Index

A

Accelerometer sensor, 185, 186
Accelerometers, 182–185, 187–189
Active camera networks, 32–35, 50
Adience, 155, 157, 158, 163–166

B

Based matching algorithm, 122, 124, 133, 135
Best results, 138, 193, 203, 205, 207, 210, 212
Biometric applications, 57–59, 61, 62, 194, 198, 225
Biometric authentication, 120
Biometric characteristics, 218, 226
Biometric data, 2–4, 9, 18, 70
Biometric identification, 210
Biometric modalities, 41, 120, 143
Biometric recognition, 12, 14, 17, 18, 25, 26, 42, 113, 151
Biometric recognition at-a-distance, 9, 14
Biometric recognition systems, 25, 66
Biometric surveillance, 217–222, 226, 227
Biometric surveillance systems, 218–222, 224
Biometric systems, 218, 222
Biometric technologies, 220, 225, 226
Biometric traits, 1, 2, 14, 15, 17, 18, 145, 146, 153, 177, 178
Biometrics, ear, 56, 57, 66

C

Camera, 
local, 32, 33
master, 6, 14, 15, 21, 22, 35, 44–46, 48
multiple, 15, 24, 34, 35
slave, 35, 44–48
Camera control, 43
Camera networks, 32–34, 48
distributed, 35, 38
outdoor, 31, 32, 34, 36, 38, 49
Camera streams, 7, 15, 20
Classification accuracy, 157, 202, 208, 211
Coordinates, 6, 22, 45–47, 60, 62, 135, 205
Corresponding truth tables, 95, 96

D

Distance, interpupillary, 2, 3
Distance metrics, 138
Distribution, 40, 41, 87, 91, 101, 203, 204, 206
DTAM (dynamic tracking and mapping), 67, 68

E

Ear recognition, 24, 56, 57, 65–67
EER (equal error rate), 111, 112, 133, 134, 136, 140, 192, 202, 203
Enhanced fingerphoto images, 134, 137, 138, 140–142
Enhancement, 127–129, 134, 136, 139, 140, 142
Ethnicity, 146–148, 155, 157, 158, 167, 168
Eye images, left, 97, 100
Eye movements, 198, 201, 206, 208, 211, 212
Eye tracking, 198, 199, 201, 213

F

Face recognition vendor tests (FRVT), 153
Face-to-person associations, 33, 36, 38, 43
FERET (face recognition technology), 154, 155, 159, 162, 166
Filters, 88–91, 94, 95, 111
Fingerphoto, 121, 124, 126, 127, 130–132, 138, 142, 143
matching, 122, 124, 127, 137, 139
Fingerprint images, 132, 133, 140, 142
Fixations, 198–201, 203–206, 208, 213

G

Gait recognition, 10, 12, 178, 179, 182, 183, 189, 194
biometric, 186
Gait recognition systems, 10, 11, 189
Gallery, 19, 40, 42, 45–47, 126, 132, 133, 140, 192, 193
GC (gender classification), 152–154, 156–158, 163–166, 205
GROUPS, 155–167

H

Hamming distance, 80, 85, 87, 89, 90, 95
Hidden Markov model (HMM), 37, 191, 208
High-resolution cameras, 3, 4
High-resolution images, 9, 32, 33, 154

I

Image acquisition, 23, 81
Image planes, 7, 8
Image preprocessing, 105, 106
Image quality, 2, 48, 63
Images, 
enhanced, 130, 139, 142
original, 78, 79, 85, 129
probe, 126, 132, 133
Iris biometrics, 113, 114
Iris images, 20, 23, 79, 90, 91, 104–107, 109, 111–113
low quality, 104, 106
normalized, 88, 107
Iris radius, 79, 85, 87, 104, 113
Iris recognition, 24, 77, 82, 83, 103, 104, 109, 111, 115, 219
Iris recognition systems, 23, 77, 79, 81, 218
Iris texture, 80, 81, 103, 104, 113
IrisCode sets, 88–90, 95
IrisCodes, 78, 79, 82–85, 88, 89, 91, 94, 95, 100

L

LBP (local binary pattern), 38, 56, 66, 115, 127, 129, 139–141, 164
LFW (labeled faces in the wild), 2, 151, 152, 155–166, 168
Live-scan images, 125, 126
Live-scan (LS), 124–126, 132, 133

M

Master, 6, 14, 17, 46
Master–slave approach, 11
Master–slave architecture, 4, 5, 11, 14, 17, 21
Master–slave configuration, 11, 18
Master–slave system, 6, 8, 14, 17
Matching, 19, 20, 81, 84, 89, 91, 94, 95, 109, 122, 124, 133, 134, 136, 139, 140, 142, 186, 187, 191–193
based, 130–132, 134, 135, 137, 138
Matching fingerphoto images, 126, 133, 138, 142
Matching iris images, 81, 88
Matching pipeline, 133, 139, 140, 142
Mobile devices, 63, 70, 71, 103–106, 109, 111, 113, 115, 120, 185, 186, 190, 191
Multi-camera systems, 7, 15, 19, 25

N

Neighboring pixels, 129, 130
NFOV camera, 17, 18
NI (natural indoor), 125, 126, 133
Normalized image, 78–81, 85, 88, 89, 95

O

OMs (ordinal measures), 107, 109, 111–113, 115
Outdoor camera network, 44
Outdoor camera systems, 34, 44, 46

P

Participants, 84, 201–205, 207, 208, 210–213
People, 36, 62, 63, 145–147, 149, 150, 168, 224
Periocular recognition, 24, 113, 114
Periocular recognition at-a-distance, 23, 24
Person re-identification, 8, 32, 34
Pixels, 3, 4, 78, 88, 91, 128, 130
PTZ cameras, 2–6, 8, 12, 14, 18–21, 24, 32, 35, 38, 44, 45, 47, 48
single, 5, 33, 43
PTZ-based systems, 2, 3, 8, 11, 12, 24, 25
Pupil dilation, 79, 82–84, 87, 88
Pupil dilation ratios, 79, 83, 85, 87, 91, 97, 100
Pupil size, 80, 81, 83, 85, 87, 97, 197, 199, 210, 211, 213

R

Range images, 56, 57
RDF (random decision forest), 132–137, 139, 140
Real time, 67, 149
Recognition, 
correct, 178, 179, 209
facial, 155, 224
fingerprint, 148
robust, 33, 34, 36
Recognition accuracy, 21, 41, 61, 106, 108, 115, 116, 178
Recognition algorithms, 32–34, 41, 180, 191
Recognition performance, 2, 9, 10, 34, 56, 193
Recognition rate, 61, 66, 106, 107, 112, 192, 209
Recognition systems, 10, 17, 43, 65, 151, 223, 224, 227
Reconstruction, 60–62, 66–68, 71
ROC curves, 112, 113, 134, 137, 138, 140–142
ROC (receiver operating characteristic), 97–100, 107, 133, 138, 140

S

Sample image, 86, 121, 124–126, 155, 157
Samples, 23, 59, 81, 83, 124, 126, 156–158, 160, 161, 163, 164, 167, 188, 189, 206
ScatNet, 131, 135, 139, 142
ScatNet features, 134, 135, 137, 140, 141
Sensor nodes, 35, 49
Sessions, 47, 143, 189, 202, 203, 205, 207, 208, 211
Signals, 179, 183, 188–193, 206, 211
Slave, 6, 14, 17
Smartphone cameras, 120
Smartphones, 62, 63, 66–69, 103, 120, 124, 131, 143, 182, 183, 185–187, 189, 190, 226
Soft biometric descriptors, 146, 148
Soft biometrics, 2, 146, 148, 150, 168, 178, 198, 213
Static camera networks, 32, 34, 35, 50
Static cameras, 19, 20, 32, 34, 35, 42
Stimuli, 198, 199, 201–203, 205–210
Super-resolution approaches, 9, 10
Super-resolution forests (SRF), 107
Super-resolution (SR), 2, 9, 10, 106–108, 115, 116
Surveillance scenarios, 3, 9, 10, 12, 14, 15, 17, 21, 152, 154
SVM (support vector machines), 159, 161–163, 165, 191, 205, 209, 212
Systems, biometric, 120, 150, 151, 213, 221

T

Tablets, 57, 62, 63, 68, 69, 103, 182, 185
Testers, 199, 200, 203, 204, 206, 208, 211, 212

U

Unconstrained scenarios, 2–4, 23–25, 37

W

WI (white indoor), 125, 126, 132, 133
Wide-view cameras, 3–6, 8, 14, 15, 18, 20, 24
Wild, 145, 152, 155, 158, 159, 164, 166, 168
Wild datasets, 155, 164–168
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