sentence Length

Creating Rhythm with Sentence Variety

Building Sound Sentences

Parallel Structure

Exercise 4-5: Parallel Structure

Misplaced Modifiers

Dangling Modifiers

Exercise 4-6: Avoiding Dangling Modifiers

Recap

Answers to Exercises

Review Questions

5 The Right Word: Appropriate Language

Dictionaries: Tools of the Trade

Dictionary Entries

Synonyms

Read Thoroughly

Exercise 5–1: Consulting a Dictionary

Slippery Words

Denotation and Connotation

Sexist and Other Offensive Language

Jargon and Technical Terms

Formality

Exercise 5–2: Airing Out Stuffiness

Grammar

Agreement of Subject and Verb

Exercise 5–3: Subject-Verb Agreement

Agreement of Pronoun and Antecedent

Agreement of Pronouns in Other Sentences

Resources

Recap

Answers to Exercises

Review Questions

6 Language That Works

Finding the Right Tone

Choosing the Right Verbal Image

Loaded Words

Positive and Negative Associations

Warm and Cold Words

Exercise 6–1: Warm and Cold Words

Being Precise

Writing Logically

Using Words Correctly

Finding the Right Word

Exercise 6–2: Precise Writing

Being Concise

Eliminate Fillers

Eliminate Repetition

Condense Phrases and Clauses

Exercise 6–3: Tight Writing

Recap

Answers to Exercises

Review Questions

7 Direct and Forceful Writing

Using Active Verbs

Making Passive Sentences Active

Exercise 7–1: The Active Voice

Using the Passive Voice Appropriately

Using Concrete and Specific Language

Powerful Verbs

Exercise 7–2: Active Verbs

Vivid Nouns

Exercise 7–3: Concrete and Abstract Nouns

Who Does What to Whom?

Verbized Nouns and Nounification of Verbs

It’s Absolutely, Totally Unnecessary to Overmodify Very Much

Exercise 7–4: Edit, Rewrite, Improve

Avoiding Tired Language

Recap

Answers to Exercises

Review Questions

8 Write and Rewrite: Punctuating and Revising

Punctuation

End Marks

The Comma

The Semicolon

The Colon

The Dash

The Apostrophe

Exercise 8–1: Punctuation Practice

Incorporating Quotations into Your Writing

Exercise 8–2: Quotable Quotes

Rewriting, Polishing, and Streamlining

Proofreading

Exercise 8–3: Find the Errors

Checking Yourself

Recap

Answers to Exercises

Review Questions

9 Research: Fact-Finding Missions

Interviewing for Information

The Right Questions

Open-Ended Questions

Indirect Questions

Feedback Questions

Exercise 9–1: Kinds of Questions

Researching

Using the Internet

Resources Online

The Library

Reference Librarians

Detective at Work

Exercise 9–2: Where in the World Is . . .

Using Sources

Recap

Answers to Exercises

Review Questions

10 Plugging In: Computers and Business Communication

Writing by Computer

Wordiness: Delete

Presentation: The Eyes Have It

Guidelines for Electronic Writing

Electronic Communication

E-Mail

Discussion Forums

Writing that Functions as Speech

Exercise 10–1: Writing E-mail

New Issues in Communication

Privacy

Offending Material

Copyright Protection

A Word to the Wise

Exercise 10–2: Assessing the Risks

Recap

Answers to Exercises

Review Questions

Bibliography

Post-test

Index

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