Endnotes
1 Akane Otani, “The College Majors That Make the Most Money,” Bloomberg Business, May 7, 2015.
2 Ibid.
3 Zac Bissonnette, “Your College Major May Not Be as Important as You Think,” The New York Times, November 3, 2010.
4 “Engineering Majors Top Employer Salary Projections for Class of 2015,” National Association of Colleges and Employers press release dated January 7, 2015.
5 Debra Humphreys, “Employment Outcomes in the Four-Year Sector: The Value of Liberal Arts Degrees,” Association of American Colleges & Universities, 2014.
6 Dan Berrett, “Debate Continues over Merits of Liberal Arts Education,” Pocono Record Writer, July 1, 2010.
7 Debra Humphreys and Patrick Kelly, “How Liberal Arts and Science Majors Fare in Employment,” Association of American Colleges & Universities, 2014.
8 Zac Bissonnette, “Your College Major May Not be as Important as You Think,” The New York Times, November 3, 2010.
9 Sarah E. Needleman, “Ivy Leaguers’ Big Edge: Starting Pay,” The Wall Street Journal, August 1, 2008.
10 Meredith Lepore, “Most Employers Don’t Care About what your College Major Was,” The Grindstone, June 6, 2011.
11 David Brooks, “Tools for Thinking,” The New York Times, March 28, 2011.
12 Ashley Stahl, “Six Reasons Why Your College Major Doesn’t Matter,” Forbes, August 12, 2015.
13 Jaison R. Abel and Richard Deitz, “Do Big Cities Help College Graduates Find Better Jobs?” Liberty Street Economics, May 20, 2013.
14 Troy Onink, “The New Geography of Jobs: Where You Live Matters More Than Ever,” Forbes, May 22, 2012.
15 “Top 10 Best Cities for Post Grads,” April 3, 2015, www.rent.com
16 Raj Chetty, et al., “Where Is the Land of Opportunity? The Geography of Intergenerational Mobility in the United States,” The National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2014.
17 Lynn O’Shaughnessy, “New Study Shows Careers and College Majors Often Don't Match,” CBS News, November 15, 2013.
18 Brittany Bronson, “Long Odds in the Game of Life,” The New York Times, May 26, 2015.
19 Sam Fleming and Demetri Sevastopulo, “US Economic Recovery Masks Tale of Many Cities,” Financial Times, May 26, 2015.
20 Ibid.
21 Susan Adams, “The Best Cities for New College Grads in 2015,” Forbes, April 2, 2015.
22 Costs were determined using the cost-of-living wizard located at http://swz.salary.com/ on July 22, 2015.
23 Kevin Daum, “4 Tips for Overcoming Obstacles,” Inc., April 9, 2013.
24 Rieva Lesonsky, “Is True Grit the Most Important Factor to Success? American Express Open Forum, April 21, 2014.
25 Paul Tough, “What if the Secret to Success Is Failure?” The New York Times Magazine, September 14, 2011.
26 Thai Nguyen, “3 Qualities More Important Than IQ for Success,” Entrepreneur, January 27, 2015.
27 Ibid.
28 Robert S. Kaplan, “Reaching Your Potential,” Harvard Business Review, July-August, 2008.
29 Heidi Grant Halvorson, “Nine Things Successful People Do Differently,” Harvard Business Review, February 25, 2011.
30 Michele Menegay Marion, “Liberal Arts Is Slang for Job Skills,” Ask the Headhunter, no date.
31 Thomas L. Friedman, “Average Is Over,” The New York Times, January 24, 2012.
32 John Morgan, Brand against the Machine: How to Build your Brand, Cut through the Marketing Noise, and Stand out from the Competition, John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Hoboken, NJ,, November 22, 2011.
33 Gail McMeekin, “Don't Start a Job Hunt Until You Read This,” Huffington Post College Blog, May 15, 2013.
34 “Managers to Millennials: Job Interview No Time to Text,” USA Today, April 29, 2013.
35 Thomas L. Frikedman, “How to Get a Job,” The New York Times, May 28, 2013.
36 Ed Holton, “Managing the Transition to Work,” Journal of Career Planning & Employment, Vol. 59, No. 3, Spring 1999.
37 Lillian Cunningham, “Wont’ Work Hard? Won't Pay Their Dues? How Business Leaders See Young Workers,” The Washington Post, January 29, 2014.
38 Susannah Snider, “Get the Best Return on Investment for Your Liberal Arts Degree,” U.S. News and World Report, November 19, 2011.
39 “Employers: University Graduates Not Prepared to Enter the Workforce, a CareerBuilder.co.uk survey Reveals,” April 29, 2015.
40 “Multi-Gen Workplace: The Great Divide!” Posted May 22nd, 2015 by Marcia & filed under Generational, Leadership, Performance Management, Professional Presence in a Casual World.
41 Robert S. Kaplan, “Reaching Your Potential,” Harvard Business Review, July–August 2008.
42 Jen Hubley Luckwaldt, “80 Percent of Job Openings Aren’t Advertised,” PayScale, March 25, 2013.
43 Jacquelyn Smith, “7 Things You Probably Didn't Know About Your Job Search,” Forbes, April 17, 2013.
44 Lauren Weber, “Your Résumé vs. Oblivion,” The Wall Street Journal, January 24, 2012.
45 Mindy Thomas, “If You Want a New Job, Cover All Your Bases,” LinkedIn, August 5, 2014.
46 Gretchen Gavett and Scott Berinato, “Map: The Sad State of Global Workplace Engagement,” Harvard Business Review, October 31, 2013.
47 Ibid.
48 Tony Schwartz and Christine Porath, “Why You Hate Work,” The New York Times, May 30, 2014.
49 Ibid.
50 Kathryn Dill, “Survey: 42% of Employees Have Changed Jobs Due to Stress,” Forbes, April 18, 2014.
51 Ibid.
52 Gillian B. White, “Why the Gap between Worker Pay and Productivity Is So Problematic,” The Atlantic, February 25, 2015.
53 Steven Greenhouse, “Our Economic Pickle,” The New York Times, January 12, 2013.
54 Tomas Chamorro-Premuzic, “Does Money Really Affect Motivation? A Review of the Research,” Harvard Business Review, April 10, 2013.
55 Cary Cooper, “Work Email Is Making Us a ‘Generation of Idiots.’ Time to Switch Off,” The Guardian, May 14, 2015.
56 Susannah Snider, “Get the Best Return on Investment for Your Liberal Arts Degree.” U.S. News and World Report, November 19, 2011.
57 “Anxiety and Depression Association of America,” http://www.adaa.org/living-with-anxiety/college-students
58 Kelsey Sheehy, “Study: High School Grads Choosing Wrong College Majors,” U.S. News and World Report, November 11, 2013.
59 Drake Baer, “The Ugly Truth behind the Notion of the Dream Job.” Business Insider, April 1, 2015.
60 National Survey of Counseling Center Directors, 2010.
61 Arielle Eiser, “The Crisis on Campus,” American Psychological Association, September 2011.
62 Ibid.
63 “Survey: More freshmen Than Ever Say They Go to College to Get Better Jobs, Make More Money,” Higher Education Research Institution press release January 23, 2013.
64 Alan Schwarz, “More College Freshmen Report Having Felt Depressed,” The New York Times, February 5, 2015.
65 Carl R. Rogers, “The Good Life and the Fully Functioning Person,” Panarchy, 1953.
66 Dwigth Garner, “The Lower Ambitions of Higher Education,” The New York Times, August 12, 2014.
67 Accenture 2013 College Graduate Employment Survey released April 29, 2013.
68 Kimberly Gedeon, “New Report Says 62% of America's Jobs Pay Less Than $20 Per Hour,” Madame Noire, April 7, 2014.
69 Scott Adams, “Scott Adams' Secret of Success: Failure,” The Wall Street Journal, October 12, 2013.
70 Adam Bryant, “Alexa von Tobel of LearnVest: No, Really, What's Your Weakness?” The New York Times, April 16, 2015.
71 Umair Haque, “A Roadmap to a Life that Matters,” Harvard Business Review, July 13, 2011.
72 Larissa Faw, “Why Millennial Women Are Burning Out at Work by 30,” Forbes, November 11, 2011.
73 Geoff Colvin, Talent Is Overrated: What Really Separates World-Class Performers from Everybody Else. New York: Penguin Books, 2008.
74 For more information, please visit The Start Up of You web site http://www.thestartupofyou.com/
75 Mark Gilman, “College Graduates: You’re Doing It Wrong, and It's OK,” Huffington Post blog, May 22, 2013.
76 Ibid.
77 “How Many ‘Selves’ Do We Have?” Being Human, February 25, 2014.
78 Curtis Dunkel and Jennifer Kerpelman, editors, Possible Selves: Theory, Research and Applications, Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers, Inc., 2006.
79 “How Many 'Selves' Do We Have?”, 2014.
80 Ibid.
81 Melinda Beck, “Delayed Development: 20-Somethings Blame the Brain,” The Wall Street Journal, August 23, 2012.
82 Christopher Munsey, “Emerging adults: The In-between age,” American Psychological Association, June 2006.
83 Robin Marantz Henig, “What Is It About 20-Somethings?” The New York Times, August 18, 2010.
84 Ibid.
85 “Quick stat: 48 Million People (37% of the Workforce) Changed Jobs in 2011,” Net Perspectives, March 20, 2012.
86 Alan Hall, “'I'm Outta Here!' Why 2 Million Americans Quit Every Month,” Forbes, March 11, 2013.
87 Tomas Chamorro-Premuzic, “5 Signs It's Time for a New Job,” Harvard Business Review, April 7, 2015.
88 Quentin Fottrell, “Typical U.S. worker now lasts 4.6 years on job,” Market Watch, January 12, 2014.
89 Wes Moss, Starting from Scratch.
90 “Living with a Lack of Job Security: Coping with Uncertainty,” Mind Tools, http://www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newCDV_57.htm.
91 Melissa Korn and Leslie Kwoh, “No Such Thing as Job Security,” Wall Street Journal, September 14, 2012.
92 Sandeep Jauhar, “Why Doctors Are Sick of Their Profession,” The Wall Street Journal, August 29, 2014.
93 Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Number of Jobs, Labor Market Experience, and Earnings Growth: Results from a National Longitudinal Survey News Release,” June 27, 2008.
94 Peter Cappelli, “Why Focusing Too Narrowly in College Could Backfire,” The Wall Street Journal, November 15, 2013
95 Bureau of Labor Statistics, “Number of Jobs, Labor Market Experience, and Earnings Growth: Results from a National Longitudinal Survey News Release,” Economic News Release, June 27, 2008.
96 Carl B. Frey and Michael A. Osborne, “The Future of Employment: How Susceptible Are Jobs to Computerisation?,” Oxford Martin Programme on the Impacts of Future Technology, September 17, 2013.
97 Todd Wasserman, “A Guide to the Job Market in 2034,” Carlsbad Current Argus, February 13, 2014.
98 John M. Eger, “It's All About Creativity,” Huffington Post, March 21, 2012.
99 Virginia Heffernan, “Education Needs a Digital-Age Upgrade,” The New York Times, August 7, 2011.
100 “The Liberal Arts College Guides All Kinds of Students to a Career and a Calling: Lori E. Varlotta (Opinion),” Cleveland.com, April 4, 2015.
101 Jaison R. Abel and Richard Deitz, “Do Big Cities Help College Graduates Find Better Jobs?” Liberty Street Economics, May 20, 2013.
102 John Downey, “Career and Liberal Arts Education Both Important,” News Leader, August 8, 2015.
103 Jim Clifton, “The War for Good Jobs,” Gallup press release, September 7, 2011.
104 Jim Clifton, The Coming Jobs War, Gallup Press, New York City, NY, 2011.
105 Jacob Goldstein, “22 Million Americans Are Unemployed or Underemployed,” Plant Money, April 4, 2013.
106 Susan Spencer, “Employers seek grads with 'soft skills' more than specific majors,” Telegram News, February 15, 2015.
107 Susan Adams, “5 Mistakes College Job Seekers Make,” Forbes, April 22, 2013.
108 Dan Schawbel, “Somebody's gotta Get Hired, Right? 6 Tips to Help New Grads Land Job Offers,” TIME, May 15, 2012.
109 Cori J. Bussolari and Judith A. Goodell, “Chaos Theory as a Model for Life Transitions Counseling: Nonlinear Dynamics and Life's Changes,” Journal of Counseling & Development, Winter 2009.
110 Matt Linderman, 37 Signals blog entry dated July 7, 2008.
111 Sohan Murthy, “Charting Your Next Career Move with Data from LinkedIn,” LinkedIn Official Blog, December 8, 2014.
112 Deloitte press release dated January 14, 2015.
113 Ibid.
114 Shawn Achor, “Positive Intelligence,” Harvard Business Review, January–February 2012 issue.
115 Deborah L. Jacobs, “Why a Career Jungle Gym Is Better Than a Career Ladder,” Forbes, March 14, 2013.
116 Lisa Wade, “Two-Thirds of College Students Think They're Going to Change the World,” The Society Pages, May 20, 2013.
117 http://www.humanity.org/voices/commencements/tom-friedman-williams-college-speech-2005
118 Robert C. Pozen, “A Better Way to Plan Your Career,” Harvard Business Review, November 29, 2012.
119 Ibid.
120 Mariana Zanetti, “If You Want to Be Rich, Don't Get An MBA,” Business Insider, July 25, 2014.
121 Mason Currey, Daily Rituals: How Artists Work (Alfred A. Knopf, 2013), p. 83.
122 Wikipedia, “Wallace Stevens,” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallace_Stevens (accessed August 15, 2015).
123 Mason Currey, “Daily Rituals,” Slate, May 2, 2013.
124 Lydia Dishman, “10 Famous Creative Minds That Didn't Quit Their Day Jobs,” Fast Company, December 6, 2013.
125 Gayle Sherwood Magee, Charles Ives Reconsidered, Champaign, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2008.
126 Nadia Khomami, “Literary Success? Don’t Give up the Day Job, Advised Oscar Wilde,” The Telegraph, March 19, 2013.
127 David Ferguson, “Find the Thing You're Most Passionate about, Then Do It on Nights and Weekends for the Rest of Your Life,” The Onion, March 20, 2013.
128 Mason Currey, Daily Rituals: How Artists Work, Knopf, 2013.
129 John Wilwol, “Daily Rituals,' of the Brilliantly Creative,” NPR Books, April 30, 2013.
130 Lydia Dishman, “10 Famous Creative Minds That Didn't Quit Their Day Jobs,” Fast Company, December 6, 2013.
131 Mason Currey, “Daily Rituals,” Slate, May 2, 2013.
132 Casey Fabris, “College Students Think They’re Ready for the Workforce. Employers Aren’t So Sure.” The Chronicle of Higher Education, January 20, 2015.
133 Ibid.
134 York College of Pennsylvania, “2012 Professionalism in the Workplace Study,” Center for Professional Excellence, 2012.
135 Hannah Morgan, “The New Rules of Being Professional in the Workplace,” US News Money, November 20, 2013.
136 Paul Davidson, “Managers to Millennials: Job Interview No Time to Text,” USA Today, April 29, 2013.
137 National Association of Colleges and Employers, “Position Statement,” http://www.naceweb.org/advocacy/position-statements/united-states-internships.aspx?intlftnav (accessed August 2, 2015).
138 Amy Scott, “What Do Employers Really Want from College Grads?,” Marketplace Education, March 4, 2013.
139 Dan Schawbel, “Millennial Branding Student Employment Gap Study: Companies Expect Students to Have Internships but aren’t Hiring Interns,” 2012.
140 Hannah Geise, “The Intern Queen: Internships Are No Longer Optional,” February 26, 2012.
141 Jacquelyn Smith, “The Dream Employers for Liberal Arts Students,” Forbes, June 21, 2013.
142 Jacquelyn Smith, “Internships May Be the Easiest Way to a Job in 2013,” Forbes, December 6, 2012.
143 Jill Jacinto, “Where to Intern in 2015: Vault's Top 50,” Huffington Post, July 16, 2015.
144 Dan Schawbel, “Trend: Companies Hire for Cultural Fit Over Qualifications,” The Fast Track, March 1, 2013.
145 Katherine Peralta, “Employers: GPA Not the Most Important Things for Jos Seekers,” U.S. News & World Report, May 20, 2014.
146 Dan Schawbel, “Trend: Companies Hire for Cultural Fit Over Qualifications,” The Fast Track, March 1, 2013.
147 “Multi-Gen Workplace: The Great Divide!” Posted May 22nd, 2015 by Marcia & filed under Generational, Leadership, Performance Management, Professional Presence in a Casual World located at http://employeedevelopmentsystems.com/2015/05/multi-gen-workplace-the-great-divide/
148 Ethan Rouen, “Is It Better to Hire for Cultural Fit Over Experience?” Fortune, April 28, 2011.
149 Ibid.
150 Debra Humphreys and Patrick Kelly, “Liberal Arts Graduates and Employment: Setting the Record Straight,” Association of American Colleges & Universities, 2014.
151 Ashley Stahl, “Six Reasons Why Your College Major Doesn’t Matter,” Forbes, August 12, 2015.
152 Jeffrey J. Selingo, “Does the College Major Matter? Not Really,” The New York Times, April 29, 2013.
153 Martha C. White, “The Real Reason New College Grads Can't Get Hired,” Time, November 10, 2013.
154 Ibid.
155 H.S. Shekhaawat, “Soft Skills,” LinkedIn Pulse, June 25, 2014.
156 Geoff Colvin, Talent Is Overrated: What Really Separates World-Class Performers from Everybody Else, New York: Penguin Books, 2008.
157 Ray Williams, “The Biggest Predictor of Career Success? Not Skills or Education-but Emotional Intelligence,” Financial Post, January 1, 2014.
158 Brazen Life, “Specialization Is Overrated,” Business Insider, September 27, 2011.
159 National Leadership Council for Liberal Education and America’s Promise, “College Learning for the New Global Economy,” Association of American Colleges and Universities, 2007.
160 Debra Humphreys and Patrick Kelly, “Liberal Arts Graduates and Employment: Setting the Record Straight,” 2014.
161 Elizabeth Segran, “Why Top Tech CEOS Want Employees with Liberal Arts Degrees,” Fast Company, August 28, 2014.
162 E. Bruce Pitman, “A Liberal Arts Education Has Tremendous Value,” The Buffalo News, April 12, 2015.
163 Lane Wallace, “In Defense of Liberal Arts,” The Atlantic Monthly, May 19, 2009.
164 Debra Humphreys, “What Is a 21st Century Liberal Education?” Association of American Colleges & Universities, https://www.aacu.org/leap/what-is-a-liberal-education.
165 Pamela Schwandt, ed., “Called to Serve: St. Olaf and the Vocation of a Church College,” no date, located at http://gustavus.edu/faith/pdf/called_to_serve.pdf
166 Debra Humphreys, “New Report Documents That Liberal Arts Disciplines Prepare Graduates for Long-Term Professional Success,” Association of American Colleges & Universities, January 22, 2014.
167 Robert Shoenberg, “How Not to Defend Liberal Arts Colleges,” Association of American Colleges & Universities, Vol. 95, No. 1, Winter 2009.
168 Michael S. McPherson, “The Economic Value of a Liberal Arts Education,” About Campus, October 1998.
169 Gary A. Olson, “One Response to the Decline of the Liberal Arts,” Huffington Post, December 10, 2013.
170 Kara Godwin, “The Global Emergence of Liberal Education: A Comparative and Exploratory Study,” Doctoral Dissertation, Boston College Center for International Higher Education, Chestnut Hill, MA, 2013. She created the Global Liberal Education Inventory (GLEI), which looked at 183 non-US programs with 59 data points. She found “Specifically, there are now approximately 183 programs in 58 countries around the world…Liberal education now exists in at least 58 countries and on every continent with postsecondary institutions,” and “the majority of new liberal education programs were launched during the last decade.” It was found that Asia has the strongest number of liberal arts programs other than North America. “Based on the GLEI, Asia accounts for 37 percent of liberal education programs outside the United States.”
171 Debra Humphreys, “New Report Documents That Liberal Arts Disciplines Prepare Graduates for Long-Term Professional Success,” Association of American Colleges & Universities, January 22, 2014.
172 Jamienne Studley, “Are Liberal Arts Dead,?” no date, posted at http://www.careersandcolleges.com
173 Ray Williams, “Why a Liberal Arts Education Can Best Prepare Business Leaders,” Financial Post, March 17, 2010.
174 Ibid.
175 Ibid.
176 George Anders, “That 'Useless' Liberal Arts Degree Has Become Tech's Hottest Ticket,” Forbes, July 29, 2015.
177 Paul Boyer, College Rankings Exposed: The Art of Getting a Quality Education in the 21st Century, Lawrenceville, NJ: Peterson’s 2003, p. 102.
178 James Engell, Gurney Professor of English and Professor of Comparative Literature, posted on Harvard University’s web site at http://admissions.college.harvard.edu/about/learning/liberal_arts.html
179 George Anders, “That 'Useless' Liberal Arts Degree Has Become Tech's Hottest Ticket,” 2015.
180 Edward J. Ray, “The Value of a Liberal Arts Education in Today's Global Marketplace,” Huffington Post, September 23, 2013.
181 Carol Hymowitz, “Any College Will Do,” Wall Street Journal, September 18, 2006.
182 Louis Lavelle, “Accidental Moguls: College Majors of Top CEOs,” Bloomberg BusinessWeek, May 17, 2010.
183 Ibid.
184 “New Survey of CEOs' Alma Maters Highlights Role of IU in Producing Corporate Leaders,” Indiana University Press release dated June 2, 2010.
185 Daniel Drolet, “Philosophy’s Makeover: Why Job Prospects for Philosophy Grads Are Brightening,” University Affairs, November 3, 2008.
186 Jamienne Studley, “Are Liberal Arts Dead,?” no date, posted at http://www.careersandcolleges.com
187 The University of Glasgow Story, Biography of Adam Smith.
188 Ryan Derousseau, “The MBA Degree and the Astronomical Rise in CEO Pay,” Fortune, December 18, 2014.
189 Ryan Dezember and Lindsay Gellman, “Do Buyout Kings Need M.B.A.s?, The Wall Street Journal, June 3, 2015.
190 “Is The MBA Overrated,?” Bloomberg Business, March 19, 2006.
191 David Skorton, et al., “Does your Major Matter?,” Forbes, October 29, 2012.
192 Julie Rovner, “A Top Medical School Revamps Requirements to Lure English Majors,” NPR, May 27, 2015.
193 American Bar Association web site (accessed July 22, 2015).
194 David Skorton, et al., “Does your Major Matter?,” 2012.
195 Stacey Patton, “The Ph.D. Now Comes with Food Stamps,” The Chronicle of Higher Education, May 6, 2012.
196 NPR Staff, “Why So Many Ph.D.s Are on Food Stamps,” NPR, May 15, 2012.
197 “Are There Too Many PhDs and Not Enough Jobs?” NPR, March 10, 2013.
198 Ken Jacobs, Ian Perry, and Jenifer MacGillvary, “The High Public Cost of Low Wages Poverty-Level Wages Cost U.S. Taxpayers $152.8 Billion Each Year in Public Support for Working Families,” University of California at Berkeley Center for Labor Research and Education, April 2015. Also see Patricia Cohen, “Working, but Needing Public Assistance Anyway,” The New York Times, April 12, 2015.
199 Daniel Luzer, “Why Law School Doesn’t Work Anymore,” Washington Monthly, March 14, 2013.
200 Jim Saksa, “You Can Do Anything with a Law Degree,” Slate, May 14, 2014.
201 David Unze, “Classes Done, Law School Grads Work at Finding a Job,” SCTimes, July 21, 2014.