We have implemented all the parameters of the reduce() method as lambda expressions. The first two versions of the reduce() method receive a BinaryOperator and the third version receives a BiFunction and a BinaryOperator. If you want to reuse a complex operator, you can implement a class that implements the necessary interface and use an object of that class as the parameter to these and to the other methods of the Stream class.
- Preface
- Thread Management
- Introduction
- Creating, running, and setting the characteristics of a thread
- Interrupting a thread
- Controlling the interruption of a thread
- Sleeping and resuming a thread
- Waiting for the finalization of a thread
- Creating and running a daemon thread
- Processing uncontrolled exceptions in a thread
- Using thread local variables
- Grouping threads and processing uncontrolled exceptions in a group of threads
- Creating threads through a factory
- Basic Thread Synchronization
- Thread Synchronization Utilities
- Introduction
- Controlling concurrent access to one or more copies of a resource
- Waiting for multiple concurrent events
- Synchronizing tasks in a common point
- Running concurrent-phased tasks
- Controlling phase change in concurrent-phased tasks
- Exchanging data between concurrent tasks
- Completing and linking tasks asynchronously
- Thread Executors
- Introduction
- Creating a thread executor and controlling its rejected tasks
- Executing tasks in an executor that returns a result
- Running multiple tasks and processing the first result
- Running multiple tasks and processing all the results
- Running a task in an executor after a delay
- Running a task in an executor periodically
- Canceling a task in an executor
- Controlling a task finishing in an executor
- Separating the launching of tasks and the processing of their results in an executor
- Fork/Join Framework
- Parallel and Reactive Streams
- Introduction
- Creating streams from different sources
- Reducing the elements of a stream
- Collecting the elements of a stream
- Applying an action to every element of a stream
- Filtering the elements of a stream
- Transforming the elements of a stream
- Sorting the elements of a stream
- Verifying conditions in the elements of a stream
- Reactive programming with reactive streams
- Concurrent Collections
- Introduction
- Using non-blocking thread-safe deques
- Using blocking thread-safe deques
- Using blocking thread-safe queue ordered by priority
- Using thread-safe lists with delayed elements
- Using thread-safe navigable maps
- Using thread-safe HashMaps
- Using atomic variables
- Using atomic arrays
- Using the volatile keyword
- Using variable handles
- Customizing Concurrency Classes
- Introduction
- Customizing the ThreadPoolExecutor class
- Implementing a priority-based Executor class
- Implementing the ThreadFactory interface to generate custom threads
- Using our ThreadFactory in an Executor object
- Customizing tasks running in a scheduled thread pool
- Implementing the ThreadFactory interface to generate custom threads for the fork/join framework
- Customizing tasks running in the fork/join framework
- Implementing a custom Lock class
- Implementing a transfer queue-based on priorities
- Implementing your own atomic object
- Implementing your own stream generator
- Implementing your own asynchronous stream
- Testing Concurrent Applications
- Introduction
- Monitoring a Lock interface
- Monitoring a Phaser class
- Monitoring an Executor framework
- Monitoring a fork/join pool
- Monitoring a stream
- Writing effective log messages
- Analyzing concurrent code with FindBugs
- Configuring Eclipse for debugging concurrency code
- Configuring NetBeans for debugging concurrency code
- Testing concurrency code with MultithreadedTC
- Monitoring with JConsole
- Additional Information
- Introduction
- Processing results for Runnable objects in the Executor framework
- Processing uncontrolled exceptions in a ForkJoinPool class
- Using a blocking thread-safe queue for communicating with producers and consumers
- Monitoring a Thread class
- Monitoring a Semaphore class
- Generating concurrent random numbers
- Concurrent Programming Design
- Introduction
- Using immutable objects when possible
- Avoiding deadlocks by ordering locks
- Using atomic variables instead of synchronization
- Holding locks for as short time as possible
- Delegating the management of threads to executors
- Using concurrent data structures instead of programming yourself
- Taking precautions using lazy initialization
- Using the fork/join framework instead of executors
- Avoiding the use of blocking operations inside a lock
- Avoiding the use of deprecated methods
- Using executors instead of thread groups
- Using streams to process big data sets
- Other tips and tricks
There's more...
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