Index
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Abu Dhabi, 193
Academic medical centers (AMCs):
and Bayh-Dole Act, 9
and direct physician contact, 155
and local development partnerships, 169–170
and mission-based innovation, 5–6, 180
organic research at, 235–236
and Playbook, 141
royalties earned by inventors at, 25
and virtuous cycle, 60–62
Accelerators, 176–178
Adaptive markets, 215
ADEO, 167–168
ADME/tox testing (drug approval process), 237
Administrators, MiMS scores of, 244–250
Affordable Care Act (see U.S. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA))
Alberts, Jay, 106
AMCs (see Academic medical centers)
Anesthesia Institute, 125
Angiotensin, 3
Annuloplasty ring, 123
Aorta, 119
Aortic aneurysms, 4
Apple Store, 167
Arnold Palmer SportsHealth Center, 161
Artificial kidney, 5
Association of University Technology Managers (AUTM), 24–25, 92
Associational thinking, 39
Barth, Jodi Maron, 167
Battelle Institute, 15
Bayh, Birch, 8
Bayh-Dole Act (see University and Small Business Patent Procedures Act)
BE (Business Engineering), 148–149
Ben Venue Laboratories, Inc., 8
Best Mousetrap competition, 165
Big Data: The Next Frontier for Innovation, Competition, and Productivity (report), 106
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, 199
Biomedical Engineering department, 8
Biomedical Imaging and Analysis Center, 66
BioSymMetRic™ External Fixator, 14
Biotechnology, 25
Biotechnology Industry Organization, 24
Boffa, Christopher, 37
Bona, John, 36
Borden, Lester S., 11
Brain mapping, 4
Breast cancer, 133
Brown, David L., 125–126
Bryan, Jason A., 112
Business Engineering (BE), 148–149
CABG (coronary artery bypass grafting), 120
Cadaver kidney transplants, 4, 5
Capital gap, 151
CardioMEMS, Inc., 131–132
Cardiovascular surgery, 3
Carotid clamp, 4
Carpal tunnel syndrome, 3
Case Western Reserve University, 170, 192
CASSI (Computer Assisted Seating Systems, Inc.), 10
CCI (see Cleveland Clinic Innovations)
CCI Steering Committee, 59
Center for Autism, 205
Center for Facial Recovery™, 167
Center on Budget and Policy Priorities, 101
Centers for Accelerated Innovations, 170
Chemotherapy, 111
Chesterton, G. K., on need for rules, 55
CHF (congestive heart failure), 131–132
CHL (Cleveland HeartLab, Inc.), 134, 178–179
Cholesterol, 134
Christensen, Clayton M., 39
Church, James, 33
Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, 170
and academic mission, 26
development of commercialization model at, 11–16
founding of, 2
history of innovations at, 3–4, 7–10
institutes at, 74
as model for commercial innovation, 26–29
1929 fire at, 32–33
peer review committees at, 73
ten commandments of innovation at, 19–23
(Cleveland Clinic Innovations [CCI])
Cleveland Clinic Concussion (C3) app, 106–107
Cleveland Clinic Innovations (CCI):
approach to innovation at, 18–19, 87, 89, 118, 127–128, 144, 177–178
Business Engineering at, 148–149
and CHL, 178–179
and commercialization process, 65–66
creation of, 15
device development at, 100–102, 142, 176
encouraging innovation at, 40–41
and GHIA, 162–163
and Innovation Global Practice Survey, 137–140
innovation rewards at, 45–47
Invention Disclosure Form, 226–234
inventor-philanthropists at, 202–203
Inventors Forum at, 68–69
licenses issued by, x
and local economic development, 168
scorecard at, 75–77
as service function, 65
team at, 49–54
therapeutics and diagnostics at, 104–105
and value-based innovation, 209
Cleveland Clinic Medical Innovation Summit, 15–16
Cleveland Health-Tech Corridor, 192
Cleveland HeartLab, Inc. (CHL), 134, 178–179
Cleveland Multiport Catheter™, 110
Cleveland State University, 192
Clinic Technology Group, 10
Clinic Ventures, 10
Clinical Engineering department, 8
Clinical trials, 239–240
Clinitec, Inc., 10
COI (conflict of interest), 156
Collaboration, 38–39
Cologene, 33–34
Colon cancer, 33–34
Commercial innovators, 165–166
Commercialization:
barriers to, 78
benefits of, 26
at CCI, 65–66
development of model for, 11–16
in healthcare generally, 26–29
shift to, 24–25
traditional, 81–83
Commercialization Council, 71–73
Competitive advantage, 79
Compound optimization (drug approval process), 237
Computer Assisted Seating Systems, Inc. (CASSI), 10
Condenser dosimeter, 3
Conflict of interest (COI), 156
Congestive heart failure (CHF), 131–132
Constellations, 195
Core capabilities (core competencies), 141, 144
Cornhill, J. Frederick, 11, 13
Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), 120
Coronary artery bypass surgery, 4, 5
Cosgrove, Toby, 1, 12, 122–123, 158, 159, 163, 164, 193
Cosgrove ring, 12
Cournand, André F., 119
Cox Enterprises, Inc., 166
Creativity, enhancing, 19–20, 39, 122
Crile, George “Barney,” Jr., 5
Crile, George Washington, 4–5, 7
Crile forceps, 4
Criticism, critical analysis vs., 19, 92
Cross-pollination, 51, 126, 181
Crowdsourcing, 202
Curtis National Hand Center, 16, 158
Custom Orthopaedic Solutions, Inc., 111–112
Dashboards, 89
Debra Ann November Pediatric Airway and Pulmonary Mechanics Lab, 205
Debra Ann November Wing (Center for Autism), 205
Decision making, 27–28
Decision Support Systems (DSS), 125–126
Delivery solutions, 108–109, 142
Department of Defense, 137
Design patents, 82
Device development, 100–102
Diagnostics, 103–105
Dialysis, 3
Diet, and heart disease, 134
Disclosures, number of, 90–91
Dole, Robert, 8
Dot-com boom, 213
Dowling, Michael J., 164
Drucker, Peter, 118
Drug approval process, 235–242
ADME/tox testing, 237
clinical trials, 239–240
compound optimization, 237
IND application, 238–239
lead compound, determination of, 236–237
manufacture/scaling, 241
new drug application, 240–241
organic research, 235–236
preclinical testing, 238
target identification/validation, 236
Drug discovery, 103–104
DSS (Decision Support Systems), 125–126
Dynamic duo inventors, 171
Early-stage innovation, 23
The Economic Contributions of University/Nonprofit Inventions in the United States: 1996-2010, 24–25
Economic development, local, 190–191
Economic development partnerships, 169–170
Ecosystem, innovation, 172
Education, engaging innovators through, 67–70
80-20 rule, 35–36
EIRs (see Entrepreneurs-in-residence)
Electronic medical records (EMRs), ix, 106
Electro-osmotic generator, 8
Employment agreements, 43
EMRs (electronic medical records), ix, 106
Endovascular stent graft design, 4
Enhancement (INVENT process), 60
Entrepreneurs-in-residence (EIRs), 141, 152, 185–186
Epilepsy, 4
Eponymous foundation funders, 198–200
E-Research (search engine), ix–x
Excise tax, PPACA, 219
Executives, MiMS scores of, 244–250
Existing practices, improvement over, 78
External advisory, 87
Face2Face Facial Palsy app, 167
Facial paralysis, 167
Failure, 29
Fairfax Renaissance Development Corporation (FRDC), 169, 190
A Fare for the Heart (Pepin), 10
FDA (see U.S. Food and Drug Administration)
Federal funding, 210–212
Filters, 70–79
Commercialization Council, 71–73
essential criteria as, 78–79
peer review committees, 73–77
Financing of innovation, 209–217
federal/state, 210–212
sophisticated modeling for, 214–217
venture capital and, 212–214
Fishbowls, 184–185
Flare Capital Partners, 15
Florence, 174
Focus groups, 56
Formularies, 186
Foundation Medical Partners, 15
FRDC (Fairfax Renaissance Development Corporation), 169, 190
Funding pressures, 64
Gaps, minding the, 150–152
GCHI (Global Center for Health Innovation), 192–193
GCIC (see Global Cardiovascular Innovation Center)
GE Healthcare Systems, 193
Genetic diseases, 4
Geographic innovation, 127–129
Georgia Institute of Technology, 131
GHIA (see Global Healthcare Innovations Alliance)
Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, 155
Global Cardiovascular Innovation Center (GCIC), 66, 169–170, 177–178, 211
Global Center for Health Innovation (GCHI), 192–193
Global Healthcare Innovations Alliance (GHIA), 16, 27
and commercial innovators, 165–166
founding of, 161–169
Hannifin Corp. and, 110
and “innovation triangle,” 164–165
and instrument development, 137
Lubrizol Corporation and, 105
Northwell Health and, 36
optimization of, 166–169
and PRCs, 73
start of, 162–164
and structured innovation, 41
and synthetic innovation, 126
Good manufacturing practices (GMP), 241
Google Patents, 82
Graded Perspective Analysis (GPA), 146–148, 244
Greater Cleveland Regional Transit Authority, 192
Hahn, Joseph F., 13, 15–16, 176
Hazen, Stanley L., 133–134, 179
Health information technology (HIT), ix–x, 106–108, 126, 183, 213
Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), 184
Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society (HiMSS), 193
Healthcare sector, commercial innovation in, 26–29
HealthLine transit system, 192
Heart disease, diet and, 134
Heart-lung machine, 3
Heritable diseases, 4
HiMSS (Healthcare Information and Management Systems Society), 193
HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act), 184
HIT (see Health information technology)
Hurst, J. Willis, 120
Hybrid outputs, 110–112
Hypertension, 3
IAB (see Innovation Advisory Board)
Iannotti, Joseph P., 112
ICMMs (innovation capability maturity models), 137
Idea submission (INVENT process), 59
Ideation, structuring of, 156–157
IDF (Invention Disclosure Form), 59, 226–234
iGPS (see Innovation Global Practice Survey)
ImageIQ, 66
Implementation, ease of, 78
Improvement, innovation to, 2
Incubators, 173–191
accelerators vs., 176–178
exiting from, 189–190
and local economic development, 190–191
measuring success of, 187–189
models for, 175–182
selling concept of, 182–191
IND application, 238–239
Indiegogo, 200
Industry-provider relationships, 154–157
Infrastructure, innovation, 55–56
Infrastructure gap, 151
Innovation:
attracting industry back to, 214–217
destination of, 80–86
early-stage, 23
encouraging, 39–49
federal/state involvement in, 210–212
financing of, 209–210
future of, in healthcare, 207–217
geographic, 127–129
history of, at Cleveland Clinic, 3–4, 7–10
infrastructure for, 55–56
investment in, 136–137
open, 202
opportunistic, 118–122
philosophies of, 17–19
preparedness for, 135–137
speed of, 96–97
strategic, 129–132
synthetic, 125–127
as team sport, 153
telescopic, 133–135
ten commandments of, 19–23
value of, in medicine, 113–116
venture capital and, 212–214
(See also Mission-driven innovation)
Innovation Advisory Board (IAB), 60, 69, 87–88
Innovation and Entrepreneurship: Practice and Principles (Drucker), 118
Innovation capability maturity models (ICMMs), 137
Innovation ecosystem, 216, 219
Innovation Global Practice Survey (iGPS), 137–152
Business Engineering component of, 148–149
Graded Perspective Analysis component of, 146–148
Innovation Infrastructure Inquiry component of, 139–143
Medical Innovation Maturity Survey component of, 143–145
and minding the gaps, 150–152
Innovation Infrastructure Inquiry (3i), 139–143
Innovation Institute, 164–165
Innovation maturity, 247
“Innovation triangle,” 164–165
Innovations Governance Advisory Board, 44, 88–89
Innovator(s):
in CCI team, 49–54
creating incentives for, 39–49
engaging, through education, 67–70
examples of, 32–34
and potential for innovation, 35–39
The Innovator’s DNA (Christensen), 39
Institutes, 74
Institutional review board (IRB), 238
Intellectual property (IP):
and commitment to best processes/practices, 20–21
licensing of, 12–13
new model for development of, 25
patents, 43
protectable, 81–82
and raising capital, 215
and revenue sharing, 204
and technology transfer, 9
in virtuous cycle, 61
Internship program, 52–53
Intra-aortic balloon pump, 3
Invention Disclosure Form (IDF), 59, 226–234
Inventor outreach, 67
Inventor-philanthropists, 202–205
Inventors, partnerships between, 170–172
Investment, innovation, 136–137
IRA (institutional review board), 238
JobsOhio, 211
Johns Hopkins University, 54
Journal of Political Economy, 114
Juventas Therapeutics Inc., 105
Kass, Dennis M., 216–217
Katzan, Irene, 47
Kelley [need first name], 40, 50
Kickstarter, 200
Kidney dialysis, 3
Kinsey, Stephen, 167
Kiser, William, 12
Knowledge Program, 47
Kolff, Willem, 5
Larynx transplants, 4
L-carnitine, 134
Lead compound designation (drug approval process), 236–237
Lerner Research Institute, 10, 45, 66, 133
Lewis, Royston C., 119
Licenses, royalty-bearing, 94–95
Limitation, innovation by, 41
Local economic development, 190–191
Lone wolf inventors, 171
Lougheed, Charlie, 128
Lubrizol Corporation, 105, 166
Manilich, Elena, 33
Manufacture (drug approval process), 241
Market advantage, 79
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 169, 215, 217
Mayo Clinic, 191
McCullagh, D. Roy, 8
McHale, Stephen, 128
McKinsey & Co., 106
Medical devices, 100–102
Medical Innovation Maturity Survey (MiMS), 143–145
sample results, 243–250
Medical Innovation Playbook, 140–143
Medical Innovation Summit, 218
MedStar Health, 42, 161, 163, 164, 167
MedStar Institute for Innovation (MI2), 161–163
MedStar SportsHealth, 161
Meehan, Michael J., 13
MEMS (microelectromechanical systems), 131
Meritocracies, 37
Metrics, 89–96
for measuring success of incubators, 187–189
operational, 89–93
outcome, 93–96
of preparedness for innovation, 137–152
MetroHealth System, 193
Meyer, Lorenz “Buddy,” 37
Microelectromechanical systems (MEMS), 131
Microflora, 4
Milken Institute, 114–115
Millennials, 184
Mission gap, 150
Mission-driven innovation, 5–7
and doctor-patient relationship, 31–32
environment for, 121
financing of, 209–210, 212–214
and incubators, 179–180
main factors in, 18
and philanthropy, 200–202
and relationship building, 159
venture capital and, 212–214
Mitral valve regurgitation, 34
MI2 (MedStar Institute for Innovation), 161–163
Molecules, 103
Monetization, 83–85
Multiple sclerosis, 4
MyCare Online, 107
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 166
National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER), 114
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 212
National Institutes of Health (NIH), 170, 210
National Inventors Month, 67
National Science Foundation (NSF), 24
Nature Biotechnology, 216
Navia, José, 34
NaviGate Cardiac Structures, Inc., 34
NaviGate system, 34
NBER (National Bureau of Economic Research), 114
NCAI (NIH Centers for Accelerated Innovations), 211–212
NDA (new drug application), 240–241
Need assessment (INVENT process), 59
Need fulfillment, 78
Needle holder, 4
Negotiation (INVENT process), 60
Neurological Institute, 74
New drug application (NDA), 240–241
New ideas, 90
NIH (National Institutes of Health), 170, 210
NIH Centers for Accelerated Innovations (NCAI), 211–212
Nonprofits, 141
NovaMedics, Inc., 14
November, Iris and Mort, 205
NSF (National Science Foundation), 24
Obamacare (see U.S. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA))
Office of New Enterprises, 9
Office of Technology Transfer, 10, 11, 13
Ohio State University, 170
Ohio Third Frontier (OTF), 210–211
Open innovation, 202
Operational metrics, 89–93
Operationalization, 85–86
Opportunistic innovation, 118–122
Organic innovation, 122–124, 157
Organic research, 235–236
Orthopaedics, 11
Orthopaedics & Rheumatology Institute, 74
OTF (Ohio Third Frontier), 210–211
Outcome metrics, 93–96
Outputs, 99–112
delivery solutions, 108–109
health information technology, 106–108
hybrid, 110–112
medical devices, 100–102
therapeutics/diagnostics, 103–105
Parker Hannifin Corp., 127, 165–166
Partnerships:
for economic development, 169–170
between inventors, 170–172
Patent applications, number of, 91
Patients:
as consumers, 26–27
tips for, 220–221
PayPal, 200
Peer adoption, likelihood of, 79
Peer Review Committees (PRCs), 59, 71, 73–77, 81
Pepin, Jacques, 10
Pharmaceutical firms, 104, 216
Pharmacokinetics, 237
Phase 4 testing (drug approval process), 241–242
Philanthropy, 197–206
by eponymous foundation funders, 198–200
by inventor-philanthropists, 202–205
by mission-driven subscribers, 200–202
traditional, 197–198
venture, 198
Philips Healthcare, 193
Phillips, John, 32
Physicians, MiMS scores of, 244–250
Policymaking, 194
Portfolio building, 168
PPACA (see U.S. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act)
PRCs (see Peer Review Committees)
Preclinical testing (drug approval process), 238
Preparedness for innovation, 135–137
Privacy, ix
Process, 28–29
Procter & Gamble, 134
ProMedical Health System, 164
PRONATE™ platform, 201–202
Protectable IP, 81–82
Provider-provider relationships, 157–161
Quarterly business reviews (QBRs), 51–52
Razoo, 200
R&D (see Research and development)
R&E tax credit, 102
Regional innovation clusters, 190, 191, 193–195
Regulatory merit, 79
Rein, Harry T., 16
Relationships:
industry-provider, 154–157
provider-provider, 157–161
Relay race model of innovation, 171–172
Renovascular surgery, 3
Requests for proposals (RFPs), 154
Research and development (R&D), 23, 24, 63, 157
Research and experimentation (R&E) tax credit, 102
Resourcing, 27–28
Revenue sharing, 203–204
Rewards for innovation, 43–47
RFPs (requests for proposals), 154
Rheumatic fever, 119
RocketHub, 200
Rogers, John H., 9
Roosevelt, Theodore, 18
Royalty-bearing licenses, 94–95
St. Joseph Health, 164
St. Jude Medical, Inc., 132
Scaling (drug approval process), 241
Scholarly circuit, 60–65
Scientific merit, 79
Scorecards, 75–77
Sequential activity, 48–49
Sequential innovation, 171–172
Serotonin, 3
Shah, Nayan S., 10
Shield Biotech, 133
Shock, 5
Siemens, 193
Siemionow, Maria, 5
Six degrees of innovation, 118
Sloan School of Management, 169, 215
Smith, Mark, 163
Software development, 84
Software Engineering Institute, 137
Sones, F. Mason, Jr., 5, 118–120
Sones award (F. Mason Sones Award), 47
Speed of innovation, 96–97
Spin ins/spin offs, 80–81, 85, 109, 181
Stage of development, 79
State funding, 210–212
State of the Clinic address, 47
Stewart, Bruce Hubbard, 5
Stezar, Gincy Lockhart, 167
Straffon, Ralph, 5
Strategic gap, 151
Strategic innovation, 129–132
Strategization, 85–86
Structured innovation, 41–42
Subscribers, mission-driven, 200–202
Sunshine Act, 155–156
Supply chains, 154
Synthetic innovation, 125–127
Talent gap, 151–152
Talis Clinical, LLC, 126
Target identification and validation (drug approval process), 236
TCOs (technology commercialization offices), 140, 142
Technical feasibility, 78
Technology commercialization offices (TCOs), 140, 142
Telescopic innovation, 133–135
Telkes, Maria, 8
Ten commandments of innovation, 19–23
The Ten Faces of Innovation (Kelley), 40, 50
Tenure, 47
Therapeutics, 103–105
3i (Innovation Infrastructure Inquiry), 139–143
Thyroid cancer, 4
Time factors, 27–28
TMAO (trimethylamine N-oxide), 134
Tracey, Kevin J., 164
Traditional philanthropy, 197–198
Transactions, 88–89
Translation (INVENT process), 60
Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), 134
Trubachev, Valera, 33
Tuohy, Vincent K., 47, 133, 205
University and Small Business Patent Procedures Act (Bayh-Dole Act), 8–10, 24, 25, 65
University Hospitals Health System, 169, 192, 193
University of Cincinnati, 170
University of Notre Dame, 47, 164, 165
University of Pennsylvania, 47
U.S. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services, 155–156
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 11, 101–103, 238–241
U.S. News & World Report, 131
U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), 69
U.S. Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (PPACA, Obamacare), 101, 154, 214, 218–219
USPTO (U.S. Patent and Trademark Office), 69
Utility patents, 81–82
Value, 208–209
Value-based innovation, 115–116, 208–209
Vanderbilt University, 54
Venture capital, 212–214
Vesta, 105
Viability assessment (INVENT process), 59
Vogelbaum, Michael A., 110–111
Watson Group, 128