Glossary

AAL 2

ATM Adaptation Layer type 2

ACCS

automated calling card service

ACELP

Algebraic-Code-Excited Linear-Prediction

ACKs

TCP acknowledgments

ACM

Address Complete Message

Abs

analysis-by-synthesis

ACD

automatic call distributor

A/D

analog-to-digital

ADPCM

Adaptive differential pulse code modulation

ADSL

Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line

AIN

Intelligent Network

ANM

Answer message

API

Application Programming Interface

ASIC

application-specific itegrated circuits

ASN.1

Abstract Syntax Notation.1

ASP

Access Signal Protocol

AI

artificial intelligence

ATM

Asynchronous Transfer Mode

ATU-R

ADSL transmission unit, remote side

AVP

Attribute-Value-Pair

BA

Behavior Aggregate classifier

BC

Bearer capability

BCR

Business Communication Review

B-ISDN

broadband ISDN

BOC

Bell Operating Company

BRI

basic rate interface

BSDB

Business Service Database

CAP

Competitive access provider

C bit

cost bit

CBR

constant bit rate

CC

Contributor node

CC

contributor count

CDN

called party number

CELP

Code excited predictive linear coding

CICs

Circuit Identification Code

CID

Channel ID

CGN

calling party number

CIX

Commercial Internet Exchange

CLNP

Connectionless Network Protocol

CMSDB

Call Management Service Database

CO

central office

CO

terminating office

COT

continuity test

CP

call proceeding

CPE

Customer premises equipment

CPG

Call Progress

CPU

capacity of computers

CS

circuit switch

CS-1

Capability Set 1

CSB

circuit-switch bypass

D/A

digital-to-analog

D bit

delay bit

DCS

digital cross connect

DiffServ

Differentiated Services

DM

memory location

DNS

Domain Name System

DOD

direct outward dialing

DS

DiffServ

DSL

Digital Subscriber Line

DSU

data service unit

DSP

digital signal processor

DTE

Data Terminal Equipment

DTMF

dual-tone multi-frequency

E

extension

E800

enhanced 800

E-COM

electronic commerce

EFT

electronic funds transfer

EO

end office

ESP

Enhanced Service Provider

ET

exchange termination

FCC

Federal Communications Commission

FCS

frame check sequence

FDDI

Fiber distributed data interface

FEC

forward error correction

FFT

Fast Fourier Transform

FIN

finish message

FIR

Finite Impulse Response

FIX

Federal Internet Exchange

FM

Frequency modulation

FPGA

field-programmable gate arrays

FTP

File Transfer Protocol

GCC

Generic Conference Control

GCF

Gatekeeper Confirmation

GRQ

Gatekeeper Request

GSTN

General Switched Telephone Network

GT

Global title

HEC

Header error control

HDSL

High bit-rate Digital Subscriber Line

HF

High Frequency

HFC

Hybrid Fiber Coax

HLR

Home Location Register

IAM

Initial Address Message

ICMP

Internet Control Message Protocol

IDC

International Data Corporation

IDLC

Integrated Digital Loop Carrier System

IDSL

ISDN Digital Subscriber Line

IETF

Internet Engineering Task Force

IGMP

Internet Group Message Protocol

IMTC

International Media Teleconferencing Consortium

IN

intelligent Network

IP

packet-based protocols

IPDC

Internet Protocol Device Control

IPST

IP Signaling Transport

IR

intermediate rate

IRR

information request response

ISDN

Integrated Services Digital Network

ISDN-UP or ISUP

ISDN User Part

ISO

International Standards Organization

ISP

Internet Service Provider

ISUP

ISDN User Part

IWF

interworking function

IXC

interchange carrier

LAN

Local Area Network

LAPB

Link Access Procedure, Balanced

LAPM

Link Access Procedure for Modems

LD-CELP

Low delay CELP

LEC

Local Exchange Carrier

LI

length indicator

LIDB

Line Information Database

LPC

Linear prediction coding

LSR

last sender report

M

marker

MAC

multiple and accumulate operation

MAE

Mertropolitan Area Exchange

MAN

Metropolitan Area Network

MBONE

Multicasting backbone

MC

multipoint controller

MC

media gateway controller

MCS

Multipoint Communication Service

MCU

Multipoint Control Unit

MDF

Main distribution frame

MELP

Mixed-Excitation LPC

MG

Media gateway

MGC

Media Gateway Controller

MGCP

Media Gateway Control Protocol

MIME

Multipurpose Internet Mail Extension

MIP

millions of instructions per second

MPEG

Motion Pictures Expert Group

MOS

Mean Opinion Score

MP

Multilink Protocol

MP

Multipoint Processor

MP-MLQ

Multipulse Maximum Likelihood Quantization

MPLS

Multiprotocol Label Switching

MTP

Message Transfer Port

MTS

Message Telecommunications Service

MTU

Maximum Transmission Unit

NA

not applicable

NAP

Network Access Point

NAS

Network Access Server

NCP

Network Control Protocol

NI

network interface

NIST

National Institute of Standards and Technology

NNI

network to network interface

NNI

network node interface

NSF

National Science Foundation

NTP

Network Time Protocol

OAM

operations, administration, and maintenance

OLE

Originating local exchange

OSF

offset field

OSI

Open Systems Interconnection

OSS

Operator Service Signaling

P

parity

P

padding

PAD

Padding bytes

PBX

private branch exchange

PC

personal computer

PC

point codes

PCM

pulse code modulation

PDN

public data network

PDU

protocol data unit

PHB

per-hop-behavior

PM

memory location

POP

point of presence

POTS

plain old telephone service

PPP

Point-to-Point Protocol

PPS

packets-per-second rate

PRI

primary rate interface

PS

Packet Switch

PSTS

Public Switched Telephone System

PSVQ

predictive split vector quantizer

PT

Payload type

PTT

Postal, Telephone, and Telegraph

QAM

quadrature amplitude modulation

64-QAM

64-State QAM scheme

QCIF

Quarter Common Intermiadiate Format

QOS

Quality-of-Service

QPSK

quadrature phase-shift keyed

RA1

rate adapter 1

RA2

rate adapter 2

RAS

Registration, Admissions, and Status

RBOC

Regional Bell Operating Companies

RCF

Registration Confirmation

RDT

remote digital terminal

RDSL or RADSL

Rate Adaptive ADSL

REL

Release message

RFC

Request for Comments

RLC

ReLease Complete

RLS

Release

ROH

receiver-on-hook

ROM

read-only-memory

ROSE

Remote Operations Service Element

RPC

remote procedure call

RRQ

Registration Request

RRJ

Registration Reject

RSPG

Reliable Signaling Gateway Protocol

RST

reset message

RSVP

Resource Reservation Protocol

RT

Routing Tables

RTCP

Real-Time Control Protocol

RTP

Real-Time Protocol

RTSP

Real-Time Streaming Protocol

RTT

round trip time

S

splitter

SA

Signaling Agent

SA

Security Association

SABM

Set Asynchronous Balanced Mode

SAP

Session Announcement Protocol

SCAL

Signaling TCP Connection/IP Adaptation Layer

SCN

Switched Circuit Networks

SCP

Service Control Point

SDES

Source Description Packet

SDSL

Symmetical Digital Subscriber Line

SG

Signaling Gateway

SG&A

Sales, general, and administrative

SGMP

Simple Gateway Control Protocol

SIP

Session Initiation Protocol

SLA

Service level agreement

SLIP

Serial Link IP

SMTP

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol

SN

Sequence Number

SNA

Systems Network Architecture

SNMP

Simple Network Management Protocol

SNMP2

Simple Network Management Protocol, Version 2

SONET

Synchronous Optical Network

SPI

Security Parameter Index

SS7

Signaling System Number 7

SSP

Service Switching Point

SSN

subsystem number

SSP

Service Switching Point

ST

signaling tone

STDM

statistical TDM

STP

Signaling Transfer Point

TA

terminal adaptater

T

bit throughput bit

TASI

Time-Assigned Speech Interpolation

TCA

Traffic Conditioning Agreement

TCAP

transaction capabilities application part

TCP

Transmission Control Protocol

TDM

time division multiplexing

TE

Transit exchange

TE

terminal equipment

TFTP

Trivial File Transfer Protocol

TLE

Terminating local exchange

TOS

Type of Service

TSAP

Transport Service Access Point

TTL

time-to-live

UA

unnumbered acknowledgment

UCF

Unregister Confirm

UI

Unnumbered information

UDP

user datagram protocol

UNI

User Network Interface

URI

Unregistered Reject

URI

Uniform Resource Identifier

URQ

Unregistered Request

UUI

User-to-user indication

V

version

VBR

Variable Bit Rate

VDSL

Very-high-bit Subscriber Line

VLR

Visitor Location Register

VoATM

voice over ATM

VoFR

voice over Frame Relay

VoIP

voice over IP

VQ

Vector quantization

WAN

Wide Area Network

WDM

wave division multiplexing

XDSL

X Digital Subscriber Line

XID

exchange ID