Index

‘Note: Page numbers followed by “f” indicate figures, “t” indicate tables.’
A
Abnormal conditions, 324
input transients, 345–347
output overload, 343–344
overvoltage protection, 348–349
transient suppressors, 347–348, 347f
turn-on and turn-off, 349–350, 350f
Absorption losses, shielding effectiveness determinants, 385, 386f
AC circuits, 151
AC parameters
comparators, 245–247
advantages of active low, 246, 247f
load impedance, 246, 246f
overdrive, 245–246, 245f
pulse timing error, 246–247, 247f
op-amp, 222, 222f
Accelerators, thermal stresses, 85
Achilles heel of IGBT, 205–206
Acrylics, 87–88
Active components
bipolar transistors, 181–189
diodes, 161–175
IGBTs, 203–206
JFETs, 189–194
MOSFETs, 194–203
thyristors and triacs, 175–181
wide band gap devices, 206–208
Advanced circuit protection, 364, 364f
Air cooling, heatsinks, 82
Aliasing, 295, 296f
Alkaline manganese dioxide, 357
Alternators, automotive transients, 369–370, 371f
Altitudes, air cooling, 433
Alumina, 95–97
Aluminum
conductivity of, 5–6
electrical connections to aluminum, 6f
of metals, 7t
other materials, 6
electrolytic, 128
housings, 98
Aluminum oxide (Al2O3), 5–6, 125
American mains cables, 27
American supply voltage, 326
American Wire Gauge (AWG), 25t–26t, 32–33
Ampere-hours (Ah), 354
Amplifier noise, 235–237
op-amp noise model, 235f
standard op-amp inverting amplifier, 235f
Amplifiers, 11–14, 13f, 111, 182, 190
high input impedance, 86, 193
input signal ground, 11–14, 13f
Amplitude modulation transmitters (AM transmitters), 368, 372
Analog circuits, 383
Analog ICs, 239
Analog integrated circuits
circuit modeling, 256–257
comparators, 244–252
ideal op-amp, 211–212
practical op-amp, 212–244
voltage references, 252–256
Analog switches, 192, 192f
Analogue to digital conversion, 311–317
digitization, 313–317, 314f
example, 315–317
quantization noise, 316f
Analogue to digital converters (ADCs), 272, 272t
conversion methods, 291
counting, 318, 318f
dual-slope, 319, 319f
flash, 317, 318f
limits on A-D/D-A conversion, 294–295
relationship between SNR, order, and oversampling ratio, 320f
sigma-delta modulators, 319–320, 320f
successive approximation, 318–319, 319f
types, 317–320
Analogue-switch applications, JFETs, 191–193, 216
Apertures, shielding effectiveness determinants, 385–388, 387f
Application-specific ICs (ASICs), 261–262
Arrhenius equation, 422
Artwork, 88–90
using bureau, 89
disadvantages of bureau, 89–90
Assembler language, 297
Astable Watchdog, 300, 300f
AT-cut
crystal, 151–152
frequency/temperature curves, 155, 156f
Attenuation, 31
Audio cables, coaxial cables, 31–32
Austenitic stainless steel, 355
Australasia, EMC legislation and standards, 373
Automatic current-limiter, 330
Automatic test equipment (ATE), 409, 413–414
Automotive transients, 369–370, 371f
Availability, 55, 240–242
dual packages, 242
industry standards, 241–242
quad packages, 242
“Average” tolerance, 104
Averaging techniques, input data validation and averaging protection techniques, 306–307
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3.19.27.178