Index
data MDT traffic flow, 148–149
multicast reachability failure, 34–35
checking, 96
completing, 50
data MDT traffic flow, 148–149
A
access control
firewalls, 83
access points (APs), 244
ACI (Application Centric Infrastructure), 258–260
fabrics and overlay elements, 229–230
Layer 2 IGMP snooping in, 231–235
ACKs (acknowledgements), eliminating, 87
activate command, 27
address-family information (AFI)
BGP (Border Gateway Protocol), 28
MBGP (Multiprotocol Border Gateway Protocol), 27–28
advertisements
PIM auto-RP advertisements, 235
SAs (source actives), 40, 47–50
AFI. See address-family information (AFI)
Application Centric Infrastructure. See ACI (Application Centric Infrastructure)
APs (access points), 244
ASM (Any-Source Multicast), 6
ASNs (autonomous system numbers), 3
ASs (autonomous systems), 3–6. See also interdomain design
ASNs (autonomous system numbers), 3
intra-AS multidomain design, 62–71
B
badging systems, 253
BGP (Border Gateway Protocol), 2, 5
importance of, 7
MBGP (Multiprotocol Border Gateway Protocol)
advantages of, 24
configuring for multicast, 25–32
MDT (Multicast Distribution Tree) configuration, 145–148
prefix table
clearing, 37
multicast prefix acceptance, 36
bidir-neighbor-filter command, 272
Bidir-PM (Bidirectional PIM), 244
BIER (Bit Index Explicit Replication), 202–205
bindings, displaying
data MDT MLDP, 180
default MDT MLDP, 170–171, 175
Bit Index Explicit Replication (BIER), 202–205
Border Gateway Protocol. See BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)
borders/boundaries. See also multicast domains
AS (autonomous system) borders, 22–24
BGP (Border Gateway Protocol), 2, 5
importance of, 7
MDT (Multicast Distribution Tree) configuration, 145–148
configured multicast boundaries, 32–37
MBGP (Multiprotocol Border Gateway Protocol)
advantages of, 24
configuring for multicast, 25–32
scoped multicast domains
boundary command, 84
brokerage multicast design, 273–274
BYOD (bring-your-own-device) services, 240
C
CAC (Call Admission Control), 280
cache
MDT (Multicast Distribution Tree), 157
MSDP (Multicast Source Discovery Protocol), 298–299
Call Admission Control (CAC), 280
campus design, multicast-enabled clinical networks, 238–240
CAPWAP (Control and Provisioning of Wireless Access Points), 248–251
CE (customer edge) devices
CE-CE multicast routing, 187
CE-PE multicast routing, 186–187
definition of, 137
CFS (Cisco Fabric Services), 210
Cisco ACI (Application Centric Infrastructure). See ACI (Application Centric Infrastructure)
Cisco Design Zone, 255
Cisco DNA (Digital Network Architecture), 260–261
Cisco Fabric Services (CFS), 210
Cisco ISE (Identity Services Engine), 262
Cisco LISP. See LISP (Locator/ID Separation Protocol)
Cisco TrustSec infrastructure, 262
Cisco UA (Unified Access), 249–250
Cisco Validated Design (CVD), 255
Cisco Viptela, 261
Cisco VMDC (Virtualized Multi-Tenant Data Center), 255–256
Cisco VSS (Virtual Switching System), 241
clear ip bgp * command, 37
clear ip msdp peer command, 55
clear ip msdp sa-cache command, 55
clearing
BGP table, 37
MSDP peering sessions, 55
clinical network design
medical device communications, 240–246
three-tier network hierarchy, 238–239
cloud environments, 101
cloud broker-based connectivity, 101–103
cloud connectivity to enterprise, 101–103
CSPs (cloud service providers), 100
enterprise adoption of, 99–100
IaaS (infrastructure as a service), 100
multicast traffic engineering, 117–118
DMVPN (Dynamic Multipoint VPN), 118–126
intra-regional multicast flow between two spokes, 130–132
multicast flow from hub, 129–130
unicast spoke-to-central hub communication, 128–129
unicast spoke-to-spoke interregional communication, 128
unicast spoke-to-spoke intra-regional communication, 126–127
native multicast, lack of, 99
PaaS (platform as a service), 100
service reflection, 105
multicast-to-multicast destination conversion, 105–109
multicast-to-unicast destination conversion, 113–117
unicast-to-multicast destination conversion, 109–113
cloud service providers (CSPs), 100
COLO (colocation) facilities, 133–134
commands, 312
activate, 27
bidir-neighbor-filter, 272
boundary, 84
clear ip bgp *, 37
clear ip msdp peer, 55
clear ip msdp sa-cache, 55
connect-source, 39
debug ip msdp detail, 296–297, 298–299
debug ip msdp details, 48
debug ip pim, 34
debug ip pim rp, 48
feature msdp, 51
ip mroute, 24
ip msdp keepalive, 52
ip msdp mesh-group, 54
ip msdp originator-id, 54
ip msdp reconnect-interval, 53
ip msdp sa-filter in, 55
ip msdp sa-filter out, 55
ip msdp sa-limit, 56
ip msdp sa-policy, 55
ip msdp shutdown, 55
ip msdp timer, 53
ip multicast boundary, 84
ip pim autorp listener, 148
ip pim jp-policy, 84
ip pim ssm default, 145
ip pim vrf RED autorp listener, 148
ipv6 mld join-group, 95
ipv6 pim rp-address, 95
mdt data 254 threshold 2, 177
mdt data group-address-range wildcard-bits, 142
mdt data mpls mldp, 177
mdt preference mldp, 185
msdp filter-out, 59
ping
ping 10.0.100.100 source lo 100, 126, 128–129
ping 239.1.2.200, 79–82, 286–287, 300
ping 239.20.2.100, 71, 307, 312
ping FF73:105:2001:192::1, 95
remote-as, 39
router bgp, 27
router msdp originator-id, 54
sa-limit, 56
set core-tree ingress-replication-default, 188
show bgp ipv4 mdt vrf RED, 147–148
show interfaces tunnel 1, 153–154, 320–321
show ip bgp, 31
show ip bgp ipv4 mdt vrf RED, 146–147
show ip bgp ipv4 multicast, 31, 36–37, 312–313
show ip igmp groups, 209, 288–289
show ip mfib vrf RED 224.1.1.20, 159
show ip mroute, 9, 61, 318, 323–324
failed PIM path between source and client, 307–309
group flow for 239.1.1.1, 60–61
interdomain segregation, verifying, 70–71
multicast flow over VPC, 209–211
routing table for VRF “default”, 216
service reflection examples, 106–116
show ip mroute 239.1.1.1, 129–130
show ip mroute 239.1.2.200, 79–82, 288–290, 294, 299–300
show ip mroute 239.120.1.1, 33, 34–35
show ip mroute 239.192.1.1, 130–132
show ip mroute 239.20.2.100, 310–312
show ip mroute 239.2.2.2, 59, 60
show ip mroute vrf BLU 224.1.1.1, 197–198
show ip mroute vrf BLU 224.2.2.22, 171–172
show ip mroute vrf RED 224.1.1.1, 197–198
show ip mroute vrf RED 224.1.1.20, 152–153
show ip mroute vrf SVCS 224.1.1.1, 196–197, 199
show ip msdp sa-cache, 49, 60, 61, 71, 295–296, 298–299
show ip msdp sa-cache rejected-sa, 297–298
show ip pim, 70
show ip pim rp mapping, 59
show ip pim rp mappings, 288–289
show ip pim vrf RED mdt, 156–157
show ip pim vrf RED mdt send, 157
show ip pim vrf RED neighbor, 150, 321
show ip rpf, 284, 309, 311–312
show ipv6 mroute, 96
show mfib vrf RED interface, 144
show mfib vrf RED route 224.1.1.20, 159–160
show mpls forwarding-table, 181, 316–317
show mpls forwarding-table labels 31, 174
show mpls forwarding-table labels 36, 179
show mpls ldp neighbor, 317–318
show mpls mldp bindings, 170–171, 175, 180
show mpls mldp database, 173, 174–175, 177–178
show mpls mldp database brief, 181
show mpls mldp database p2mp root 192.168.0.4, 179–180
show mpls mldp database summary, 180, 181
show mpls mldp neighbors, 167–169
show mrib vrf BLU route 224.2.2.22, 172, 189
show mrib vrf RED mdt-interface detail, 157
show mvpn vrf BLU ipv4 database ingress-replication, 189–191
show nve vni ingress-replication, 224
show pim vrf RED mdt cache, 157, 158
show pim vrf RED mdt interface, 154–155
show pim vrf RED neighbor, 150–151
show run interface vif1, 106, 110
show running-config | begin ip msdp, 298
show running-config interface e0/1 command, 293–294
static-rpf, 24
configuration. See also network design models; troubleshooting
BIER (Bit Index Explicit Replication), 202–205
CE-CE multicast routing, 187
CE-PE multicast routing, 186–187
configured multicast boundaries, 32–37
data MDT (Multicast Distribution Tree)
MTI (multicast tunnel interface), 143–144, 152–155
multicast signaling in the core, 144–148
default MDT (Multicast Distribution Tree)
sample network scenario, 148
EVPN VXLAN
ingress replication, 224
inter-AS and Internet design, 72–82
completed multicast tree, 79–82
ISP multicast configurations, 72–79
interdomain multicast without active source learning, 88
SSM (Source-Specific Multicast), 88–90
intra-AS multidomain design, 62–71
IPv6 MVPN, 202
LISP (Locator/ID Separation Protocol), 265–267
MBGP (Multiprotocol Border Gateway Protocol), 25–32
BGP address-family configuration, 28
MBGP address-family configuration, 27–28
show ip bgp command, 31
show ip bgp ipv4 multicast command, 31
show ip bgp neighbors command, 28–31
standard BGP configuration, 25
MLDP (Multicast LDP)
FEC (Forwarding Equivalence Class) elements, 161–162
in-band signaling operation, 162–163
out-of-band signaling operation, 163
MSDP (Multicast Source Discovery Protocol), 50–56
mesh groups, 54
originator IDs, 54
shutdown commands, 55
multicast extranet VPNs, 192
VASI (VRF-aware service infrastructure), 200–202
PE-PE ingress replication, 187–191
profiles
available options, 182
operating system support matrix, 183–185
provider multicast transport, 186
scoped multicast domains
security
firewalls, 83
service reflection, 105
multicast-to-multicast destination conversion, 105–109
multicast-to-unicast destination conversion, 113–117
unicast-to-multicast destination conversion, 109–113
static interdomain forwarding, 19–22
traffic engineering
DMVPN (Dynamic Multipoint VPN), 118–126
intra-regional multicast flow between two spokes, 130–132
multicast flow from hub, 129–130
router configurations, 303–306
unicast spoke-to-central hub communication, 128–129
unicast spoke-to-spoke interregional communication, 128
unicast spoke-to-spoke intra-regional communication, 126–127
connect-source command, 39
Control and Provisioning of Wireless Access Points (CAPWAP), 248–249
cross-domain packet forwarding, verifying, 71
CSPs (cloud service providers), 100
CSR 1000v devices, 104
customer edge devices. See CE (customer edge) devices
customers
CE (customer edge) devices
CE-CE multicast routing, 187
CE-PE multicast routing, 186–187
definition of, 137
definition of, 137
CVD (Cisco Validated Design), 255
D
data center environments, 207
ACI (Application Centric Infrastructure), 227–228
fabrics and overlay elements, 229–230
Layer 2 IGMP snooping in, 231–232
VPC (virtual port channel)
orphan ports, 208
VPC peer links, 208
VXLAN (virtual extensible local-area network), 211
EVPNs (Ethernet virtual private networks), 216–224
host-to-host multicast communication in, 224–226
VTEPs (VXLAN Tunnel Endpoints), 211–213
data MDT (Multicast Distribution Tree). See also default MDT (Multicast Distribution Tree)
data MDT MLDP (Multicast LDP), 176–181
MTI (multicast tunnel interface), 143–144, 152–155
multicast signaling in the core, 144–148
data threshold configuration (MDT), 149–150
databases, displaying
data MDT MLDP, 177–178, 180–181
default MDT MLDP
IOS-XE, 173
De Ghein, Luc, 183
debug commands
debug ip msdp detail, 296–297, 298–299
debug ip msdp details, 48
debug ip pim, 34
debug ip pim rp, 48
debugging. See troubleshooting
default MDT MLDP (Multicast LDP)
bindings, displaying, 170–173, 175
forwarding tables, 174
neighbors, displaying, 167–169
packet capture, 176
root of default MDT trees, verifying, 169–170
explanation of, 164
root high availability, 164–165
default MDT (Multicast Distribution Tree). See also data MDT (Multicast Distribution Tree)
default MDT MLDP (Multicast LDP)
explanation of, 164
root high availability, 164–165
sample network scenario, 148
brokerage multicast design, 273–274
FSP (financial service provider) multicast design, 273
market data environments, 271–272
multicast-enabled clinical networks
medical device communications, 240–246
three-tier network hierarchy, 238–239
multitenant data centers
ACI (Application Centric Infrastructure), 258–260
service provider multicast, 274–275
software-defined networking
Cisco DNA (Digital Network Architecture), 260–261
DMVPN (Dynamic Multipoint VPN), 261
IWAN (Intelligent WAN), 261
LISP (Locator/ID Separation Protocol), 262–267
Viptela, 261
utility networks
design blocks, 267
Distribution Level tiers, 268
PMUs (phasor measurement units), 268–269
Radio over IP design, 269
SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition), 267
Substation tier, 268
Design Zone (Cisco), 255
designated forwarder (DF) election, 272
destination conversion, 105
multicast-to-multicast destination conversion, 105–109
packet capture before conversion, 107
show ip mroute output at R2, 107–108
show ip mroute output at R4, 106–107, 109
VIF configuration at R2, 106
multicast-to-unicast destination conversion, 113–117
show ip mroute output at R2, 115–116
sniffer capture after conversion, 114–115
sniffer output after conversion, 116–117
VIF configuration at R2, 114
unicast-to-multicast destination conversion, 109–113
show ip mroute output at R2, 112
show ip mroute output at R4, 110–111, 113
sniffer capture before conversion, 111–112
VIF configuration at R2, 110
DF (designated forwarder) election, 272
DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol), 243
Digital Network Architecture (DNA), 260–261
direct cloud connectivity, 101
Distribution Level tiers, 268
DMVPN (Dynamic Multipoint VPN), 118–126, 261
configuration snapshot from hub R2, 123
configuration snapshot of regional hub R3, 123–125
configuration snapshot of regional spoke R6, 125–126
DNA (Digital Network Architecture), 260–261
domain boundaries. See borders/boundaries
domains. See multicast domains
draft Rosen model. See default MDT (Multicast Distribution Tree)
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP), 243
Dynamic Multipoint VPN. See DMVPN (Dynamic Multipoint VPN)
E
ECMP (equal-cost multipath), 117
edge LSRs. See PE (provider edge) devices
EGPs (External Gateway Protocols), 5. See also BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)
egress tunnel routers (ETRs), 263–265
EIDs (endpoint identifiers), 263
embedded RPs (rendezvous points), 90–96
endpoints
EIDs (endpoint identifiers), 263
EPGs (endpoint groups), 258–259
VTEPs (VXLAN Tunnel Endpoints), 211–213
EPGs (endpoint groups), 258–259
equal-cost multipath (ECMP), 117
Ethernet virtual private networks. See EVPNs (Ethernet virtual private networks)
Ethernet VPN (PBB-EVPN), 277
ETRs (egress tunnel routers), 263–265
EVPNs (Ethernet virtual private networks), 216–218
Ethernet VPN (PBB-EVPN), 277
ingress replication, 224
External Gateway Protocols (EGPs), 5. See also BGP (Border Gateway Protocol)
extranet VPNs, 192
VASI (VRF-aware service infrastructure), 200–202
failed PIM path between source and client, troubleshooting, 307–309
FANs (field area networks), 268
feature msdp command, 51
FEC (Forwarding Equivalence Class) elements, 161–162
FHRs (first-hop routers), 253
FIB (forwarding information base), 309–310
field area networks (FANs), 268
filtering
financial applications, 269–271
brokerage multicast design, 273–274
FSP (financial service provider) multicast design, 273
market data environments, 271–272
firewalls
routed mode, 83
transparent mode, 83
VFW (virtual firewall), 255
first-hop routers (FHRs), 253
flood and learn mode (VXLAN), 213–216
flooding, peer-RPF, 49
Forwarding Equivalence Class (FEC) elements, 161–162
forwarding tables
default MDT MLDP, 174
forwarding tag (FTAG) trees, 228
forwarding trees
completed multicast tree, 79–82
FTAG (forwarding tag) trees, 228
OIL (outgoing interface list), 9
sample completed tree, 9
FSP (financial service provider) multicast design, 273
FTAG (forwarding tag) trees, 228
G
GIPo (Group IP outer), 259
GRE (generic routing encapsulation), 47
groups
IGMP (Internet Group Messaging Protocol), 8, 231–232, 244
Layer 3 communication, 8
Halabi, Sam, 28
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), 240
hellos (PIM), 234
HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act), 240
hospital network design
medical device communications, 240–246
three-tier network hierarchy, 238–239
host mobility, LISP (Locator/ID Separation Protocol) support for, 263
host-to-host multicast communication
Layer 2 communication, 224–226
Layer 3 communication, 226
IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority), 3
Identity Services Engine (ISE), 262
IDs
EIDs (endpoint identifiers), 263
MSDP originator IDs, 54
IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force), 4
IGMP (Internet Group Messaging Protocol), 8, 231–232, 244
IGPs (Interior Gateway Protocols), 5
in-band signaling operation, 162–163
infrastructure as a service (IaaS), 100, 254–255
ingress replication
EVPN VXLAN, 224
PE-PE ingress replication, 188–189
ingress tunnel routers (ITRs), 263–265
Intelligent WAN (IWAN), 261
interdomain design
BGP (Border Gateway Protocol), 2, 5
importance of, 7
MBGP (Multiprotocol Border Gateway Protocol), 24–32
configured multicast boundaries, 32–37
inter-AS and Internet design, 72–82
completed multicast tree, 79–82
ISP multicast configurations, 72–79
interdomain segregation, verifying, 70–71
MSDP (Multicast Source Discovery Protocol)
advantages of, 38
debug ip msdp peer command, 43–45
RPF (reverse path forwarding) checks, 46–47
SAs (source actives), 40, 47–50
state machine events and actions, 41–42
scoped multicast domains
static interdomain forwarding, 19–22
troubleshooting
design interface map, 287
high-level ASM network design, 286–287
methodology overview for, 285–286
multicast reachability from source to client, 286–287
without active source learning, 88
SSM (Source-Specific Multicast), 88–90
interdomain segregation, verifying, 70–71
Interior Gateway Protocols (IGPs), 5
Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System (IS-IS), 5
Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA), 3
Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), 4
Internet Group Messaging Protocol. See IGMP (Internet Group Messaging Protocol)
Internet Routing Architectures (Halabi), 28
Internet service providers (ISPs), 2, 72–79
Internet-based cloud connectivity, 101
intra-AS multidomain design, 62–71
intra-regional multicast flow between two spokes, 130–132
IOS-XE
CSR 1000v device, 104
data MDT MLDP (Multicast LDP)
data threshold configuration, 177
database summary, 180
data MDT (Multicast Distribution Tree)
basic configuration, 143
BGP MDT address family, 145
cache entries, displaying, 157
data MDT in operation, 158
data threshold configuration, 149, 156
MDT BGP adjacency, verifying, 146–147
MTI (multicast tunnel interface), 144, 152–153
packet count, 159
PIM neighbor for VRF RED, 150
default MDT MLDP (Multicast LDP)
basic configuration, 166
bindings, displaying, 170
database, displaying, 173
forwarding table, displaying, 174
neighbors, displaying, 167
root of default MDT trees, verifying, 169
show ip mroute vrf BLU 224.2.2.22 command, 171–172
default MDT (Multicast Distribution Tree) configuration, 140–141
MBGP (Multiprotocol Border Gateway Protocol)
address-family configuration, 26–27
BGP IPv4 multicast prefix acceptance, 36
show ip bgp neighbors command, 28–31
MSDP (Multicast Source Discovery Protocol)
debug ip msdp peer command, 43–44
final configuration for Mcast Enterprises, 64–69
mesh group commands, 54
originator ID commands, 54
peer configuration commands, 38, 50–51
peer description commands, 51
peer password authentication and encryption, 52
peer password timer commands, 52–53
SA filter in/out commands, 55–56
SA limit commands, 56
show ip msdp sa-cache command, 49
shutdown commands, 55
multicast boundary configuration, 84
profiles, migrating between, 185
static entry configuration, 24
VASI (VRF-aware service infrastructure) configuration, 201
VRF (Virtual Route Forwarding) fallback
configuration, 196
extranet RPF rule, 198
verification, 197
VRF (Virtual Route Forwarding) select
configuration, 199
validation, 199
IOS-XR
data MDT MLDP (Multicast LDP)
bindings, displaying, 180
data threshold configuration, 177
database brief, 181
database summary validation, 181
data MDT (Multicast Distribution Tree)
basic configuration, 143
BGP MDT configuration, 146
data threshold configuration, 150, 156
MDT BGP adjacency, verifying, 147–148
MRIB VRF RED, 157
MTI (multicast tunnel interface), 144, 154–155
PIM neighbor for VRF RED, 150–151
SSM configuration, 145
default MDT MLDP (Multicast LDP)
basic configuration, 166
bindings, displaying, 171, 175
neighbors, displaying, 168–169
root of default MDT trees, verifying, 170
show mrib vrf BLU route 224.2.2.22 command, 172
default MDT (Multicast Distribution Tree) configuration, 141
MBGP (Multiprotocol Border Gateway Protocol), 27–28
MSDP (Multicast Source Discovery Protocol)
mesh group commands, 54
originator ID commands, 54
peer configuration commands, 39, 50–51
peer description commands, 51
peer password authentication and encryption, 52
peer password timer commands, 52
peer reset timers, 53
SA filter in/out commands, 55–56
SA limit commands, 56
shutdown commands, 55
multicast boundary configuration, 84
PE-PE ingress replication, 188–191
profiles
applying, 185
migrating between, 185
static entry configuration, 24
ip mroute command, 24
ip msdp keepalive command, 52
ip msdp mesh-group command, 54
ip msdp originator-id command, 54
ip msdp peer command, 38–39, 51–52
ip msdp reconnect-interval command, 53
ip msdp sa-filter in command, 55
ip msdp sa-filter out command, 55
ip msdp sa-limit command, 56
ip msdp sa-policy command, 55
ip msdp shutdown command, 55
ip msdp timer command, 53
ip multicast boundary command, 84
ip pim autorp listener command, 148
ip pim jp-policy command, 84
ip pim sparse-mode command, 36, 294
ip pim ssm default command, 145
ip pim vrf RED autorp listener command, 148
IPTV (IP Television) delivery, 279–282
IPv6 embedded RPs (rendezvous points), 90–96
ipv6 mld join-group command, 95
IPv6 MVPN, 202
ipv6 pim rp-address command, 95
ISE (Identity Services Engine), 262
IS-IS (Intermediate System-to-Intermediate System), 5
ISPs (Internet service providers), 2, 72–79
ITRs (ingress tunnel routers), 263–265
IWAN (Intelligent WAN), 261
J-K-L
Label Distribution Protocol. See MLDP (Multicast LDP)
label-switched routers (LSRs), 137
last-hop routers (LHRs), 50, 245, 253
LDP (Label Distribution Protocol). See MLDP (Multicast LDP)
leaf configuration (EVPN VXLAN), 220–223
LFA (Loop-Free Alternate), 184
LHR (last-hop router), 245, 253
LHRs (last-hop routers), 50
limits on SAs (source actives), 55–56
LISP (Locator/ID Separation Protocol), 262–263
configuration example, 265–267
PETRs (proxy egress tunnel routers), 264–265
PITRs (proxy ingress tunnel routers), 264–265
Loop-Free Alternate (LFA), 184
LSRs (label-switched routers), 137
brokerage multicast design, 273–274
FSP (financial service provider) multicast design, 273
market data environments, 271–272
MBGP (Multiprotocol Border Gateway Protocol)
advantages of, 24
configuring for multicast, 25–32
BGP address-family configuration, 28
MBGP address-family configuration, 27–28
show ip bgp command, 31
show ip bgp ipv4 multicast command, 31
show ip bgp neighbors command, 28–31
standard BGP configuration, 25
Mcast Enterprises example
BGP (Border Gateway Protocol), 2, 5
importance of, 7
MBGP (Multiprotocol Border Gateway Protocol), 24–32
configured multicast boundaries, 32–37
inter-AS and Internet design, 72–82
completed multicast tree, 79–82
ISP multicast configurations, 72–79
interdomain segregation, verifying, 70–71
intra-AS multidomain design, 62–71
MSDP (Multicast Source Discovery Protocol)
advantages of, 38
debug ip msdp peer command, 43–45
RPF (reverse path forwarding) checks, 46–47
SAs (source actives), 40, 47–50
state machine events and actions, 41–42
scoped multicast domains
static interdomain forwarding, 19–22
troubleshooting
design interface map, 287
high-level ASM network design, 286–287
methodology overview for, 285–286
multicast reachability from source to client, 286–287
traffic engineering problems, 301–313
MDT (Multicast Distribution Tree), 139, 275. See also profiles
data MDT
MTI (multicast tunnel interface), 143–144, 152–155
multicast signaling in the core, 144–148
default MDT
sample network scenario, 148
default MDT MLDP
explanation of, 164
root high availability, 164–165
MDT-SAFI, 145
service provider multicast, 275–277
mdt data 254 threshold 2 command, 177
mdt data group-address-range wildcard-bits command, 142
mdt data mpls mldp command, 177
mdt data threshold 2 command, 156
mdt data threshold command, 149
mdt preference mldp command, 185
medical device communications, 240–246
mesh groups (MSDP), 54
MFIB (Multicast Forwarding Information Base), 8–9
mGRE (multipoint generic routing encapsulation), 118
migrating between profiles, 185–186
MLDP (Multicast LDP)
default MDT MLDP
explanation of, 164
root high availability, 164–165
FEC (Forwarding Equivalence Class) elements, 161–162
in-band signaling operation, 162–163
out-of-band signaling operation, 163
MP2MP (Multipoint-to-Multipoint) trees, 140
MPLD (Multicast Label Distribution Protocol), 138
MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) VPNs, 137–138
BIER (Bit Index Explicit Replication), 202–205
CE (customer edge) devices, 137
CE-CE multicast routing, 187
CE-PE multicast routing, 186–187
customers, 137
data MDT (Multicast Distribution Tree)
MTI (multicast tunnel interface), 143–144, 152–155
multicast signaling in the core, 144–148
default MDT (Multicast Distribution Tree)
sample network scenario, 148
IPv6 MVPN, 202
MLDP (Multicast LDP)
FEC (Forwarding Equivalence Class) elements, 161–162
in-band signaling operation, 162–163
out-of-band signaling operation, 163
multicast extranet VPNs, 192
VASI (VRF-aware service infrastructure), 200–202
VRF (Virtual Route Forwarding) fallback, 195–198
VRF (Virtual Route Forwarding) select, 198–199
MVR (multicast VLAN registration), 281–282
PE (provider edge) devices, 137
PE-PE ingress replication, 187–191
profiles
available options, 182
operating system support matrix, 183–185
provider multicast transport, 186
providers, 137
MRIB (Multicast Routing Information Base), 10
MSDP (Multicast Source Discovery Protocol)
advantages of, 38
mesh groups, 54
originator IDs, 54
peers
clearing, 55
configuration of, 38–40, 50–53
mesh groups, 54
peer-RPF flooding, 49
RPF (reverse path forwarding) checks, 46–47
SAs (source actives)
definition of, 40
limits, 56
shutdown commands, 55
state machine events and actions, 41–42
troubleshooting
configuration check, 298
msdp filter-out command, 59
msdp-peer configuration mode, 50
MTI (Multicast Tunnel Interface), 143–144, 152–155
multi-address family support, 262–263
Multicast Distribution Tree. See MDT (Multicast Distribution Tree)
multicast domains. See also borders/boundaries
BGP (Border Gateway Protocol), 2, 5
importance of, 7
MBGP (Multiprotocol Border Gateway Protocol), 24–32
configured multicast boundaries, 32–37
hospital network design, 253
inter-AS and Internet design, 72–82
completed multicast tree, 79–82
ISP multicast configurations, 72–79
interdomain segregation, verifying, 70–71
intra-AS multidomain design, 62–71
MSDP (Multicast Source Discovery Protocol)
advantages of, 38
debug ip msdp peer command, 43–45
RPF (reverse path forwarding) checks, 46–47
SAs (source actives), 40, 47–50
state machine events and actions, 41–42
scoped multicast domains, 258
firewalls, 83
push data model, 82
static interdomain forwarding, 19–22
without active source learning, 88
SSM (Source-Specific Multicast), 88–90
Multicast Forwarding Information Based (MFIB), 8–9
Multicast Label Distribution Protocol (MLDP), 138
Multicast Routing Information Base (MRIB), 10
Multicast Source Discovery Protocol. See MSDP (Multicast Source Discovery Protocol)
Multicast Tunnel Interface (MTI), 143–144, 152–155
multicast VLAN registration (MVR), 281–282
multicast VPNs. See MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) VPNs
multicast-to-multicast destination conversion, 105–109
packet capture before conversion, 107
show ip mroute output at R2, 107–108
show ip mroute output at R4, 106–107, 109
VIF configuration at R2, 106
multicast-to-unicast destination conversion, 113–117
show ip mroute output at R2, 115–116
sniffer capture after conversion, 114–115
sniffer output after conversion, 116–117
VIF configuration at R2, 114
multipoint generic routing encapsulation (mGRE), 118
Multipoint Label Distribution Protocol. See MPLD (Multicast Label Distribution Protocol)
Multipoint-to-Multipoint (MP2MP) trees, 140
Multiprotocol Label Switching. See MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) VPNs
multitenant data centers
ACI (Application Centric Infrastructure), 258–260
software-defined networking
Cisco DNA (Digital Network Architecture), 260–261
DMVPN (Dynamic Multipoint VPN), 261
IWAN (Intelligent WAN), 261
LISP (Locator/ID Separation Protocol), 262–267
Viptela, 261
MVPNs. See MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) VPNs
MVR (multicast VLAN registration), 281–282
N
NAN (neighborhood area network) level, 268
National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 259
NDP (Network Data Platform), 262
neighborhood area network (NAN) level, 268
NERC (North American Electric Reliability Corporation) assets, 268–269
Network Data Platform (NDP), 262
network design models, 237–238
brokerage multicast design, 273–274
FSP (financial service provider) multicast design, 273
market data environments, 271–272
multicast-enabled clinical networks
medical device communications, 240–246
three-tier network hierarchy, 238–239
multitenant data centers
ACI (Application Centric Infrastructure), 258–260
service provider multicast, 274–275
software-defined networking
Cisco DNA (Digital Network Architecture), 260–261
DMVPN (Dynamic Multipoint VPN), 261
IWAN (Intelligent WAN), 261
LISP (Locator/ID Separation Protocol), 262–267
Viptela, 261
design blocks, 267
Distribution Level tiers, 268
PMUs (phasor measurement units), 268–269
Radio over IP design, 269
SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition), 267
Substation tier, 268
Network Virtualization Endpoint (NVE), 323
NFV (network functions virtualization), 103
NHRP (Next Hop Resolution Protocol), 118
NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology), 259
no ip sap listen command, 87–88
North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) assets, 268–269
NVE (Network Virtualization Endpoint), 323
NX-OS
MSDP (Multicast Source Discovery Protocol)
mesh group commands, 54
originator ID commands, 54
peer configuration commands, 39, 50–51
peer description commands, 51
peer password authentication and encryption, 52
peer password timer commands, 52–53
SA filter in/out commands, 55–56
SA limit commands, 56
shutdown commands, 55
multicast boundary configuration, 84
static entry configuration, 24
O
OIF (outgoing interface list), 233
OIL (outgoing interface list), 9
Open Shortest Path First (OSPF), 5
originator IDs (MSDP), 54
orphan ports, 208
OSPF (Open Shortest Path First), 5
outgoing interface list (OIF), 233
outgoing interface list (OIL), 9
out-of-band signaling operation, 163
overlapping domain scopes, 17–19
P
P (provider) multicast transport, 186
PaaS (platform as a service), 100
package installation envelope (PIE), 51
partitioned MDT (Multicast Distribution Tree), 182–183
PBB-EVPN (Ethernet VPN), 277
PBR (policy-based routing), 118
PE (provider edge) devices
CE-PE multicast routing, 186–187
definition of, 137
PE-PE ingress replication, 187–191
peer links (VPC), 208
peer-RPF flooding, 49
peers (MSDP)
clearing, 55
configuration of, 38–40, 50–53
mesh groups, 54
peer-RPF flooding, 49
PETRs (proxy egress tunnel routers), 264–265
phasor measurement units (PMUs), 268–269
PIE (package installation envelope), 51
PIM (Protocol Independent Multicast), 1
auto-RP advertisements, 235
Bidir-PM (Bidirectional PIM), 244
forwarding trees
completed multicast tree, 79–82
OIL (outgoing interface list), 9
RPs (rendezvous points), 10
sample completed tree, 9
hellos, 234
multicast domains
configured multicast boundaries, 32–37
static interdomain forwarding, 19–22
neighbors, checking for, 150–151, 292–293
RPF (reverse path forwarding), 7–8
selection for hospital networks, 244–246
service provider multicast, 275–279
SM (sparse mode), 8
SSM (Source-Specific Multicast), 140, 144–145, 245
debugging, 34
failed PIM path between source and client, 307–309
R1 unicast RIB and FIB entries, 309–310
static mroute, adding to R1, 310–312
static mroute, adding to R2, 312–314
traffic engineering router configurations, 303–306
ping command
ping 10.0.100.100 source lo 100
unicast spoke-to-central hub communication, 128–129
unicast spoke-to-spoke interregional communication, 128
unicast spoke-to-spoke intra-regional communication, 126
ping 239.1.2.200, 79–82, 286–287, 300
ping 239.20.2.100, 71, 307, 312
ping FF73:105:2001:192::1, 95
PITRs (proxy ingress tunnel routers), 264–265
platform as a service (PaaS), 100
PMUs (phasor measurement units), 268–269
points of presence (POPs), 271
policy-based routing (PBR), 118
POPs (points of presence), 271
port channels, virtual
orphan ports, 208
VPC peer links, 208
prefix table
clearing, 37
multicast prefix acceptance, 36
profiles
available options, 182
operating system support matrix, 183–185
Protocol Independent Multicast. See PIM (Protocol Independent Multicast)
Provider Backbone Bridging, 277
provider edge devices. See PE (provider edge) devices
providers
definition of, 137
PE (provider edge) devices
CE-PE multicast routing, 186–187
definition of, 137
PE-PE ingress replication, 187–191
provider multicast transport, 186
proxy egress tunnel routers (PETRs), 264–265
proxy ingress tunnel routers (PITRs), 264–265
Pseudowire services, 277
public cloud services. See cloud environments
push data model, 82
Q-R
Radio over IP design, 269
receiver checks, 284
interdomain multicast network
checking RP for (*, G), 289–290
receiver checking output on SP1–1, 288–289
MVPN support matrix, 314
VXLAN (Virtual Extensible LAN), 322
reflection. See service reflection
remote-as command, 39
rendezvous points. See RPs (rendezvous points)
replication
BIER (Bit Index Explicit Replication), 202–205
ingress replication
EVPN VXLAN, 224
PE-PE ingress replication, 188–189
reverse path forwarding (RPF), 6, 7–8, 118
RFCs (requests for comment)
RFC 2283, 24
RFC 3306, 91
RFC 3956, 96
RFC 4364, 138
RFC 4607, 90
RFC 4760, 24
RFC 5036, 138
RFC 5771, 90
RFC 6996, 3
RFC 7371, 91
RFC 7441, 139
RFC 7606, 24
RIB (router information base), 7, 309–310
RLOCs (routing locators), 263
Rosen, Eric, 139
Rosen model. See default MDT (Multicast Distribution Tree)
route policy language (RPL), 185
router bgp command, 27
router information base (RIB), 7
router msdp configuration mode, 50
router msdp originator-id command, 54
routing locators (RLOCs), 263
RPF (reverse path forwarding), 6, 7–8, 118
peer-RPF flooding, 49
state verification, 292
RPL (route policy language), 185
RPs (rendezvous points). See also MSDP (Multicast Source Discovery Protocol)
definition of, 10
market data environments, 272–274
medical device communications, 245
MSDP peers
clearing, 55
configuration of, 38–40, 50–53
mesh groups, 54
peer-RPF flooding, 49
multitenant data centers, 258–260
service provider multicast, 275–279
traffic engineering, 122
wireless networks, 253
S
SAFI (subsequent address family identifiers), 145
sa-limit command, 56
SAP (Session Advertisement Protocol), 87
SAs (source actives)
definition of, 40
limits, 56
SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition), 267
scalability. See cloud environments
scoped multicast domains, 258
SDDCs (software-defined data centers), 260
SDP (Session Description Protocol), 87
SD-WAN. See software-defined networking
firewalls, 83
routed mode, 83
transparent mode, 83
VFW (virtual firewall), 255
Security Group Access Control Lists (SGACL), 262
Security Group Tags (SGTs), 262
service provider multicast, 274–275
service reflection, 105
multicast-to-multicast destination conversion, 105–109
packet capture before conversion, 107
show ip mroute output at R2, 107–108
show ip mroute output at R4, 106–107, 109
VIF configuration at R2, 106
multicast-to-unicast destination conversion, 113–117
show ip mroute output at R2, 115–116
sniffer capture after conversion, 114–115
sniffer output after conversion, 116–117
VIF configuration at R2, 114
unicast-to-multicast destination conversion, 109–113
show ip mroute output at R2, 112
show ip mroute output at R4, 110–111, 113
sniffer capture before conversion, 111–112
VIF configuration at R2, 110
Service Set Identification (SSID), 241, 247–248
Session Advertisement Protocol (SAP), 87
Session Description Protocol (SDP), 87
set core-tree ingress-replication-default command, 188
SGACL (Security Group Access Control Lists), 262
SGTs (Security Group Tags), 262
shared-to-source tree process, 149
show commands
show bgp ipv4 mdt vrf RED, 147–148
show interfaces tunnel 1, 153–154, 320–321
show ip bgp, 31
show ip bgp ipv4 mdt vrf RED, 146–147
show ip bgp ipv4 multicast, 31, 36–37, 312–314
show ip igmp groups, 209, 288–289
show ip mfib vrf RED 224.1.1.20, 159
show ip mroute, 9, 61, 318, 323–324
failed PIM path between source and client, 307–309
group flow for 239.1.1.1, 60–61
interdomain segregation, verifying, 70–71
multicast flow over VPC, 209–211
routing table for VRF “default”, 216
service reflection examples, 106–116
show ip mroute 239.1.1.1, 129–130
show ip mroute 239.1.2.200, 79–82, 288–290, 294, 299–300
show ip mroute 239.120.1.1, 33, 34–35
show ip mroute 239.192.1.1, 130–132
show ip mroute 239.20.2.100, 310–313
show ip mroute 239.2.2.2, 59, 60
show ip mroute vrf BLU 224.1.1.1, 197–198
show ip mroute vrf BLU 224.2.2.22, 171–172
show ip mroute vrf RED 224.1.1.1, 197–198
show ip mroute vrf RED 224.1.1.20, 152–153
show ip mroute vrf SVCS 224.1.1.1, 196–197, 199
show ip msdp sa-cache, 49, 60, 61, 71, 295–296, 298–299
show ip msdp sa-cache rejected-sa, 297–298
show ip pim, 70
show ip pim rp mapping, 59
show ip pim rp mappings, 288–289
show ip pim vrf RED mdt, 156–157
show ip pim vrf RED mdt send, 157
show ip pim vrf RED neighbor, 150, 321
show ip rpf, 284
show ip rpf 10.20.2.100, 309, 311–312, 313
show ipv6 mroute, 96
show mfib vrf RED interface, 144
show mfib vrf RED route 224.1.1.20, 159–160
show mpls forwarding-table, 181, 316–317
show mpls forwarding-table labels, 174, 179
show mpls ldp neighbor, 317–318
show mpls mldp bindings, 170–171, 175, 180
show mpls mldp database, 173, 174–175, 177–178
show mpls mldp database brief, 181
show mpls mldp database p2mp root 192.168.0.4, 179–180
show mpls mldp database summary, 180, 181
show mpls mldp neighbors, 167–169
show mrib vrf BLU route 224.2.2.22, 172, 189
show mrib vrf RED mdt-interface detail, 157
show mvpn vrf BLU ipv4 database ingress-replication, 189–191
show nve vni ingress-replication, 224
show pim vrf RED mdt cache, 157, 158
show pim vrf RED mdt interface, 154–155
show pim vrf RED neighbor, 150–151
show run interface vif1, 106, 110
show running-config | begin ip msdp, 298
show running-config interface e0/1, 293–294
shutdown commands, 55
signaling
out-of-band, 163
SM (sparse mode), 8
snooping (IGMP), 244
software-defined data centers (SDDCs), 260
software-defined networking
Cisco DNA (Digital Network Architecture), 260–261
DMVPN (Dynamic Multipoint VPN), 261
IWAN (Intelligent WAN), 261
LISP (Locator/ID Separation Protocol), 262–263
configuration example, 265–267
PETRs (proxy egress tunnel routers), 264–265
PITRs (proxy ingress tunnel routers), 264–265
Viptela, 261
source actives. See SAs (source actives)
source checks, 284
interdomain multicast network, 290–292
MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) VPNs, 284
traffic engineering, 301
VXLAN (Virtual Extensible LAN), 322
Source-Specific Multicast. See SSM (Source-Specific Multicast)
sparse mode (PIM), 8
spine configuration (EVPN VXLAN), 219–220
SSID (Service Set Identification), 241, 247–248
SSM (Source-Specific Multicast), 6, 88–90, 140, 144–145, 245
state verification, 284
interdomain multicast network
LHR RP MSDP SA state, 295
MSDP configuration check, 298
ping test, 300
rejected CA cache entries, 297–298
RPF information, 292
MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) VPNs, 315–322
failed PIM path between source and client, 307–309
R1 unicast RIB and FIB entries, 309–310
router configurations, 303–306
static mroute, adding to R1, 310–312
static mroute, adding to R2, 312–314
VXLAN (Virtual Extensible LAN), 322–325
static interdomain forwarding, 19–22
static mroute, adding
static-rpf command, 24
subsequent address family identifiers (SAFI), 145
Substation tier, 268
Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA), 267
TDP (Tag Distribution Protocol), 138
tenants. See multitenant data centers
TIBCO Rendezvous, 270
time-to-live (TTL), 87
trade floors, multicast in, 269–271
brokerage multicast design, 273–274
FSP (financial service provider) multicast design, 273
market data environments, 271–272
traffic engineering, 19, 117–118
DMVPN (Dynamic Multipoint VPN), 118–126
configuration snapshot from hub R2, 123
configuration snapshot of regional hub R3, 123–125
configuration snapshot of regional spoke R6, 125–126
intra-regional multicast flow between two spokes, 130–132
multicast flow from hub, 129–130
failed PIM path between source and client, 307–309
R1 unicast RIB and FIB entries, 309–310
router configurations, 303–306
static mroute, adding to R1, 310–312
static mroute, adding to R2, 312–314
unicast spoke-to-central hub communication, 128–129
unicast spoke-to-spoke interregional communication, 128
unicast spoke-to-spoke intra-regional communication, 126–127
translation. See service reflection
Transport Control Protocol (TCP), 38, 87
transport diversification. See cloud environments
trees. See forwarding trees
troubleshooting
interdomain multicast networks
design interface map, 287
high-level ASM network design, 286–287
methodology overview for, 285–286
multicast reachability from source to client, 286–287
MSDP (Multicast Source Discovery Protocol), 296–297
configuration check, 298
PIM (Protocol Independent Multicast), 301–302
debugging, 34
failed PIM path between source and client, 307–309
R1 unicast RIB and FIB entries, 309–310
static mroute, adding to R1, 310–312
static mroute, adding to R2, 312–314
traffic engineering router configurations, 303–306
three-step methodology, 283–284
VXLAN (Virtual Extensible LAN), 322–325
TrustSec infrastructure, 262
TTL (time-to-live), 87
unicast spoke-to-central hub communication, 128–129
unicast spoke-to-spoke interregional communication, 128
unicast spoke-to-spoke intra-regional communication, 126–127
unicast-to-multicast destination conversion, 109–113
show ip mroute output at R2, 112
show ip mroute output at R4, 110–111, 113
sniffer capture before conversion, 111–112
VIF configuration at R2, 110
use cases
MSDP (Multicast Source Discovery Protocol), 56–61
multicast in cloud environments, 132–135
utility networks
design blocks, 267
Distribution Level tiers, 268
PMUs (phasor measurement units), 268–269
Radio over IP design, 269
SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition), 267
Substation tier, 268
V
Validated Design, 255
VASI (VRF-aware service infrastructure), 200–202
VFW (virtual firewall), 255
VIFs (virtual interfaces), configuring for service reflection
multicast-to-multicast destination conversion, 106
multicast-to-unicast destination conversion, 114
unicast-to-multicast destination conversion, 110
Viptela, 261
Virtual Extensible LAN. See VXLAN (Virtual Extensible LAN)
virtual firewall (VFW), 255
virtual port channel. See VPC (virtual port channel)
Virtual Private LAN Service (VPLS), 277
virtual private networks. See VPNs (virtual private networks)
Virtual Route Forwarding. See VRF (Virtual Route Forwarding)
Virtual Switching System (VSS), 241
VMDC (Virtualized Multi-Tenant Data Center), 255–256
VNIs (VXLAN network identifiers), 323–324
VPC (virtual port channel)
orphan ports, 208
VPC peer links, 208
VPLS (Virtual Private LAN Service), 277
VPNs (virtual private networks). See also MPLS (Multiprotocol Label Switching) VPNs
DMVPN (Dynamic Multipoint VPN), 118–126, 261
configuration snapshot from hub R2, 123
configuration snapshot of regional hub R3, 123–125
configuration snapshot of regional spoke R6, 125–126
EVPNs (Ethernet virtual private networks), 216–218
ingress replication, 224
VRF (Virtual Route Forwarding), 262
VSS (Virtual Switching System), 241
VTEPs (VXLAN Tunnel Endpoints), 211–213
VXLAN (Virtual Extensible LAN), 211
EVPNs (Ethernet virtual private networks), 216–218
ingress replication, 224
host-to-host multicast communication in
Layer 2 communication, 224–226
Layer 3 communication, 226
VNIs (VXLAN network identifiers), 323–324
VTEPs (VXLAN Tunnel Endpoints), 211–213
wireless networks, multicast considerations for, 246–254