Appendix B

Summary of Research

The following table summarises a small selection of research into the impacts of practicing mindfulness.

Research paper

Summary

Dane E, 2010. Paying Attention to Mindfulness and its effect on Task Performance in the Workplace. Journal of Management 37(4), 997-1018.

This research into mindfulness in a work context suggests that mindfulness widens your attentional breadth’, allowing you to be aware of a lot of things simultaneously.

Dane E, Brummel BJ ,2013. Examining workplace mindfulness and its relations to job performance and turnover intention. Human Relations

This research conducted in a dynamic the service Industry environment suggests workplace mindfulness improves job performance and reduces staff turnover.

Ostafin BD & Kassman KT, 2012. Stepping out of History: Mindfulness improves insight problem solving. Consciousness and cognition, 4(5).

Researchers studied the impact of mindfulness in problem solving. The findings are the first to document a direct relation between mindfulness and increased creativity.

Reb J, Narayanan J, & Chaturvedi S, 2012. Leading mindfully: Two studies of the influence of supervisor trait mindfulness on employee well-being and performance. Mindfulness.

This research examines the influence of leaders’ mindfulness on employee well-being and performance. Mindfulness training reduced employee emotional exhaustion and increased employee work–life balance. It improved employee performance and staff engagement. It improved job satisfaction and overall job performance.

Reb J, Narayanan, J, & Ho ZW, 2013. Mindfulness at Work: Antecedents and Consequences of Employee Awareness and Absent-mindedness. Mindfulness, forthcoming.

Using two samples, the study suggests that mindfulness improves employee well-being, job satisfaction, and job performance.

Zhang J, Ding W, Li Y, & Wu C, 2013. Task complexity matters: The influence of trait mindfulness on task and safety performance of nuclear power plant operators. Personality and Individual Differences 55, 433-439.

This study involving 136 Chinese nuclear power plant operators concluded that people who practice mindfulness are more likely to maintain an open and present-focused awareness and attention.

Davidson, R.J., Kabat-Zinn, J., Schumacher, J., et al. (2003) Alterations in brain and immune function produced by mindfulness meditation. Psychosomatic Medicine, 65, 564–570

This research involved employees at a biotech company who had their brains scanned to investigate the effects of mindfulness training on their brain. The study showed significant increases in left Prefrontal Cortex activation, an area of the brain associated with approach mode of mind. They also found significant increases in immunity. The course resulted in participants feeling more positive, more energetic, more engaged in their work and less stressed.

Stanley and Jha (2009) Mind fitness: Improving operational effectiveness and building warrior resilience. Joint Force Quarterly, 55, 144-151.

31 US Marines took part in 8 weeks of mindfulness based mind fitness. The research suggests mindfulness training improves well-being, and reduces negativity and rumination. It also reduces emotional reactivity.

Bostoket et al (2013) Can finding headspace reduce work stress? Randomised controlled workplace trial of mindfulness app. Psychosomatic Medicine 75 (3) A36-A37

120 employees used a self-administered mindfulness training app 45 day programme of 10-20 minutes practice. This resulted in significant improvements in job control, reduced anxiety and depression.

Beckman, H. B., Wendland, M., Mooney, C., Krasner, M. S., et al. (2012). The impact of a program in mindful communication on primary care physicians. Academic Medicine, 87(6), 1-5.

This research conducted on physicians suggests that training in mindfulness can significantly reduce exhaustion and burnout experienced by many physicians and can improve their well-being and empathy with others.

Smith et al (2011) Mindfulness is associated with fewer PTSD symptoms… In urban fire-fighters. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 79(5) 613-617

This research involved 124 fire fighters who were taught mindfulness. It suggests that mindfulness reduced PTSD, and depression, and increases well-being and resilience.

Limm, H., Gundel, H., Heinmuller, M., Marten-Mittag, B., Nater, U. M.,Siegrist, J., & Angerer, P. (2011). Stress management interventions in the workplace improve stress reactivity: A randomized controlled trial. Occupational and Environmental Medicine, 68, 126 –133. doi:10.1136/oem.2009.054148174

This study involved lower or middle management employees. It suggests that mindfulness can decrease stress reactivity and sympathetic nervous system (fight or flight) activation.

Hölzel, B.K., Carmody, J., Vangel, M., Congleton, C., Yerramsetti, S.M., Gard, T., and Lazar, S.W. (2011) Mindfulness practice leads to increases in regional brain grey matter density. Psychiatry Resource 2011 2011 Jan 30;191(1):36-43. Epub 2010 Nov 10.

This research involved scanning the brains of participants of an 8-week mindfulness training course. Results included changes in participant’s brain areas that are associated with attention, learning and memory processes, emotion regulation and perspective taking.

Gaëlle Desbordes, Lobsang T. Negi, Thaddeus W. W. Pace, B. Alan Wallace, Charles L. Raison and Eric L. Schwartz (2012) Effects of mindful-attention and compassion meditation training on amygdala response to emotional stimuli in an ordinary, non-meditative state

A 2102 Massachusetts General Hospital study showed that eight weeks of mindfulness training shrunk the amygdala, the portion of the brain modulating response to fear and stress. These effects continued even when not actively practising mindfulness.

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