PULP FICTION
INSTAGRAM.COM/PAPER_CARRIZALES
The term “paper mâché” brings up fond
memories of youthful summer camp projects
—strips of newspaper dipped in paste, layered
on top of a balloon, face, or cardboard model,
then left to harden and be painted. Those
resulting oblong balls, lumpy masks, and
indeterminate piñatas should be familiar to us all.
The centuries-old medium isn’t well known
for its finer art aspects, but there are some
creators out there making pieces of respectable
quality, often geared toward youngsters.
And then there’s Jalisco, Mexico-based
Fernando Pérez Carrizales, who uses paper
mâché to create studio-quality renditions of
fantasy and sci-fi creatures and elements.
His pieces range from small and detailed to
immense and intimidating; a full-scale Pale
Man from Guillermo Del Toro’s Pan’s Labyrinth
and a wall-sized face of a Rancor jump out in
particular. There are a lot of familiar images
and mashups; his inspiration, however, comes
from history and heritage. “We all grew up with
monsters around us in cartoons, movies, books,”
Carrizales says. “The stories our grandmothers
told us always include fantastic beings. And
in the case of Mexico’s pre-Hispanic culture,
it’s full of monsters and warrior eagles and
jaguars. If we add Día De Los Muertos, it’s hard
not to incorporate fantasy into sculptures.”
Carrizales followed his brother in making
art, but stepped away from it for a period until
a tragedy brought him back. “My daughter died
when I was 21, so I took up sculpture as a form
of therapy,” he says. “It was my refuge!” He
and his brother are now giving art classes and
workshops to local kids and parents alike.
“I have used materials like modeling clay,
wax, epoxy, resins, foam rubber — and I always
end up going back to paper,” Carrizales says.
“It can be carved like wood, shaped like clay; it
can be applied in casting molds, allowing you to
combine many techniques. Furthermore you can
find it anywhere, often discarded, making it an
underestimated raw material.” —Mike Senese
Fernando Carrizales, Mike Senese
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14 make.co
MADE ON EARTH
The video zooms in on what looks like a standard
power outlet wall plate. Then a hand reaches into
frame and opens the outlet like a tiny doorway to
reveal a detailed miniature living space replete
with illuminated desktop computer, microwave,
blinking router lights, mini-mini fridge, and
everything else you’d expect to find in an efficient
workspace, just at a microscopic size.
Laboring over three months, artist Mozu (aka
Mizukoshi Kiyotaka) used plastic boards, LED
lights, wood, and more to make his Miniature
Secret Base Inside an Outlet. The most difficult
part, he says, was making the blinking LEDs for
the Wi-Fi router. Living in Tokyo, Japan, Mozu has
been creating miniature models since he was 16
years old. It’s an ongoing childhood dream of his,
and one that he’s had commercial success with
as well. He made background miniatures for the
adorable stop-motion animation Rilakkuma and
Kaoru on Netflix, and recently started his own
design studio (mozustudios.com).
The magic of his tiny, hidden office isn’t just
that the scene is so small, it’s how much the
space looks lived in. The RCA plugs from the
video game system are connected to the front
of the TV because plugging into the back is a
pain; the slight curl of the calendar on the wall
suggests a person who regularly looks ahead at
upcoming events.
At one point I had forgotten that I had the video
open in a browser tab, and when I clicked back I
legitimately thought another video of a real office
had started autoplaying. But nope — it was still
Mozu’s tiny world. It’s that good. —Craig Couden
SMALL-SCALE SPACE TWITTER.COM/ROKUBUNNNOICHI
Mozu Studios
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FIX OUR PLANET
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Nation
16 make.co
HOW WE’LL REMAKE AMERICA’S NATIONAL
INFRASTRUCTURE TO ELECTRIFY EVERYTHING
Written by Dr. Saul Griffith
DR. SAUL GRIFFITH
is founder and principal
scientist at Otherlab, an
independent R&D lab,
where he focuses on
engineering solutions for a clean energy,
net-zero carbon economy. Occasionally
making some pretty cool robots too. Saul
got his PhD from MIT, and is a founder
or co-founder of makanipower.com,
sunfolding.com, voluteinc.com, treau.cool,
departmentof.energy, materialcomforts.
com, howtoons.com, and more. Saul was
named a MacArthur Fellow in 2007.
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I’m a scientist, engineer, inventor, and father
who is passionate about my kids being able
to live in a clean world and feel the sense of
awe in nature that I’ve been lucky to enjoy.
I’m in this fight with all I’ve got, including a lot of
data that convinces me that it’s rational to have
hope — that we can win big against this climate
emergency.
And if we win — when we win, because there is
no other option — we’ll be much better off than
before. When we replace fossil fuels with clean
electricity, we’ll not only have a better future for
our kids, we’ll create new jobs and remain the
economic powerhouse that we are today.
Billionaires might dream of escaping to Mars.
The rest of us, frankly, have to stay and fight.
It’s a climate emergency. Break the glass.
What’s the Clean Energy
Infrastructure We Need?
In short, to electrify everything, we’ll need about
three times the amount of electricity that we
currently produce.
Today, the U.S. grid delivers 450GW (gigawatts)
of electricity. If we electrify nearly everything,
we’ll need about 1500GW, or 1.5TW (terawatts).
That’s a lot. That means on this path to
decarbonization we’ll need more than 3 times as
much electricity. How do we get there?
Today we can produce electricity at remarkably
low costs, but the costs of distributing that
electricity remain high. In the U.S., the average
cost of grid electricity is 13 cents per kilowatt-
hour (¢/kWh). Amazingly, more than half of this
is the cost of transmission and distribution:
7.8¢/kWh. In contrast, rooftop solar in Australia
provides electricity to the customer at just 6–7¢/
kWh total.
That should seem shocking, and let’s reflect
upon it for a moment. Locally generated
electricity, because it nearly eliminates
transmission and distribution costs, will likely
always be less expensive than any centrally
generated power source. The cheapest energy
in the future will likely come from your solar
roof, and we should generate as much of it as
possible. In addition to homes we should look to
the roofs of commercial buildings and solar cells
over parking lots to increase the local generation
capacity and keep our costs as low as possible.
The total amount of electricity we need,
however, is more than can fit on all of our
rooftops and parking spaces.So we’ll also
need a significantly expanded electrical grid to
supplement local generation with electricity
generated in large centralized facilities.It will
supply electricity to places that need it from
other places where the sun is shining or the
wind is blowing or the reactors are reacting. It
will have microgrids and household grids and
neighborhood grids and a giant grid to connect
them all together.This “energy internet” will
keep transmission and distribution costs as low
as possible while balancing supply and demand.
The exact details will vary geographically: by
local population density (urban vs. suburban
vs. rural), by climatic region (hot vs. cold vs.
temperate), and by resource availability (sunny
vs. windy vs. soggy places that can generate
hydroelectricity). Places with lower density,
mild climates, and good solar resources (like
Australia, California, New Mexico, and Texas) can
almost completely solve the challenge with well-
managed solar alone.
Multi-story dwellers in New England, however,
have too small a roof and too cold a winter for this
solution. High-density populations (in any climate)
will probably need to lean more heavily on nuclear
power or some other imported energy, which
could be long-distance electricity transmission,
renewably generated hydrogen, or biofuels.
In any case, the fastest, most easily scalable
way to zero emissions is through electrification.
To solve the climate emergency, we need to get
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