Mail Services Files and Programs

Files for the mail service are located in three directories: /bin, /etc/mail, and /usr/lib. Users' mailboxes are located in the /var/mail directory. Table 7 lists the mail services programs.

Table 7. The Components of Mail Services
Command or File Description
$OPENWINHOME/bin/mailtool MUA.
.sendmailvars.org_dir NIS+ version of sendmailvars table.
/etc/default/sendmail Store options used to start sendmail. This command is new in the Solaris 8 release. In previous releases, sendmail options were added to the init script. Because you no longer need to edit init scripts to add sendmail options, upgrading systems is easier. See Chapter 2, “Customizing sendmail Configuration Files” for more information.
/etc/mail/aliases Mail-forwarding information.
/etc/mail/main.cf Sample configuration file for main systems.
/etc/mail/sendmail.cf Configuration file for mail routing.
/etc/mail/sendmail.subsidiary.cf Sample configuration file for subsidiary systems.
/etc/mail/sendmailvars Table that stores macro and class definitions for lookup from sendmail.cf file.
/usr/bin/mail MUA.
/usr/bin/mailq Symbolic link to /usr/lib/sendmail that is used to print the headers of messages in the mail queue.
/usr/bin/mailstats File that stores mail statistics generated by sendmail into /etc/mail/sendmail.st (if present).
/usr/bin/mailx MUA.
/usr/bin/mconnect Connect to the mailer for address verification and debugging.
/usr/bin/newaliases Symbolic link to /usr/lib/sendmail that is used to rebuild the database for the mail aliases file.
/usr/bin/praliases Display aliases in the /etc/mail/aliases file as key:value pairs. You can also specify an argument on the command line to display a matching key:value pair.
/usr/dt/bin/dtmail CDE window-based MUA.
/usr/dt/bin/dtmaillpr CDE electronic mail messaged print filter.
/usr/lib/mail.local Delivery agent that delivers mail to mailboxes.
/usr/lib/sendmail MTA.
/usr/lib/smrsh Limit the number of commands that can be used to run the "|program" syntax of sendmail. This freeware sendmail restricted shell is new in the Solaris 8 release.
/usr/sbin/in.comsat Mail notification daemon.
/usr/sbin/syslogd Daemon that implements the UNIX logging subsystem. sendmail sends logging information to this subsystem.

NOTE

Sites that used DNS with older releases of Solaris used the /usr/lib/sendmail.mx file to access mail exchange records. In the Solaris 8 release, this functionality is included in sendmail, and the /usr/lib/sendmail.mx file has been removed. You can configure the DNS nameservice with the /etc/nsswitch.conf file.


With sendmail version 8.9.3, you can use the /etc/mail directory to store tables that you activate with various m4 FEATURE macros.

You can create tables such as the following.

  • /etc/mail/genericstable

  • /etc/mail/mailertable

  • /etc/mail/virtusertable

  • /etc/mail/userdb

For example, to reference the /etc/mail/mailertable map, you include the following line in your .mc file.

FEATURE(`mailertable', `hash -o /etc/mail/mailertable')dnl

See http://www.sendmail.org/m4/cf-readme.txt and Chapter 2, “Customizing sendmail Configuration Files” for more information on the purpose of each of these files.

Table 8 shows the contents of the /usr/lib/mail directory. These subdirectories are used with sendmail version 8.9.3 to customize and “compile” the sendmail configuration file. Refer to Chapter 2, “Customizing sendmail Configuration Files” for more information.

Table 8. Contents of the /usr/lib/mail Directory
Directory Description
m4 General support routines. These very important routines process .mc files so that they can be used as configuration files. Do not change these routines without very careful consideration.
cf Configuration files. The files have .mc suffixes, and must be processed with the m4 macro processor to be complete. The resulting output has a .cf suffix.
ostype Definitions describing a particular operating system type. Use the OSTYPE macro in the .mc file to reference operating system types. Examples include "bsd4.3", "bsd4.4", "sunos3.5", and "sunos4.1".
domain Definitions describing a particular domain. Use the DOMAIN macro in the .mc file to reference domains. Domain definitions are site dependent; for example, "CS.Berkeley.EDU.m4" describes hosts in the CS.Berkeley.EDU subdomain.
mailer Descriptions of mailers. Use the MAILER macro in the .mc file to reference mailer descriptions.
sh Shell scripts used when building the .cf file from the .mc file in the cf subdirectory.
feature Special features that you might want to include. Use the FEATURE macro to reference special features.

Table 9 shows the contents of the /bin directory that are used for mail services.

Table 9. Contents of the /bin Directory That Are Used for Mail
Name Type Description
mail File A mail user agent.
mailcompat File A filter to store mail in SunOS 4.x mailbox format.
mailq Link Link to /usr/lib/sendmail.
mailstats File Mail statistics generated by the /etc/mail/sendmail.st file (if present).
mailx File A mail user agent.
newaliases Link Link to /usr/lib/sendmail that is used to rebuild the database for the mail aliases file.

Table 10 shows the contents of the /etc/mail directory.

Table 10. Contents of the /etc/mail Directory
Name Type Description
Mail.rc File Default settings for the mailtool user agent.
aliases File Mail-forwarding information.
aliases.dir File Binary form of mail-forwarding information (created by running newaliases).
aliases.pag File Binary form of mail-forwarding information (created by running newaliases).
mailx.rc File Default settings for the mailx user agent.
main.cf File Sample configuration file for main systems.
sendmail.cf File Configuration file for mail routing.
sendmail.hf File Help file used by the SMTP HELP command.
sendmail.pid File File containing the /usr/lib/sendmail -b -q1h command.
sendmail.st File The sendmail statistics file. (If this file is present, sendmail logs the amount of traffic through each mailer.)
sendmailvars File Table that stores macro and class definitions for lookup from sendmail.cf.
sendmailvars. org_dir Table NIS+ version of sendmailvars table.
subsidiary.cf File Sample configuration file for subsidiary systems.

Table 11 shows the mail files in the /usr/lib directory.

Table 11. Mail Files in the /usr/lib Directory
Name Description
mail.local Mailer that delivers mail to mailboxes.
sendmail The routing program, also known as the mail transport agent.

Spooling directories for delivered mail are located in the /var/mail directory, as shown in Table 12. Mail that has not been delivered is stored in the /var/spool/mqueue directory.

Table 12. Contents of the /var/mail Directory
Name Type Description
mailbox1 File Mailboxes for delivered mail.
mailbox2 File Mailboxes for delivered mail.
mailbox3 File Mailboxes for delivered mail.

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