List of Equations
Equation 3.1. Maxwell’s equations (unspecified medium)
Equation 3.2. Conservation of charge relation
Equation 3.3. Equations for a free-space propagation
Equation 3.4. Electric field (1st equation)
Equation 3.5. Electric field (2nd equation)
Equation 3.6. Maxwell equations (isotropic and linear homogeneous medium)
Equation 3.7. Propagation equations
Equation 3.8. Electric and magnetic field
Equation 3.9. Phase of the wave
Equation 3.10. Phase velocity
Equation 3.11. Phase velocity in the vacuum
Equation 3.12. Electromagnetic energy in a volume V
Equation 3.13. Energy density
Equation 3.14. Electromagnetic energy density
Equation 3.15. Energy flux
Equation 3.16. Poynting vector
Equation 3.17. Average energy value
Equation 3.18. Total field from two sources
Equation 3.19. Average intensity of the total field
Equation 3.20. Visibility from two optical paths
Equation 3.21. Equations of an optical ray
Equation 3.22. Vector normal to the wave front
Equation 3.23. Planck’s law of the Sun
Equation 4.1. Narrowband signal (1st representation)
Equation 4.2. Narrowband signal (2nd representation)
Equation 4.3. Received useful signal
Equation 4.4. Equivalent baseband model
Equation 4.5. Transmitted average optical power
Equation 4.6. Received average optical power
Equation 4.7. Direct current channel gain
Equation 4.8. Average electrical power of the useful signal
Equation 4.9. Noise power expression
Equation 4.10. Spectral density of dominant noise
Equation 4.11. Electric SNR
Equation 4.12. Electrical SNR in wireless optical communication
Equation 4.13. Impulse response model
Equation 4.14. Rugosity criteria
Equation 4.15. Lambert’s relation
Equation 4.16. Example of Lambert’s reflection
Equation 4.17. Phong’s relation
Equation 5.1. Beer’s law
Equation 5.2. Extinction coefficient
Equation 5.3. Molecular scattering coefficient
Equation 5.4. Molecular absorption coefficient
Equation 5.5. Aerosolar scattering coefficient
Equation 5.6. Distribution of particle size
Equation 5.7. Kruse and Kim model
Equation 5.8. Attenuation by an advection fog
Equation 5.9. Attenuation by a convection fog
Equation 5.10. Rain attenuation
Equation 5.11. Attenuation due to snow
Equation 5.12. Scintillation variance
Equation 6.1. Elementary annular angle
Equation 6.2. Light intensity
Equation 6.3. Radiated total power
Equation 6.4. Intensity radiated in the normal direction
Equation 6.5. Determination of the angle HP
Equation 6.6. Determination of the value m
Equation 6.7. P(ij) power
Equation 6.8. Gain in the case of a non-imaging concentrator
Equation 6.9. Effective surface (1st representation)
Equation 6.10. Effective surface (2nd representation)
Equation 6.11. Rectangular function
Equation 6.12. Limit angle of reception
Equation 6.13. Theoretical sensitivity of the photodiode
Equation 6.14. Relation between Pt and Pr 128
Equation 6.15. Relation between Pr and I
Equation 6.16. Received power
Equation 6.17. Linear geometrical loss in line of sight
Equation 6.18. Response of the impulse of the channel
Equation 6.19. Margin of the system
Equation 6.20. Coverage surface
Equation 6.21. Gain DC of the channel
Equation 6.22. Received power
Equation 6.23. Simplified received power
Equation 6.24. Binary error rate
Equation 8.1. Cutoff wavelength
Equation 8.2. Emission wavelength
Equation 8.3. Current of the photodiode
Equation 8.4. Multiple primary photocurrent proportional to the incident radiant power
Equation 9.1. Number of M states symbol
Equation 9.2. Coding efficiency
Equation 9.3. BCH codes
Equation 9.4. RS codes
Equation 11.1. Geometric attenuation
Equation 11.2. FSO margin
Equation A1.1. Refractive index
Equation A1.2. Solid angle
Equation A1.3. Monochromatic luminous flux
Equation A1.4. Polychromatic luminous flux
Equation A1.5. Global energy flux
Equation A1.6. Bouguer’s relation
Equation A1.7. Average power in pulsed mode
Equation A1.8. Power (dBm)
Equation A1.9. Intensity of a source
Equation A1.10. Energy luminance
Equation A1.11. Illumination of receiving surface E
Equation A1.12. Light beam