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by Leslie Stroebel
View Camera Technique, 7th Edition
Cover
Half Title
Title
Copyright
Contents
Acknowledgments
1 View Cameras
1.1 View Cameras
1.2 Ground-Glass Viewing
1.3 Lateral, Vertical, and Angular Adjustments
1.4 Interchangeable Lenses
1.5 Flexible Bellows
1.6 Large Film Size
1.7 Camera Support
1.8 Advantages and Limitations of View Cameras
2 View Camera Adjustments
2.1 View Camera Adjustments
2.2 Focusing Principles
2.3 Focusing and Depth of Field
2.4 Tilts and Swings
2.5 Controlling Image Shape
2.6 Controlling the Plane of Sharp Focus
2.7 Simultaneous Use of Tilts and Swings
2.8 Vertical and Horizontal Shifts
2.9 Film Rotation
2.10 Effect of Back Movements on Image Shape
2.11 Effect of Back Movements on Image Sharpness
2.12 Effect of Lens Movements on Image Sharpness
2.13 Types of Movement Limitations
2.14 Focusing Limitations
2.15 Lens Movement Limitations
2.16 Back Movement Limitations
2.17 Anamorphic Effects
3 Image Formation
3.1 Image Formation with a Pinhole
3.2 Image Formation with a Simple Lens
3.3 Lens Terminology
Spherical Surfaces
Center and Radius of Curvature
Positive Lenses
Negative Lenses
Lens Axis
Optical Center
Nodal Points
Nodal Planes
Object and Image Distances
Principal Focal Point
Focal Length
Angle of View
Circle of Good Definition
Angle of Coverage
Circle of Illumination
3.4 Image Formation with a Multiple-Element Lens
3.5 Typical Image Formation Problems
3.6 Graphic Drawings
3.7 Lens Formulas
4 Exposure Controls
4.1 Camera and Photographic Exposure
4.2 f-Numbers
4.3 Whole Stops
4.4 Maximum Diaphragm Openings
4.5 Minimum Diaphragm Openings
4.6 Intermediate f-Numbers
4.7 Limitations of the f-Number System
4.8 Supplementary Lenses and Effective f-Numbers
4.9 Lens Transmittance
4.10 Lens and Focal Plane Shutters
4.11 Types of Lens Shutters
4.12 Other Exposure Controls
4.13 Flash Synchronizationa
5 View Camera Lenses
5.1 Basic Differences Between Lenses
5.2 Types of Lenses
Normal Lenses
Telephoto Lenses
Wide-Angle Lenses
Specialized Lenses
Supplementary Lenses
Convertible Lenses
Variable Focal Length and Zoom Lenses
Closeup and Macro Lenses
Process Lenses
Enlarger Lenses
Soft-Focus Lenses
Magnifying Lenses
5.3 Lens Shortcomings
Image Definition
Image Shape
Uniformity of Illumination
Non-Image-Forming Light
Chromatic Aberration
Image Color
5.4 Lens Testing
6 Image Size and Perspective
6.1 Perspective
Linear Perspective
Overlap
Depth of Field
Lighting
Aerial Haze
Color
6.2 Focal Length with Distant Objects
6.3 Focal Length Limitations at Close Range
6.4 Maximum Scale of Reproduction
Scale of Reproduction and Bellows Extension
Scale of Reproduction and Focal Length
Scale of Reproduction, Focal Length, and Object Distance
6.5 Closeup Photography, Photomacrography, and Photomicrography
6.6 Image Definition of Photomacrographs
Change the Aperture
Reverse the Lens
Use a Positive Supplementary Lens
Substitute a Lens Designed for Use with Shorter Object Distances
6.7 Lighting for Photomacrographs
6.8 Perspective
6.9 Object Distance and Perspective
6.10 Focal Length and Perspective
6.11 Simultaneous Changes in Object Distance and Focal Length
6.12 Use of Camera Movements Versus Changing Object Distance
6.13 Apparent Perspective Effects
Viewing Distance
Cropping
6.14 Wide-Angle Effect
6.15 Trick Perspective
7 Depth of Field
7.1 Resolution of the Eye
7.2 Viewing Distance and Cropping
7.3 Depth-of-Field Controls
Relative Aperture
Object Distance
Focal Length
7.4 Swings and Tilts, and Depth of Field
7.5 Depth-of-Field Limits
7.6 Depth-of-Field Tables
7.7 Depth-of-Field Scales
7.8 Checking the Depth of Field
7.9 Calculating the Depth of Field
7.10 Depth of Focus
8 Exposure Meters
8.1 Exposure Latitude
8.2 Effects of Underexposure and Overexposure
8.3 Exposure Meters
8.4 Reflected-Light Exposure Meters
8.5 Incident-Light Exposure Meters
8.6 Reflected-Light Exposure Meter Readings
8.7 Camera Position Readings
8.8 Midtone Reflected-Light Readings
8.9 Brightness-Range Method
8.10 Keytone Method
8.11 Zone System
8.12 Limitations of Reflected-Light Readings
8.13 Incident-Light Readings
8.14 Light Diffuser Shape
8.15 Limitations of Incident-Light Readings
8.16 Film Plane Measurements
8.17 Electronic-Flash Exposure Meters
8.18 Causes of Inaccurate Exposure
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