Figure 1.1 SPC adds value to business processes
Figure 2.1 Results of rules 1 and 2 of Deming’s funnel experiment
Figure 3.1 General form of the control chart
Figure 3.2 Normal distribution
Figure 3.3 Normal distribution tipped on its side
Figure 3.4 Control chart for individuals
Figure 3.5 Data entry and histogram using Minitab 18
Figure 3.6 Control chart for individuals for tons of coal per week
Figure 3.7 Screen for selecting pattern rules in NWA Quality Analyst 6.3
Figure 3.8 Process out of control—one point beyond UCL
Figure 3.9 Process out of control—eight points on falling trend
Figure 3.10 Process out of control—eight points above CL
Figure 3.11 Process out of control—zone rules
Figure 3.12 Pilot implementation control chart
Figure 3.13 Action plan for responding to an out-of-control signal
Figure 4.1 Run chart for PMI data
Figure 4.2 Individual and moving range (MR) charts for PMI data
Figure 4.3 Individual and moving range (MR) charts for PMI data with additional data
Figure 4.4 Why the x-bar control chart needs a companion control chart for variation
Figure 4.5 The x-bar control chart with its companion R-control chart
Figure 4.7 x-bar and R-charts for data in Table 4.1
Figure 4.8 x-bar and s-charts for samples consisting of 12 units
Figure 4.9 Basic variables control chart selection guide
Figure 5.1 Mixed model production
Figure 5.2 Equal variances but different targets
Figure 5.4 EWMA charts using the same data but different weighting factors
Figure 5.5 X-bar control chart with unequal sample size
Figure 5.6 Comprehensive variables control chart selection guide
Figure 6.2 p-chart for labeling operation proportion defective per hour
Figure 6.3 Trial p- and np-charts using the same data
Figure 6.4 Automotive paint finish inspection c-chart
Figure 6.5 Coating defect u-chart
Figure 6.6 Attribute control chart selection guide
Figure 7.1 In control, but not capable (A)
Figure 7.2 In control, but not capable (B)
Figure 7.3 Improving process capability
Figure 7.4 State of control and capability analysis using data in Table 7.2
Figure 7.5 Cpk, Cpl, and Cpu—Process not centered on target value
Figure 7.6 Process improvement through shifting of the mean
Figure 7.7 Improving Cpm through process centering
Figure 7.8 Package preparation times modeled using the normal distribution
Figure 7.9 Package preparation times modeled using the Weibull distribution
Figure 8.1 Typical survey response scale
Figure 8.2 p-chart for survey data
Figure 8.3 p-chart for stockout data
Figure A.1 Frequency histogram for data C1
Figure A.2 Frequency histogram for data Set C1 with normal curve fitted
Figure A.3 The normal distribution with standard deviations shown
Figure A.4 Sample statistics versus process statistics
Figure A.5 Mean and standard deviation comparison—individuals versus sample means
Figure B.1 Screen shot of Minitab® 18: Showing data entry, pull down menu, and control chart
Figure B.2 Screen shot of NWA Quality Analyst 6.3: Showing data entry, pull down menu, and control chart