- Cover
- Half Title
- Title
- Copyright
- Contents
- Acknowledgments
- 1 View Cameras
- 2 View Camera Adjustments
- 2.1 View Camera Adjustments
- 2.2 Focusing Principles
- 2.3 Focusing and Depth of Field
- 2.4 Tilts and Swings
- 2.5 Controlling Image Shape
- 2.6 Controlling the Plane of Sharp Focus
- 2.7 Simultaneous Use of Tilts and Swings
- 2.8 Vertical and Horizontal Shifts
- 2.9 Film Rotation
- 2.10 Effect of Back Movements on Image Shape
- 2.11 Effect of Back Movements on Image Sharpness
- 2.12 Effect of Lens Movements on Image Sharpness
- 2.13 Types of Movement Limitations
- 2.14 Focusing Limitations
- 2.15 Lens Movement Limitations
- 2.16 Back Movement Limitations
- 2.17 Anamorphic Effects
- 3 Image Formation
- 4 Exposure Controls
- 4.1 Camera and Photographic Exposure
- 4.2 f-Numbers
- 4.3 Whole Stops
- 4.4 Maximum Diaphragm Openings
- 4.5 Minimum Diaphragm Openings
- 4.6 Intermediate f-Numbers
- 4.7 Limitations of the f-Number System
- 4.8 Supplementary Lenses and Effective f-Numbers
- 4.9 Lens Transmittance
- 4.10 Lens and Focal Plane Shutters
- 4.11 Types of Lens Shutters
- 4.12 Other Exposure Controls
- 4.13 Flash Synchronizationa
- 5 View Camera Lenses
- 6 Image Size and Perspective
- 6.1 Perspective
- 6.2 Focal Length with Distant Objects
- 6.3 Focal Length Limitations at Close Range
- 6.4 Maximum Scale of Reproduction
- 6.5 Closeup Photography, Photomacrography, and Photomicrography
- 6.6 Image Definition of Photomacrographs
- 6.7 Lighting for Photomacrographs
- 6.8 Perspective
- 6.9 Object Distance and Perspective
- 6.10 Focal Length and Perspective
- 6.11 Simultaneous Changes in Object Distance and Focal Length
- 6.12 Use of Camera Movements Versus Changing Object Distance
- 6.13 Apparent Perspective Effects
- 6.14 Wide-Angle Effect
- 6.15 Trick Perspective
- 7 Depth of Field
- 8 Exposure Meters
- 8.1 Exposure Latitude
- 8.2 Effects of Underexposure and Overexposure
- 8.3 Exposure Meters
- 8.4 Reflected-Light Exposure Meters
- 8.5 Incident-Light Exposure Meters
- 8.6 Reflected-Light Exposure Meter Readings
- 8.7 Camera Position Readings
- 8.8 Midtone Reflected-Light Readings
- 8.9 Brightness-Range Method
- 8.10 Keytone Method
- 8.11 Zone System
- 8.12 Limitations of Reflected-Light Readings
- 8.13 Incident-Light Readings
- 8.14 Light Diffuser Shape
- 8.15 Limitations of Incident-Light Readings
- 8.16 Film Plane Measurements
- 8.17 Electronic-Flash Exposure Meters
- 8.18 Causes of Inaccurate Exposure
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