NOTES
CHAPTER 1
1. Seventy-seven percent of Millennials think having distinct reporting relationships should be important to managers. Seventy-eight percent of Millennials believe that having definite lines of authority should be important to managers.
2. Deal, J. J., Stawiski, S., Graves, L., Gentry, W. A., Weber, T. J., and Ruderman, M. (2013). Motivation at work: Which matters more, generation or managerial level? Consulting Psychology Journal, 65(1) (March), 1–16.
3. Rhinehart, J. B., Barrell. R. P., Dewolfe, A. S., Griffin, J. E., and Spaner, F. E. (1969). Comparative study of need satisfaction in governmental and business hierarchies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 53(3), 230–235.
4. Gannon, M. J., and Demler, J. W. (1971). Organizational level and job attitudes. Psychological Reports, 29, 399–402. Retrieved from http://www.amsciepub.com/doi/pdf/10.2466/pr0.1971.29.2.399
5. Universum (2015). Understanding a misunderstood millennial generation. Part one of a six-part series.
6. 81 percent.
7. 35 percent.
8. 26 percent.
9. 58 percent.
10. 56 percent.
11. 29 percent.
12. Bauerlein, M. (2008). The Dumbest Generation: How the Digital Age Stupefies Young Americans and Jeopardizes Our Future (or, Don’t Trust Anyone Under 30). London, England: Tarcher/Penguin Press.
13. 76 percent.
14. 67 percent.
CHAPTER 2
1. Hofschneider, A. (2013, September 10). Should You Bring Mom and Dad to the Office? Employers are Embracing the Involvement of Parents to Attract and Hold On to Talent. Wall Street Journal. Retrieved from http://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424127887323864604579066964214209866
2. Universum (2015). Understanding a misunderstood millennial generation. Part one of a six-part series. Retrieved from http://universumglobal.com/insights/understanding-misunderstood-generation/
3. Gardner, P. (2007). Parent Involvement in the College Recruiting Process: To What Extent? Retrieved from Michigan State University, Collegiate Employment Research Institute, Research Brief 2-2007, http://ceri.msu.edu/publications/pdf/ceri2-07.pdf
4. Gardner, P. (2007). Parent involvement.
5. Seventy-one percent of Millennials believe that parents should not visit the hiring organization during the job interview process, and an additional 20 percent are neutral.
6. Fifty-four percent of Millennials believe that the hiring organization should not send parents a copy of any offer given to their child, and an additional 31 percent are neutral.
7. Among Millennials who are married, an overwhelming majority discuss their compensation with their spouse (95 percent).
8. The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (2014). Millennials: The Housing Edition. In Thematic Research. Retrieved August 4, 2014, from http://www.thehousingrenaissance.com/resources/2014/Millennials_The_Housing_Edition_handout.pdf
9. Deal, J. J. (2007). Retiring the Generation Gap: How Employees Young and Old Can Find Common Ground. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
10. 74 percent.
11. Blanchard, K., and Johnson, S. (2003). The One Minute Manager. New York, NY: William Morrow.
12. 31 percent.
13. Blanchflower, D. G., and Oswald, A. J. (2008). Is Well-Being U-Shaped Over the Life Cycle? Social Science & Medicine: 66(8) (April), 1733–1749.
14. The U-bend of life: Why, beyond middle age, people get happier as they get older. (2010, December 18). The Economist. Retrieved August 30, 2014, from http://www.economist.com/node/17722567?fsrc=scn/fb/wl/ar/ubend
15. Pew Research Center: Social & Demographic Trends (2014, March 7). Millennials in Adulthood: Detached from Institutions, Networked with Friends. Retrieved from http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/files/2014/03/2014-03-07_generations-report-version-for-web.pdf
16. 61 percent.
17. 72 percent.
18. Of older employees, 44 percent say that people can be trusted, 15 percent say you can’t be too careful, and 40 percent say it depends.
19. 31 percent.
20. With regard to trust, 6 percent of older respondents said they don’t trust the police in their community, 31 percent said they don’t trust the media, and 22 percent don’t trust the banking industry. Only 24 percent say they trust people in their neighborhood or community, 43 percent say they trust people in their place of worship, and 29 percent said they trust people with whom they share religious beliefs.
CHAPTER 3
1. Per current U.S. law, when she turned 26, she would no longer be eligible for coverage under her parents’ health insurance policy.
2. Feldman, D. (2013). Inspiring the Next Generation Workforce: The 2013 Millennial Impact Report, 23. Indianapolis, IN: Achieve Guidance. Retrieved from http://cdn.trustedpartner.com/docs/library/AchieveMCON2013/Research%20Report/Millennial%20Impact%20Research.pdf
3. Feldman, D. (2013). Inspiring, 25.
4. Feldman, D. (2013). Inspiring, 8.
5. Forty-two percent of female Millennials said they had looked into volunteering before the interview, in comparison with 30 percent of male Millennials. Also, 63 percent of female Millennials said that the opportunity to work for a cause made them more likely to take the job, in comparison with 45 percent of male Millennials. Feldman, D. (2013). Inspiring, 9.
6. Feldman, D. (2013). Inspiring, 18.
7. Feldman, D. (2013). Inspiring, 7.
8. 34 percent.
9. 54 percent.
10. 51 percent.
11. 49 percent.
12. Feldman, D. (2013). Inspiring, 10.
13. Friedman, T. L. (2005). The World is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-First Century. New York: Farrar, Straus, and Giroux.
14. Urban, T. (2013, September). Why Generation Y Yuppies Are Unhappy, Retrieved from http://waitbutwhy.com/2013/09/why-generation-y-yuppies-are-unhappy.html
15. Pew Research Center: Social & Demographic Trends (2014, March 7). Millennials in Adulthood: Detached from Institutions, Networked with Friends. Retrieved from http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/files/2014/03/2014-03-07_generations-report-version-for-web.pdf
16. The Institute for College Access & Success (2014, November). Student debt and the class of 2013. Retrieved from http://ticas.org/sites/default/files/legacy/fckfiles/pub/classof2013.pdf
17. Sheehy, K. (2013, November 13). Undergrads Around the World Face Student Loan Debt. U.S. News and World Report. Retrieved from http://www.usnews.com/education/top-world-universities/articles/2013/11/13/undergrads-around-the-world-face-student-loan-debt
18. Popping property bubbles: Choosing the right pin. (2014, August 30). The Economist. Retrieved from http://www.economist.com/node/21614165/print
19. The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (2014). Millennials: The Housing Edition. In Thematic Research. Retrieved August 4, 2014, from http://www.thehousingrenaissance.com/resources/2014/Millennials_The_Housing_Edition_handout.pdf
20. Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (2014). Millennials.
21. Student Loans Company (2012). Full Catalogue of Official Statistics. Retrieved from http://www.slc.co.uk/official-statistics/full-catalogue-of-official-statistics/student-loans-debt-and-repayment.aspx
22. Billones, C. L. (2013, March 18). Japanese students deep in debt with $5 billion in loans. JDP. Retrieved from http://japandailypress.com/japanese-students-deep-in-debt-with-5-billion-in-loans-1825368/
23. Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu Ltd. (2014, January 21). Big demands and high expectations: What generation Y wants from business, government, and the future workplace. Retrieved from http://www2.deloitte.com/uk/en/pages/press-releases/articles/big-demands-and-high-expectations-what-generation-y-wants.html
CHAPTER 4
1. Pew Research Center (2010). Millennials: A Portrait of Generation Next, February 25. Retrieved from http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/files/2010/10/millennials-confident-connected-open-to-change.pdf
2. Pew Research Center (2010). Millennials, 26.
3. Pew Research Center (2010). Millennials, 26.
4. Achieve Guidance (2013). The Millennial Impact Research: The 2013 Millennial Impact Report, 23. Retrieved from http://cdn.trustedpartner.com/docs/library/AchieveMCON2013/Research%20Report/Millennial%20Impact%20Research.pdf
5. Achieve Guidance (2013). The 2013 Millennial Impact Report, 23.
6. 52 percent.
7. Pew Research Center (2010). Millennials, 26.
8. This pattern can also be seen in Pew Research Center (2010). Millennials: A Portrait of Generation Next, February, 25. Retrieved from http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/files/2010/10/millennials-confident-connected-open-to-change.pdf
9. 52 percent.
10. 73 percent.
11. 76 percent.
12. 77 percent.
13. 58 percent.
14. 74 percent.
15. Charlie Brown.
16. 26 percent.
17. 60 percent.
18. 68 percent.
19. Achieve Guidance (2013). Inspiring the Next Generation Workforce: The 2014 Millennial Impact Report, 14. Retrieved from http://cdn.trustedpartner.com/docs/library/AchieveMCON2013/MIR_2014.pdf
20. 42 percent.
21. 24 percent.
22. 64 percent.
23. 56 percent.
24. Ninety-three percent want performance evaluation feedback face-to-face, 95 percent want to discuss career plans face-to-face, and 84 percent want to discuss compensation face-to-face.
25. Blanchard, K., and Johnson, S. (2003). The One Minute Manager. New York: William Morrow. Wilcox, M., and Rush, S. (2004). The CCL Guide to Leadership in Action: How Managers and Organizations Can Improve the Practice of Leadership. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons. Covey, S. M. R. (2006). The Speed of Trust: The One Thing That Changes Everything. New York: Free Press. Collins, J. (2011). Good to Great. New York: HarperCollins Publishers. Scisco, P., McCauley, C. D., Leslie, J. B., and Elsey, R. (2014). Change Now! Five Steps to Better Leadership. USA: CCL Press. King, S. N., Altman, D. G., and Lee, R. J. (2011). Discovering the Leader in You: How to Realize Your Leadership Potential. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons.
CHAPTER 5
1. 56 percent.
2. 63 percent.
3. 61 percent.
4. 76 percent.
5. 72 percent.
6. Seventy-two percent of Millennials believe that they have access to learning and development resources at work that will help them to improve their skills.
7. Seventy-three percent of Millennials generally believe that their organization values employee learning and development.
8. Ninety-eight percent of Millennials say that developing close ties with coworkers is important to them, with 57 percent saying it is either very or extremely important to them. Sixty-six percent say they have formed strong friendships at work.
9. Fifty-eight percent of Millennials say that their immediate supervisor cares about their well-being.
10. Ninety-five percent of staff from older generations say that developing close ties with coworkers is important to them, with 43 percent saying it is either very or extremely important to them. Sixty-four percent say they have formed strong friendships at work.
11. 44 percent.
12. Pew Research Center (2013). Who Wants to Be the Boss? On Pay Gap, Millennial Women Near Parity, Q31. Retrieved December 11, 2013, from http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/2013/12/11/on-pay-gap-millennial-women-near-parity-for-now/sdt-gender-and-work-12-2013-0-09/
13. Universum (2015). Understanding a misunderstood millennial generation. Part one of a six-part series. Retrieved from http://universumglobal.com/insights/understanding-misunderstood-generation/
14. Torres, N. (2014, September 18).), Most People Don’t Want to Be Managers. Harvard Business Review. Retrieved from https://hbr.org/2014/09/most-people-dont-want-to-be-managers
15. Specifically, 30 percent say they often think about quitting their present job, and 25 percent say they are looking for another job right now. Though many say they aren’t currently looking for a new job, 36 percent say they will probably look for a new job in the near future, and 27 percent say that they are planning to look for a job outside their organization in the next year.
16. The longer the time period, the smaller the percentage of Millennials who say they intend to continue working for their current employer. Seventy-eight percent say they intend to be working for their organization in six months; 67 percent say they intend to be working for their organization in one year; 39 percent say they intend to be working for their organization in five years.
17. 47 percent.
18. Twenty-six percent don’t feel their supervisors are supportive, 23 percent say that their managers don’t appreciate it when they put in extra effort, 26 percent don’t believe their managers are forgiving of honest mistakes, and 31 percent don’t think their managers understand when they have to prioritize their life over work.
19. 70 percent.
20. 63 percent.
21. Pew Research Center (2010). Millennials: A portrait of generation next 41. Retrieved from http://www.pewsocialtrends.org/files/2010/10/millennials-confident-connected-open-to-change.pdf
22. 63 percent.
23. 32 percent.
24. 70 percent.
25. 76 percent.
26. 73 percent.
27. 72 percent.
28. 54 percent.
29. 63 percent.
30. 77 percent.
31. 68 percent.
32. 61 percent.
33. 28 percent.
34. 55 percent.
CHAPTER 6
1. Chura, H. (2006, April 22). Sabbaticals Aren’t Just for Academics Anymore. New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2006/04/22/business/22sabbaticals.html
CHAPTER 7
1. Kahn, L. B. (2010). The long-term labor market consequences of graduating from college in a bad Economy. Labour Economics, 17(2), 303–316. Oreopoulos, P., von Wachter, T., and Heisz, A. (2006, April). The short- and long-term career effects of graduating in a recession: Hysteresis and heterogeneity in the market for college graduates. National Bureau of Economic Research Working Paper no. 12159. Retrieved from http://www.nber.org/papers/w12159
2. The research on long-term impacts of recessions was conducted based on people graduating in recessions in the 1980s and 1990s, which had a much milder impact on college graduates than the Great Recession of 2007–08. We expect the Great Recession to have deeper and longer-lasting impacts on the Millennials than the two previous recessions had on the Gen Xers who graduated at that time.
3. The expansion of the early 2000s and subsequent deep recession starting in 2008 characterized the experience of Millennials in most of the developed countries in our data, primarily in the United States, the United Kingdom, and Europe. However, the degree of expansion and then contraction varied across countries within this group. The experience in the developing countries was different. For example, China’s growth slowed but never came close to an economic contraction.
4. Social Security Administration. Life Expectancy for Social Security. Retrieved July 2015 from http://www.ssa.gov/history/lifeexpect.html
5. Social Security Administration. Retirement Age: Background. Retrieved July 2015 from http://www.ssa.gov/retirement/background.html
6. S&P Capital IQ: McGraw Hill Financial (2013). Beggar Thy Neighbor: Exploring Pension Plans Research Brief. Retrieved from http://www.spcapitaliq.com/our-thinking/resources-ideas/Pension%20Plans%20Brief.pdf
7. McHugh, D. (2013, December 29). The Convergence Of 3 Factors Is Driving A Worldwide Retirement Crisis. Business Insider. Retrieved from http://www.businessinsider.com/worldwide-retirement-crisis-coming-2013-12
8. Transamerica Center for Retirement Studies (2014). Millennial Workers: An Emerging Generation of Super Savers. Retrieved July 2014 from http://www.transamericacenter.org/docs/default-source/resources/center-research/tcrs2014_sr_millennials.pdf
9. Levenson, A. (2006). Trends in Job and Wages in the U.S. Economy. In Lawler, E. E., and O’Toole, J., eds., America at Work: Choices and Challenges, 87–107. New York: Palgrave MacMillan. Mishel, L., Bernstein, J., and Allegretto, S. (2005). The State of Working America 2004/2005. Ithaca, NY: ILR Press. Atkinson, A. B., Piketty, T., and Saez, E. (2011). Top Incomes in the Long Run of History. Journal of Economic Literature, 49(1), 3–71. Gottschalk, P., and Joyce, M. (1998). Cross-National Differences in the Rise in Earnings Inequality: Market and Institutional Factors. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 80(4), 489–502. Lemieux, T. (2006). Increasing Residual Wage Inequality: Composition Effects, Noisy Data, or Rising Demand for Skill? American Economic Review, 96(3), 461–498.
10. The College Board (2014). Trends in College Pricing 2014. Retrieved from http://trends.collegeboard.org/college-pricing. Lorin, J. (2014, November 12). College tuition in the U.S. Again Rises Faster Than Inflation. Bloomberg Business. Retrieved from http://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2014-11-13/college-tuition-in-the-u-s-again-rises-faster-than-inflation
11. Olson, E. (2014, September 13). Student Loan Debt Burdens More Than Just Young People. New York Times. Retrieved from http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/13/business/student-loan-debt-burdens-more-than-just-young-people.html
12. Trawinski, L. A. (2013). Assets and Debt Across Generations: The middle-class balance sheet 1989–2010. AARP Public Policy Institute. Retrieved from http://www.aarp.org/content/dam/aarp/research/public_policy_institute/security/2013/middle-class-balance-sheet-1989-2010-AARP-ppi-sec-pdf.pdf
13. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2014). Child Obesity Facts. Obesity in Adolescents Aged 12–19 Increased from 5 percent in 1980 to 21 percent in 2012. Retrieved February 10, 2015, from http://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/obesity/facts.htm
14. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2008). 2007 National Youth Risk Behavior Survey Overview. Retrieved August 4, 2009, from http://www.cdc.gov/HealthyYouth/yrbs/pdf/yrbs07_us_overview.pdf
15. McGill, H. C., Jr., McMahan, C. A., and Gidding, S. S. (2008). Preventing Heart Disease in the 21st Century: Implications of the Pathobiological Determinants of Atherosclerosis in Youth (PDAY) Study. Circulation, 117(9), 1216–1227.
16. Wild, S., Roglic, G., Green, A., Sicree, R., and King, H. (2004). Global Prevalence of Diabetes: Estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes Care, 27(5), 1047–1053.
17. Hossain, P., Kawar, B., and El Nahas, M. (2007). Obesity and Diabetes in the Developing World—A Growing Challenge. New England Journal of Medicine, 356(3), 213–215.
18. Wild, S., Roglic, G., Green, A., Sicree, R., and King, H. (2004). Global Prevalence of Diabetes: Estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030. Diabetes Care, 27(5), 1047–1053.
19. Barkin, S. L., Heerman, W. J., Warren, M. D., and Rennhoff, C. (2010). Millennials and the world of work: The impact of obesity on health and productivity. Journal of Business and Psychology, 25(2), 239–245.
20. Baum, C. L., II, and Ford, W. F. (2004). The Wage Effects of Obesity: A Longitudinal Study. Health Economics, 3(9), 885–899. Retrieved from http://amosyang.net/wp-content/uploads/2012/10/wageobesity.pdf
21. Finkelstein, E., Fiebelkorn, C., and Wang, G. (2005). The Costs of Obesity Among Full-Time Employees. American Journal of Health Promotion, 20(1), 45–51.
22. Kelly, T., Yang, W., Chen, C.-S., Reynolds, K., and He, J. (2008). Global Burden of Obesity in 2005 and Projections to 2030. International Journal of Obesity, 32, 1431–1437. Retrieved from http://www.nature.com/ijo/journal/v32/n9/full/ijo2008102a.html
23. Owen, N., Sparling, P. B., Healy, G. N., Dunstan, D. W., and Matthews, C. E. (2010). Sedentary behavior: Emerging Evidence for a New Health Risk. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 85(12), 1138–1141. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2996155/
24. World Health Organization (2004). Work Organization and Stress: Systematic Problem Approaches for Employers, Managers and Trade Union Representatives. World Health Organization: Protecting Workers’ Health Series No 3. 2. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/occupational_health/publications/pwh3rev.pdf
25. American Psychological Association (2015). Stress in America: Paying with Our Health. Retrieved from http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/stress/2014/stress-report.pdf
26. American Psychological Association (2014). Stress in America: Are Teens Adopting Adults’ Stress Habits? Retrieved from https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/stress/2013/stress-report.pdf
27. American Psychological Association (2015). Stress in America: Paying With Our Health.
28. Ibid.
29. Ibid.
30. United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2012). World Marriage Data 2012 (POP/DB/Marr/Rev2012). Retrieved from http://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/WMD2012/MainFrame.html
31. The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. (2014). Millennials: The Housing Edition. In Thematic Research. Retrieved August 4, 2014, from http://www.thehousingrenaissance.com/resources/2014/Millennials_The_Housing_Edition_handout.pdf
32. U.S. Census Bureau (2003). Statistical abstract of the United States: 2012. Table 1337. Single Parent Households: 1980–2009. Monthly Labor Review. Retrieved from https://www.census.gov/compendia/statab/2012/tables/12s1336.pdf
33. Harvard Business School (2015, May). Life & Leadership After HBS: Findings. Retrieved from http://www.hbs.edu/women50/docs/L_and_L_Survey_2Findings_12final.pdf
34. Parker, K. (2015). Despite progress, women still bear heavier load than men in balancing work and family. FactTank: News in the Numbers. Pew Research Center. Retrieved March 10, 2015, from http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2015/03/10/women-still-bear-heavier-load-than-men-balancing-work-family/