Index
Note: Page numbers in italics indicate figures and tables.
- Adidas, 68
- agricultural industry
- Air Company, 152
- Akzo Nobel, 165
- algae, 77, 145–46
- Amazon, 35
- American Indian Higher Education Consortium, 32
- American Refurbished Medical Devices Association, 137
- ammonia solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), 147
- Anastas, Paul, 9, 11–13, 23, 39, 42, 44, 63, 95, 146, 163
- anesthesia, sustainable, 134–36
- Apple, 41
- Association of Medical Device Reprocessors, 138
- Astaxanthin, 145–46
- atom economy, 43, 82–83, 83, 179
- automobile industry, 1–2, 4, 113, 122, 125–26
- Bader, Christine, 35
- Benedetto, Stephanie, 41
- Benyus, Janine, 115–16
- Bhatnagar, Urvashi, 9–11, 13
- bioaccumulation, 50, 78–79
- bio-based nylon, 150
- bioconcentration, 79
- biofuels, 39, 72, 77, 145, 161
- biological inputs, 49
- biological system-based design, 115–16, 117, 118, 118
- biomagnification, 79
- biomimicry, 115–16
- Biomimicry (Benyus), 115
- Biomimicry Institute, 115
- biopharmaceutical industry, 69–70, 120
- Bosch, Carl, 146
- Bradshaw, Eric, 159
- Buckman Industries, 75
- businesses. See organizations
- Capitalism and Freedom (Friedman), 35
- carbon dioxide
- ammonia solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC) and, 147
- automobile industry and, 122
- cement industry and, 31–32
- feedstocks and, 152
- food waste and, 147
- healthcare industry and, 135
- heavy industry and, 3
- historical emissions, 65
- oil extraction from algae and, 145–46
- plastics and, 29
- reduction of emissions, 74
- sequestration of, 65
- supercritical carbon and, 77, 145
- vodka production and, 8, 152
- Carelli, Bob, 105, 107, 110
- cement, 30–34
- Center for Green Chemistry and Green Engineering, 23
- Changewater Labs, 116
- Changing Business from the Inside Out (Mohin), 41
- chemical body burden, 78–79
- chemical fuel cells, 149
- chemical plants, 47–49, 71–72
- chemicals. See also green chemistry accident risks, 75, 96-97
- bioaccumulation and, 50, 78
- biodegradable formulations and, 169, 184
- endocrine-disrupting, 132–33, 169, 182
- e-waste and, 63
- exposure to toxic, 48, 50, 63, 71, 78–80
- forever, 67, 81, 85, 174
- higher dilution rates, 183
- high-risk processes, 99
- life-cycle assessment (LCA), 125
- persistence of organic, 78
- pollution and, 40
- private-label sales, 166
- reengineering safer, 125
- synthetic, 50
- chief sustainability officer (CSO), 44–45
- Citropol® H, 185, 189
- clean-energy movement, 40
- clean fuel, 144–46
- cleaning products. See also Sustainable Earth®
- chemical-related injuries and sickness, 162–63, 182–83
- green chemistry and, 161–63, 168
- market competition and, 166
- packaging innovation and, 179
- renewable inputs, 169
- safe degradation, 169
- stakeholder engagement and, 164–65
- supplier collaboration and, 164–65, 168
- waste prevention and, 169
- water conservation and, 182
- climate change
- climate economics, 8–9, 170
- closed-loop systems
- clothing recycling, 38–39
- Coastwide Laboratories
- biodegradable chemicals and, 184
- customer feedback and, 165
- economy of space, 71
- lowest in-use cost and, 163
- maximizing efficiency and performance, 180-81, 182, 182
- packaging innovation and, 164, 179
- private-label sales, 166
- renewable inputs, 183-84, 185
- safe cleaning products and, 161–63, 165, 168–70, 182–83
- safe degradation, 185
- scaling sustainability and, 166–67
- stakeholder engagement and, 164
- supplier collaboration and, 164–67
- Sustainability Scorecards, 177–85
- waste prevention, 178, 179
- consumer packaged goods (CPG), 154
- consumption efficiency, 72
- Corporate Express, 165
- corporate social responsibility (CSR), 41
- corporate strategy
- Cort, Todd, 113
- COVID-19, 120, 153
- Crabtree, Robert, 146
- Cradle to Cradle Innovation Institute, 120
- customer acquisition cost, 36, 68, 143
- customer lifetime value, 68, 142–43
- Darden Business Publishing, 182–83
- design flaws, 4–6, 33–34
- Design for the Environment (DfE), 162
- durability, 67–68
- EcoDesign, 108
- Eco-fill, 67
- Eco-Heroes, 108
- economic activities
- economy of space, 18, 54–55, 70–71
- economy of waste, 18, 54
- e-factor, 46
- electronics, 4, 40, 63–65, 104. See also e-waste; microchip production
- endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), 132–33, 169, 182
- energy
- carbon emissions and, 3, 74
- clean-energy movement, 40
- governance and regulation, 73
- hybrid systems, 77
- manufacturing processes and, 28–29, 32
- material efficiency and, 71–72
- net-zero performance and, 158–59
- nexus energy efficiency, 72–74
- public-private partnerships and, 73
- renewable inputs, 21, 49, 59, 159, 161
- solar, 39–40, 157
- waste prevention and, 46
- Environmental Agency of Iceland, 3
- environmental and social governance (ESG), 35, 53, 141–42, 172
- environmental impact quotient (EIQ), 62
- Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 12, 32, 42–43, 75, 79, 95, 162, 168
- environmental quotient index (EQI), 169
- ESG. See environmental and social governance (ESG)
- Esty, Daniel, 156
- ethanol, 39, 144–45
- Evans, Jim 162
- Evolution of a Corporate Idealist, The (Bader), 35
- e-waste
- exposure scenarios, 79–81
- Exxon Mobil, 145
- farm-to-table supply chains, 23, 41, 153, 156–60
- fashion industry, 39, 41
- Ferrock, 31–33
- fertilizer, 84, 146–47
- F-factor ratings, 84–85, 173
- food insecurity, 148
- food waste, 147–49
- Ford, Henry, 1–2, 4, 31, 129
- Ford Motor Company, 113
- fossil fuels, 29, 63, 73, 77, 145, 154
- Four Principles for Managing and Scaling Sustainability, 7, 44–45, 51, 104
- Friedman, Milton, 34–35
- fuel efficiency, 1–2, 72
- full-cost accounting, 66, 106
- Galvin, Bob, 93
- Gates, Bill, 145
- Gates Foundation, 118
- Global Reporting Institute, 41
- graveyard effects, 64
- green chemistry
- awareness of, 29–30
- biodegradable chemicals and, 184
- chemical plants and, 49
- cleaning products and, 161–63, 168
- decarbonization and, 43
- development of, 11–12
- healthcare industry and, 134–37
- multinational adoption of, 43
- paint coatings industry and, 139–40
- principles of, 12–13, 42–44
- private-label sales, 162
- supply chains and, 133, 163
- unexpected solutions and, 43–44, 49
- Green Chemistry Challenge, 42–43
- greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions anesthetic gases and, 135–36
- green products, 15, 17, 30, 107–8, 162
- Gregersen, Hal, 119
- Gross, Trent, 105
- Gundersen Health Systems, 102, 157–61, 169–70
- Haber, Fitz, 146
- Haber-Bosch process, 146
- Hawken, Paul, 125
- hazard management, 92
- hazardous chemicals, 40, 43, 45–46, 50
- healthcare industry
- closed-loop systems and, 10–11
- COVID-19 and, 120
- drug administration process, 135–36
- energy efficiency and, 158–61, 170
- green chemistry and, 134–37
- greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and, 4, 135–37
- high costs of care, 119–20
- reusable devices and equipment, 138–39
- single-use medical device refurbishment, 137–38
- sustainability and, 10–11, 134–39
- sustainable anesthesia, 134–37
- sustainable cleaning products and, 162
- waste recovery process, 109, 136
- Hopf, Harriet, 134–37
- human waste disposal, 116, 118
- hybrid energy systems, 77
- IBM Institute for Business Value, 155
- Iceland, 2–3
- Industrial Revolution, 5, 7
- industries. See also healthcare industry
- agricultural technology, 143–44
- automobile, 1–2, 4, 113, 125–26
- carbon dioxide conversion and, 152–53
- cement, 30–33
- clean fuel, 144–46
- environmental impact of, 3, 5
- e-waste, 150–52
- fashion, 39, 41
- fertilizer, 146–47
- high-risk processes, 97-99
- janitorial, 162–66
- medical devices, 137
- nylon, 150
- oil and gas, 130
- paint coatings, 139–40
- plastics, 28–30, 124
- waste management, 147–49
- Inherent Safety at Chemical Sites (Anastas), 95
- inherent sustainability, 95
- Initiate and Develop Stages, 100–103
- innovation
- agricultural technology and, 143–44
- bio-based nylon and, 150
- clean fuel and, 144–46
- consumer cost and, 163, 165
- environmental and social governance (ESG), 141–42
- e-waste and, 150–52
- fertilizer and, 146–47
- funding for, 168
- greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and, 152–53
- large firms and, 23
- redesign of current systems and, 36
- start-ups and, 142–43
- status quo bias and, 33–34
- sustainability and, 7–8, 15, 63, 66
- waste management and, 147–49
- Innovative Health, 139
- insecticides, 143–44
- IronKast, 32
- iThrone, 116, 118
- Jobs, Steve, 129
- Kennedy, John F., 156–57
- key performance indicators (KPIs)
- Kletz, Trevor, 75
- Koninklijke Philips N.V. See Philips N.V.
- life-cycle assessment (LCA)
- lithium-ion batteries, 150–52
- Macarthur Foundation, 124
- manufacturing processes
- automobile industry, 125–26
- carbon dioxide and, 3
- closed-loop systems, 46
- design flaws in, 4–6
- economy of space, 70–71
- energy use and, 28–29, 32
- environmental impact of, 4–5
- graveyard effects, 64
- life-cycle assessment (LCA), 64
- material inputs and, 125
- maximizing efficiency and performance, 47–48
- microchip production and, 4, 63–65, 104
- plastics and, 28–29
- waste generation and, 46
- Martilla, John, 162
- material efficiency, 71–72
- mature stage firms
- maximizing efficiency and performance
- environmental health benefits, 71–72
- environmental health metrics, 19, 56–57
- goals of, 47–49
- human health metrics, 20, 57–58
- material efficiency, 19, 56, 71–72
- nexus thinking, 72–74
- operations process and, 47–48
- resilient and safe supply chains, 74–75, 76
- site safety and, 48–49
- Sustainable Earth products and, 169
- McFadden, Roger, 68, 71, 162–65
- medical devices, 137–38
- Merck & Company, 69–70, 120
- microbial fuel cells, 149
- microchip production, 4, 63–65, 104
- Model T, 1–2, 4
- Mohin, Tim, 41
- Motorola, 93, 95
- Mycoworks, 116
- nanotechnology, 63
- Nanyang Technological University, 152
- National Arboretum, 13
- National Retail Federation, 155
- natural resources, 4–5, 72, 144
- New Plastics Economy, The, 124
- nexus energy efficiency, 72–74
- nexus thinking, 72–74, 101–2
- nitrous oxide, 150
- Nixon, Richard, 12
- Novozyme, 165
- nylon, 150
- Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), 92
- oil and gas industry, 30
- Okjokull, 2
- Optimyze, 75, 76
- Organix, 148
- organizations. See also mature stage firms
- change management in, 130
- climate economics and, 8–9, 28
- design flaws in, 5
- disruptive technologies and, 44, 142
- embedded capital and, 44, 130–31
- environmental and social governance (ESG), 13, 35, 53, 172
- financial cushion and, 131
- large, 130–40
- longevity and, 131
- metrics and, 62
- nexus thinking and, 73–74
- plasticizers and, 132–33
- profitability and, 35, 172
- scale and, 131
- social responsibility and, 35–36, 41
- status quo bias and, 33–34, 37
- strategic priorities and, 15
- sustainability and, 9, 12–13, 15–16, 36, 129, 171
- sustainable design and, 7
- unexpected solutions and, 131–32
- P2 Science, Inc.
- packaging, 105, 124, 179
- paint coatings industry, 139–40
- paper and pulp production, 75
- performance, 47–49
- persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity (PBTs), 79–80
- Pfizer, 70
- pharmaceuticals, 70–71, 160
- Philips Excellence Framework, 106
- Philips N.V.
- CEO-led reporting, 112
- customers and, 112
- drawing bigger boundaries, 109
- EcoDesign, 107–8
- Eco-Heroes, 108
- external stakeholders, 110
- full-cost accounting and, 106
- green products and, 108
- internal stakeholders, 111
- maximizing efficiency and performance, 193-95
- partnerships and, 167
- real-time assessment and, 106–9
- refurbished medical devices and, 191
- renewable resources, 196, 196
- safe degradation, 197
- supply chain transparency and, 192
- Sustainability Ambassador program, 111
- sustainability management, 104–5
- Sustainability Scorecards, 192–97
- upcycling and, 191, 195
- value creation and reporting, 107–8
- waste prevention, 192
- photovoltaic cells (PVs), 5, 39–40, 159
- phthalates, 50, 132–33, 169
- pilot programs, 161–63
- plasticizers, 132–33
- plastics
- carbon dioxide and, 29
- cost of goods and, 154
- durability and, 67
- economic activities, 124
- endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) and, 132–33
- environmental impact of, 28, 34, 67, 132–33
- green chemistry and, 133
- manufacturing processes, 28–29
- nylon and, 150
- phthalates in, 50, 132–33
- recycling and, 124
- redefining the problem, 123–24
- sugar- and carbon-based, 29
- sustainability and, 29–30
- take-make-dispose value chain, 124
- toxicity and, 28–29
- upcycling and, 68, 105
- Plastics Industry Association, 28
- Plutarch, 27
- Portland cement, 30–32
- Presidential Green Chemistry Awards, 42, 70
- process excellence index (PEI), 62
- process mass intensity (PMI), 62, 69–70, 169
- product life extension, 68
- Pyrrhus, 26–27
- real-time value assessments, 105
- recycling
- renewable inputs
- algae and, 77
- carbon-free energy inputs, 21, 59
- energy and, 49, 158–61, 170
- feedstocks, 21, 59
- freestocks, 59
- goals of, 49
- hybrid energy systems, 77
- material and, 49
- resource recovery, 77
- supplier diversity and, 49
- Sustainable Earth products and, 169
- unexpected solutions and, 173–74
- waste energy utilization, 21, 59
- Renmatix, 144
- risk management, 14, 22, 52–53, 92, 95
- Risk Management Planning (RMP), 75, 95
- Robaire, Bernard, 132–33
- Rohm & Haas, 165
- safe degradation
- bioaccumulation, 22, 60, 78–79
- bioconcentration, 79
- biomagnification, 79
- chemical body burden, 78–79
- exposure, 22, 60
- extended producer responsibility, 81
- goals of, 50–51
- persistence and, 22, 50, 60, 78
- separation of components, 50–51
- Sustainable Earth products and, 169, 185
- time and exposure, 79–81
- toxicity and, 80
- scaling sustainability
- challenges to, 166
- climate economics and, 170
- collaboration and, 167–68
- customer demand and, 155, 165
- farm-to-table supply chains, 156
- funding industry innovation, 168
- production costs and, 163
- running a pilot, 161–63
- stakeholder engagement and, 156–61, 164–65
- supply chains and, 154–55, 164–68
- Sustainability Scorecard and, 166–67
- Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and, 173
- unexpected solutions and, 173
- waste prevention and, 163–64
- Sheehan, Staff, 146
- Sherman, Jodi, 136
- Simon, Herbert, 5
- Simvastatin, 69–70
- site safety, 48–49
- Six Sigma methodology, 93–95
- Snær, Andri, 3
- social responsibility, 35–37, 41
- Soh, Lindsay, 145
- solar cells, 39–40
- solar panels, 40, 157
- Solidia, 33
- Sonnenfeld, Jeffrey, 44, 156
- stakeholder management
- circular communication strategy, 110–11
- community level, 161
- culture transformation, 110–11
- customers and, 112, 165
- employee level, 160, 164
- external stakeholders, 110
- internal stakeholders, 111–12
- iteration and, 112–13
- leadership level, 160
- supply chains and, 164–65
- sustainable practices and, 156–61
- values and, 156–58
- Staples, 161, 165–67, 170, 177
- start-ups, 141–43
- status quo bias, 33–34, 37
- steel manufacturing, 3
- Stein, Herbert, 7
- Stone, David, 31–32
- supercritical carbon, 77, 145
- supply chains
- chemical accidents and, 75
- closed-loop systems, 165
- customer demand and, 155
- disclosure gaps, 167
- e-waste recovery and, 40
- farm-to-table, 23, 41, 153, 156
- fashion industry and, 41
- financial due diligence and, 154–55
- green chemistry and, 133, 163
- green procurement and, 164–66
- opacity and, 41
- resilient and safe, 74–75, 76
- scaling sustainability and, 154–68
- stakeholder engagement and, 164–65
- status quo bias and, 34
- sustainability and, 23, 41–42, 153–54, 171
- transparency in, 36, 192
- sustainability
- Sustainability Advantage, 15
- sustainability management
- boundaries and constraints in, 42
- closed-loop systems, 161
- full-cost accounting, 66
- key performance indicators (KPIs) and, 53–61, 82
- life-cycle assessment (LCA), 64–65
- maximizing efficiency and performance, 56, 57-58, 71–76
- metrics and, 51
- renewable inputs, 59-60, 77
- return on investment and, 161
- risk management and, 52–53, 95
- running a pilot, 161–63
- safe degradation, 60, 61, 78–81
- scaling the success story, 163–66
- stakeholder engagement and, 156–61, 164–65
- strategic, 53–54
- supply chains and, 171
- values and, 156–57
- waste prevention, 54–55, 66–71, 160
- Sustainability Scorecard
- action plan for mature firms, 103–9
- action plans for Initiate and Develop Stages, 100–103
- assessing directionality, 82–83, 83
- business metrics and, 54, 61
- celebration of neutrality and, 65
- chemistry/engineering principles and, 172
- classification of progress, 62–63
- climate economics and, 9
- customization of, 62
- evaluation of product/process, 81
- F-factor ratings, 84–85
- full-cost accounting, 66
- identifying a target, 82
- key performance indicators (KPIs) and, 17, 82, 128
- life-cycle costs and benefits, 65
- maximizing efficiency and performance, 19, 20, 56–58
- organizational activities and, 16
- organizational transformation and, 9, 25
- product life cycle costs, 61
- profitability and, 7–8, 85–86
- qualifying findings, 83–85
- renewable inputs, 21, 59–60
- safe degradation, 22, 60, 61
- scaling sustainability and, 166–67
- sustainability and, 7–8
- unexpected solutions and, 6–8, 14, 66, 85–86, 172
- waste prevention, 18, 54-55, 167
- Sustainability Scorecard examples Coastwide Labs/Staples, 177, 178, 179, 180-81, 182, 182, 183, 183, 184, 184, 185, 185
- sustainability transformation
- Sustainability Transformation Maturity Model, 88-92
- sustainable design
- biological system-based, 115–16, 117, 118, 118
- budgeting, 61
- carbon-negative, 31, 33, 152–53
- cleaning products and, 161–68
- consumer demand and, 129, 155
- future needs and, 114–15
- life-cycle assessment (LCA), 125–26
- optimizing the solution, 119, 121, 126–29
- redefining the problem, 119–21, 121, 122–24
- reengineering, 119, 121, 125–26
- return on investments, 120, 121
- strategic priorities and, 15
- unexpected solutions and, 117–18
- value and, 23
- Sustainable Earth®
- completed scorecards, 177–78
- green chemistry and, 161–63, 165, 168
- lowest in-use cost and, 163
- market-leading differentiation and, 170
- maximizing efficiency and performance, 169
- municipal cost-savings and, 183
- renewable inputs, 169
- safe degradation, 169, 185
- supplier innovation and, 165
- Sustainability Scorecard and, 168–69
- waste prevention and, 169
- Sustainable Purchasing Leadership Council, 15
- Synthetic Genomics, 145
- Tang, Yi, 70
- Tarpenning, Marc, 144
- Tepper, Harald, 105–6, 110–11
- Tesla, 144
- Thompson, Jeff, 157–60
- Thording, Lars, 139
- Tohono O’odham Community College (TOCC), 32
- toxicity
- transgenerational design, 78
- Tree-Hugger’s Guide to Working in Corporations, A (Mohin), 41
- Tribal Eco Ambassador Program, 32
- Twelve Principles of Green Chemistry, 12–13, 44, 173
- Twelve Principles of Green Engineering, 13, 39
- unexpected solutions
- biological system-based design, 116, 117–18
- closed-loop systems, 101
- drop-in replacements, 102
- F-factor ratings, 173
- green chemistry and, 43–44, 49
- large organizations and, 132–40
- life-cycle cost-benefit analysis, 65
- multiple goal achievement, 174
- nexus thinking and, 101–2
- optimizing the solution, 126–29
- profitability and, 85–86, 103, 174–75
- redefining the problem, 119–24
- reengineering, 125–26
- renewable resources and, 173–74
- solving wicked problems, 85, 174
- stakeholder engagement and, 112
- Sustainability Scorecard and, 6–8, 14, 66, 85–86, 172
- technology and, 63
- UNSDGs and, 85, 173–74
- UN Food and Agricultural Organization, 148
- United Nations, 43
- United Nations Environmental Program, 109
- United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (UNSDGs), 11, 85, 173–74
- United Nations University, 103–4
- University of Utah, 134–36
- upcycling, 68, 81, 101, 105, 137, 191, 195
- value creation, 107, 112
- Venter, Craig, 145
- vermifiltration, 8, 149
- Vestaron, 144
- vodka production, 8, 152
- Vukelich, Dan, 138
- Warner, John, 12, 42, 163
- waste anesthetic gases, 136–37
- waste management
- biological by-products, 49
- food waste and, 147–49
- hazardous waste and, 160
- healthcare technology and, 109
- human waste, 116, 118
- landfill capacity and, 147
- pharmaceuticals, 160
- raw material disposal and, 46
- safe end-of-life recovery and, 51
- social responsibility and, 36
- sustainability management and, 36
- sustainable innovation and, 147–49
- wastewater treatment and, 8, 77, 149
- waste prevention
- anesthetic gases and, 136–37
- closed-loop systems, 46
- drug administration process and, 135–36
- durability and, 67–68
- economy of space, 18, 54–55, 70–71
- economy of waste, 18, 54
- environmental quotient index (EQI), 169
- goals of, 45–46
- process intensification, 18, 55
- process mass intensity (PMI), 69–70, 169
- product life extension, 68
- reusable surgical gowns and, 138
- single-use medical device refurbishment, 137–38
- Sustainability Scorecard and, 18, 167
- Sustainable Earth products and, 169
- transportation and, 163–64
- waste generation and, 46
- wastewater, 8, 72, 77, 149
- water conservation, 43, 53, 74, 182
- water use
- Watkinson, Grant, 162
- Willard, Bob, 15
- Woodward, Rick, 162
- World Health Organization, 43, 116
- Yale Climate Connections Initiative, 27
- Yale New Haven Hospital, 136
- Yale University, 12, 23
- Zerbaxa, 120
- Zimmerman, Julie, 13, 39, 73–74, 101, 125, 145
- Zoloft, 70
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