Another important piece of code is the following:

@Stateful
public class UserBean {

    @PersistenceContext(unitName = "ch02-jta-pu", 
                        type = PersistenceContextType.EXTENDED)
    private EntityManager em;

    ...
}

So, here we are defining our PersistenceContext as EXTENDED. It means that this persistence context is bound to the @Stateful bean until it is removed from the container.

The other option is TRANSACTION, which means the persistence context would live only by the time of transaction.