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VI. Appendixes
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VI. Appendixes
by David Pogue
macOS Mojave: The Missing Manual
The Missing Credits
About the Author
About the Creative Team
Acknowledgments
About The Missing Manuals
Introduction
What’s New in Mojave
Dark Mode
Accent Colors
Desktop Stacks
Preview Sidebar
Screenshot Tools
Continuity Camera
Four New Apps
Safari Defenses
Lots of Misc.
About This Book
About the Outline
About → These → Arrows
About MissingManuals.com
The Very Basics
I. The macOS Desktop
1. Folders, Windows & Finder Tabs
Getting into macOS
Logging In
The Elements of the macOS Desktop
Windows and How to Work Them
The Sidebar
Title Bar
Close Button
Minimize Button
Full Screen Button
The Folder Proxy Icon
Two Clicks, One Window
The Finder Toolbar
Old Finder Mode
Scroll Bars
Insta–Full Screen
Resizable Edges
Snappable Windows
Path Bar
Status Bar
The Preview Pane
The Four Window Views
Icon View
Icon Size
Icon Previews
Icon-View Options
Group By and Sort By
List View
Sorting the List
Grouping the List
Flippy Triangles
Your Choice of Columns
Other View Options
Rearranging Columns
Adjusting Column Widths
Column View
Column View by Keyboard
Manipulating the Columns
Grouping the Column Contents
View Options
Gallery View
The Preview Pane
Keep Folders on Top
Quick Look
What Quick Look Knows
The Quick Look Slideshow
Fun with Quick Look
Finder Tabs
Creating Tabs
Using Tabs
Tab Management
Tabs in Other Apps
Logging Out, Shutting Down
Sleep Mode
Restart
Shut Down
The “Reopen Windows” Option
Log Out
Getting Help in macOS
2. Organizing Your Stuff
The macOS Folder Structure
Your Home Folder
What’s on Your Hard Drive
What’s in Your Home Folder
Desktop Stacks
Icon Names
Rename One File
Renaming Batches of Files
Selecting Icons
Selecting by Clicking
Selecting Icons from the Keyboard
Moving and Copying Icons
Copying by Dragging
Copying or Moving with Copy and Paste
Dragging from the Title Bar
Spring-Loaded Folders: Dragging Icons into Closed Folders
Making Spring-Loaded Folders Work
Aliases: Icons in Two Places at Once
What’s Good About Aliases
Broken Aliases
Finder Tags
What Tags Are Good For
Creating Tags
Editing Tag Names and Colors
Two Sets of Favorites Tags
Applying Tags
Using Tags
Detagging Files
The Trash
Rescuing Files and Folders from the Trash
Emptying the Trash I: Quick and Easy
Emptying the Trash II: Even Easier
Locked Files: The Next Generation
Get Info
Uniwindow vs. Multiwindow
The Get Info Panels
Shortcut Menus, Action Menus
New Folder with Selection
Share
Optimized Storage
Store in iCloud
Optimize
Empty Trash Automatically
Reduce Clutter
More to Delete
3. Spotlight
The Spotlight Menu
Searching Your Mac
Searching the Internet
Calculations and Conversions
The Preview Pane
Opening a Result
Spotlight Results Tips
Advanced Menu Searches
The Searching Window
From Spotlight
From the Finder
The Basic Search
Power Searches with Tokens
Power Searching the Old Way
What to Do with Search Results
Customizing Spotlight
Privacy Settings
Smart Folders
4. Dock, Desktop & Toolbars
The Dock
Setting Up the Dock
Organizing and Removing Dock Icons
Pop-Up Dock Folders (“Stacks”)
The Finer Points of Pop-Up Dock Folders
Three Ways to Get the Dock Out of Your Hair
Using the Dock
Switch Applications
Operate the Dock by Keyboard Control
Find Secret Menus
Conduct Speed Tests
Drag and Drop
Do Your Filing
Find Great Things to Put in Your Dock
The Finder Toolbar
Hiding or Shrinking the Toolbar
Customizing the Icons on the Toolbar
Rearranging or Removing Toolbar Icons
Designing Your Desktop
Backgrounds and Screen Savers
Accent Colors
Dark Mode
Desktop Sounds
Menulets: The Missing Manual
II. Programs in macOS
5. Documents, Programs & Mission Control
The Mac App Store
Other Ways to Get Mac Software
Downloading Compressed Files
Uninstalling Software
Opening macOS Programs
Launchpad
Redesigning the Launchpad Screens
Folders
Deleting App Store Programs
Windows That Auto-Reopen
The Application Menu
Quitting Programs
Force-Quitting Programs
The App Switcher
Full Screen Mode
Split Screen Mode
Starting Split Screen Mode, Method 1
Starting Split Screen Mode, Method 2
Exiting Split Screen Mode
Mission Control: Death to Window Clutter
Starting and Stopping Mission Control
Managing Windows in Mission Control
Spaces (Virtual Desktops)
Creating a Desktop
Switching Spaces
Deleting a Desktop
The Finer Points of Spaces
Two Eccentric Spaces Settings
Dashboard
Turn on the Dashboard Feature
Opening the Dashboard
Using Dashboard
The Widget Browser
Dashboard Tips
Dashboard Preferences
Widget Catalog
More Widgets
Exposé
One-App Exposé
Desktop Exposé
Exposé Tip-O-Rama
Hiding Programs the Old-Fashioned Way
Hiding the Program You’re Using
Hiding All Other Programs
The Bring-Forward, Hide-All-Others Trick
Hiding (Minimizing) Individual Windows
How Documents Know Their Parents
Reassigning Documents to Programs
Keyboard Control
Control the Menus
Control the Dock
Cycle Through Your Windows
Control Tool Palettes
Control Menulets
Control Dialog Boxes
Changing a Menu Keyboard Shortcut
Redefining a Keystroke
The Save and Open Dialog Boxes
Sheets
The Mini-Finder
Insta-Jumping to a Folder Location
The File Format Pop-Up Menu
The Open Dialog Box
Auto Save and Versions
Versions
iCloud Drive
iCloud Drive Defined
Putting Files onto the iCloud Drive
Sharing iCloud Drive Files
iCloud Drive on Other Devices
iCloud Desktop & Documents
The Cocoa Advantage
The Fonts Panel
Title Bar Tricks
Background Window Control
Cool Text-Selection Tricks
Secret Keyboard Shortcuts
6. Data: Typing, Sharing & Backing Up
The Mac Keyboard
The Complicated Story of the Function Keys
The Touch Bar + Fingerprint Reader
The Fingerprint Sensor
The Control Strip
Customizing the Touch Bar
QuickType on the Touch Bar
Notes on Right-Clicking
Power Typing
The Spelling and Grammar Checker
Text Substitution (Abbreviation Expansion)
Auto-Periods, Auto-Caps
Case Swapping
The Many Languages of macOS Text
Formats
Input Sources
The Character Viewer
Keyboard Viewer
Ink: Handwriting Recognition
Data Detectors
Moving Data Between Documents
Cut, Copy, and Paste
Drag-and-Drop
Export/Import
Exchanging Data with Other Macs
By AirDrop or Network
By Email
Using Dropbox
Via iCloud Drive
Via Flash Drive
FireWire Disk Mode/Thunderbolt Disk Mode (Target Disk Mode)
Via Bluetooth
Exchanging Data with iPhones or iPads
Exchanging Data with Windows PCs
Preparing the Document for Transfer
Notes on Disk Swapping
Network Notes
Via the Internet
The Share Button
Editing the Share Menu
Time Machine
Setting Up Time Machine
How the Backups Work
Local Snapshots
Changing Time Machine Settings
Recovering Lost or Changed Files
Frequently Asked Questions
7. Dictation & Siri
Dictation
Dictation Step by Step
Punctuation
Enhanced Dictation
Speech Settings
Siri on the Mac
How to Use Siri
How to Use “Hey Siri”
The Latest Models
Older Models
Type to Siri
What to Say to Siri
When Things Go Wrong
Siri’s Personality
What to Do with Siri’s Results
Advanced Siri
Teach Siri About Your Relationships
Fix Siri’s Name Comprehension
Siri Settings
The Mac Reads to You
Setting Up the Mac’s Voice
8. Continuity: Mac+iPhone
Mac as Speakerphone
And if It’s Not Working
Texting from the Mac
Instant Hotspot
Handoff
AirDrop
Continuity Camera
The Universal Clipboard
Apple Watch Login
III. The Components of macOS
9. System Preferences
The System Preferences Window
Choosing a Preferences Pane
Hiding the Icons You Never Use
Accessibility
General Tab
VoiceOver Tab
Zoom Tab
Display
Speech
Descriptions
Captions
Audio
Dictation
Siri
Keyboard
Mouse & Trackpad
Switch Control
Bluetooth
Pairing
Advanced Options
The Bluetooth Menulet
CDs & DVDs
Date & Time
Date & Time Tab
Time Zone Tab
Clock Tab
Desktop & Screen Saver
Desktop Pictures
Screen Saver
Displays
Display Tab
Arrangement Tab (Multiple Monitors)
The Arrangement Tab
Color Tab
Night Shift
Dock
Energy Saver
Sleep Sliders
Checkbox Options
Scheduled Startup and Shutdown
Extensions
General
iCloud
Internet Accounts
Keyboard
Keyboard Tab
Text Tab
Shortcuts Tab
Input Sources
Dictation
Language & Region
Mission Control
Mouse
Scroll Direction
Secondary Click
Primary Mouse Button
Tracking Speed
Smart Zoom
Scrolling Speed
Double-Click Speed
Network
Notifications
Parental Controls
Printers & Scanners
Security & Privacy
Sharing
Siri
Sound
Sound Effects Tab
Output Tab
Input Tab
Software Update
Spotlight
Startup Disk
Time Machine
Touch ID
Fingerprints for Apps, Websites, and Apple Pay
Trackpad
Point & Click
Scroll & Zoom
More Gestures
The Force Touch Trackpad
Users & Groups
Wallet & Apple Pay
10. Notifications
Insta-Respond to Bubbles
Shutting Up the Bubbles
Dismiss One Bubble
Do Not Disturb (Manual)
Do Not Disturb (Automatic)
The Notification Center
Today Tab
Notifications Tab
Customizing the Notification Center
11. The Free Programs of macOS
Your Free Programs
App Store
Automator
Books
Downloading Books
ePub Files
PDF Files
Your Library
Reading
Notes, Highlighting, and Other Options
Books Settings
Calculator
Conversions
Calendar
Working with Views
Making an Appointment
What to Do with an Appointment
The “Calendar” Category Concept
“Publishing” Calendars to the Web
Google, Yahoo, and Facebook Calendars
Syncing Calendar with Your iPhone, iPad, and Other Computers
Chess
Playing a Game of Chess
Chess Prefs
Studying Your Games
Contacts
Dashboard
Dictionary
DVD Player
FaceTime
Placing a Call
Group FaceTime
FaceTime Audio Calls
Receiving Calls
Font Book
GarageBand
Home
Image Capture
Import To:
Import Some, Import All
Scanning
iMovie
iPhoto
iTunes
Your Stuff
Four Ways to Fill Your Library
Playlists
Apple Music
iTunes Store
Internet Radio
Authorizing Computers
Syncing an iPad or iPhone
Playing with Playback
Launchpad
Mail
Maps
Meet Maps
Finding Yourself
Searching the Maps
The Details Screen
Bookmarks, Recents, Contacts
Finding Friends and Businesses
Directions
Public Transportation
Traffic
Flyover
Flyover Tours
Messages
Mission Control
News
Notes
Creating a Note
The Notes List
Collaborative Notes
Locking Notes
The Attachments Browser
Notes Folders
Tables
Notes Accounts
Numbers, Pages, Keynote
Photo Booth
Still Photos
4-Up Photos
Movies
Exporting Shots and Movies
Photos
The Layout
The Sidebar
Opening Photos
Editing Photos
The Rest of Photos
Preview
Importing Camera Photos
Operating Your Scanner
Multiple Pages, Multiple Views
Preview as Graphics Viewer
Preview as PDF Reader
Annotations and Drawing Tools
Signing PDF Documents with Your Real Signature
Fill in PDF Forms
The Toolbar
Reminders
The Details Bubble
The Calendar of Deadline Hell
Lists
Syncing Reminders
QuickTime Player
Safari
Stickies
Creating Sticky Notes
Growing and Shrinking Notes
Formatting Notes
Saving Sticky Notes
Stocks
Customizing Your Portfolio
System Preferences
TextEdit
TextEdit’s Two Personalities
Working in TextEdit
Style Sheets
Tables
TextEdit as Web Designer
TextEdit Preferences
TextEdit’s Other Writing Tools
Time Machine
Voice Memos
Editing Your Recording
Utilities: Your macOS Toolbox
Activity Monitor
AirPort Utility
Audio MIDI Setup
Bluetooth File Exchange
Boot Camp Assistant
ColorSync Utility
Console
DigitalColor Meter
Disk Utility
Grapher
Keychain Access
Migration Assistant
Screenshot
Script Editor
System Information
Terminal
VoiceOver Utility
Core Services: The Island of Misfit Apps
About This Mac
Archive Utility
Directory Utility
DVD Player
Feedback Assistant
Folder Actions Setup
Network Utility
RAID Utility
Screen Sharing
Storage Management
System Image Utility
Wireless Diagnostics
IV. The Technologies of macOS
12. Accounts, Security & Gatekeeper
Introducing Accounts
The First Account
Creating an Account
Phase 1: Choose an Account Type
Phase 2: Name, Password, and Status
Phase 3: Choose a Picture
Phase 4: Login Items (Startup Items)
Parental Controls
Apps Tab
Web Tab
Stores Tab
Time Tab
Privacy Tab
Other Tab
Editing Accounts
Deleting Accounts
Setting Up the Login Process
Signing In, Logging Out
Identifying Yourself
Logging Out
Logout Options
Sharing Across Accounts
Fast User Switching
macOS and Security
Two-Factor Authentication
Gatekeeper
FileVault
The Firewall
The Password Assistant
The Keychain
Twelve Privacy Shields
13. Networking, File Sharing & AirDrop
Wiring the Network
Ethernet Networks
Wi-Fi Networks
Cell Networks
FireWire Networks
File Sharing: Three Ways
AirDrop
Sending by AirDrop
Eight Reasons AirDrop Might Seem Not to Work
Receiving a File by AirDrop
Sharing Your Public Folder
Sharing Any Folder
The Get Info Method
The System Preferences Method
Accessing Shared Files
Connection Method A: Use the Sidebar
Connection Method B: Connect to Server
Disconnecting Yourself
Disconnecting Others
Networking with Windows
Seated at the Mac, Seeing the PC
Seated at the PC, Seeing the Mac
More Mac-Windows Connections
Screen Sharing
Other Mac: Give Permission in Advance
Your Mac: Take Control
The Toolbar
Variations on Screen Sharing
More Dialing In from the Road
14. Printing, Fonts & Graphics
Mac Meets Printer
Setting Up a Printer
Printer Preferences
Making the Printout
Printing
Managing Printouts
Printer Sharing
Faxing
PDF Files
Opening PDF Files
Creating PDF Files
Fonts—and Font Book
Where Fonts Live
Font Book: Installing and Managing Fonts
The Fonts Panel
ColorSync
Getting ColorSync Profiles
Default Profiles
More on ColorSync
Graphics in macOS
Graphics Formats on the Mac
Screen-Capture Keystrokes
The Screenshot Toolbar
The Screenshot Editor
The Old Whole-Screen Keystroke
One Section of the Screen
A Dialog Box, Menu, Window, or Icon
15. Movies & Sound
QuickTime Player
Fancy Playback Tricks
Editing Movies
Recording Movies with QuickTime Player
Recording Screen Movies from the Mac
Recording Movies from an iPhone or iPad Screen
Ways to Export Your Video
Playing Sounds
Controlling the Volume
Alert Beeps and You
Recording Sounds
Making the Recording
V. macOS Online
16. Internet Setup & iCloud
The Best News You’ve Heard All Day
Network Central and Multihoming
Multihoming
Broadband Connections
Automatic Configuration
Manual Configuration
Ethernet Connections
Wi-Fi Connections
Commercial Hotspots
Tethering (Personal Hotspot)
Cellular Modems
Dial-Up Modem Connections
Switching Locations
Creating a New Location
Making the Switch
Internet Sharing
Turning On Internet Sharing
Meet iCloud
Photos
iCloud Photos
My Photo Stream
Shared Albums
iCloud Drive
Email Address
Data Synchronization
Find My Mac, Find My iPhone
Family Sharing
Setting Up Family Sharing
Life in Family Sharing
Apple Pay on the Web
The Setup
The Shopping
More iCloud Features
Automatic Backup
Continuity
Books, Music, Apps, Movies: The Locker in the Sky
17. Mail & Contacts
Setting Up Mail
Importing Old Mail
Checking Your Mail
The Mailboxes List
Tailoring the Look of Mail
Tweaking the Three-Column Layout
Tweaking the Classic Layout
Tweaking the Full-Screen Layout
Dark Mode in Mail
The Toolbar
Writing Messages
Attaching Files to Messages
Mail Drop: Sending Huge Attachments
Marking Up, Signing, and Drawing on Attachments
Signatures
Reading Email
Conversation View
Filters
Adding the Sender to Contacts
Data Detectors
Opening File Attachments
Replying to a Message
Forwarding Messages
Redirecting Messages
Printing Messages
Filing Messages
Flagging Messages
Mark as Read/Unread
Finding Messages
Deleting Messages
Exporting Mailboxes
Message Rules
VIPs
The Anti-Spam Toolkit
Using the Junk Mail Filter
More Anti-Spam Tips
Contacts
Importing Addresses
Creating Address Cards
Groups
Adding Pictures
Finding an Address
Changing the Contacts Display
Printing Options
Contacts Backups
18. Safari
The Unified Address/Search Bar
Searching the Web
Address/Search Bar Tips
Bookmarks, Favorites, and Top Sites
Adding a Bookmark
Organizing Bookmarks in the Sidebar
Organizing Bookmarks in the Editor
Favorites Bar
Favorites View
Top Sites
Full Screen and Gestures
Scrolling
Five Ways to Magnify a Page
Customizing the Toolbar
Autofill: Your Name and Info
Autofill: Your Passwords
The master password list
Autofill: Credit Cards
Autofill: Text-Message Authentication Codes
Tabbed Browsing
Tab View
Pinned Tabs
Tips for Better Surfing
The Reading List
Keyboard Control
The Download Manager
Status Bar
Reader
Graphics Worth Saving
Expanding Web Forms
Saving Web Pages to Disk
Sending a Page to a Friend
Designate Your Start Page
Finding Text on Web Pages
The History Menu
PDF Pages Online
Picture-in-Picture Video
Per-Website Settings
Privacy and Security Features
Erasing Your History
Private Browsing
Cookie Control—and Privacy Control
Stifle Pop-Ups and Pop-Unders
19. Messages
Welcome to Messages
Let the Chat Begin
iMessages
Group Chats
Audio and Video Chats
Sharing Your Screen
iCloud Screen Sharing
20. FTP, SSH, VPN & Web Sharing
FTP
Uploading and Downloading from FTP Sites
Just Downloading from FTP Sites
Connecting from the Road
Remote Access with SSH
Getting In
Remote Control Program Killing
Virtual Private Networking
Setting Up the VPN Connection
Connecting to a VPN
The Fine Points of VPN
VI. Appendixes
A. Installing macOS Mojave
Hardware Requirements
The Standard Installation
The Setup Assistant
After Installing over an Older Version
After Installing onto a Blank Drive
The Homemade Installer Disk
How to Use Your Emergency Disk
B. Troubleshooting
Slowdowns and Fans
Minor Eccentric Behavior
First Resort: Repair the Disk
Second Resort: Look for an Update
Third Resort: Toss the Prefs File
Fourth Resort: Restart
Last Resort: Trash and Reinstall the Program
Frozen Programs (Force-Quitting)
Startup Problems
Kernel Panic
Safe Mode (Safe Boot)
Gray Screen During Startup
Forgotten Password
Recovery Mode: Three Emergency Disks
The Recovery HD
Internet Recovery
Physical Recovery Disks
Use a Local Snapshot to Rewind Your OS
Fixing the Disk
Method 1: Disk Utility
Method 2: fsck at the Console
Where to Get Troubleshooting Help
Help Online
Help by Telephone
C. The Windows-to-Mac Dictionary
About [this program]
Accessibility Options control panel
Add Hardware control panel
Add or Remove Programs control panel
All Programs
Alt key
Automatic Update
Backspace key
BIOS
Calculator
Camera and Scanner Wizard
CDs and DVDs
Character Map
Clean Install
Clipboard
Command line
Control Panel
Copy, Cut, Paste
Ctrl key
Date and Time
Defragment and Optimize Drives
Delete key (Forward Delete)
Desktop
Directories
Disks
Display control panel
(My) Documents, (My) Music, (My) Pictures
DOS prompt
Drivers
End Task dialog box
Exiting programs
Explorer
Favorites
File Sharing
Folder Options
Fonts
Help and Support
Hibernation
Internet Explorer
Internet Options
Java
Keyboard control panel
Logging in
Mail control panel
Maximize button
Menus
Minimize button
Mouse control panel
Network Places
Notepad
Personal Web Server
Phone and Modem Options control panel
Power Options
Printer Sharing
Printers and Faxes
PrntScrn key
Program Files folder
Properties dialog box
Recycle Bin
Regional and Language Options control panel
Registry
Run command
Safe Mode
ScanDisk
Scheduled Tasks
Scrap files
Screen Saver Gallery
Search
Shortcut menus
Shortcuts
Start menu
Startup folder
System control panel
Notification area
Taskbar
This PC or (My) Computer
“Three-fingered salute”
Tooltips
User Accounts control panel
Windows (or WINNT) folder
Windows logo key
Windows Media Player
Windows Messenger
WordPad
Zip files
D. The Master Secret Keystroke List
Keys to hold down at startup
Speech recognition
In the Finder
Menu
Finder menu
File menu
Edit menu
View menu
Go menu
Window menu
Help menu
Power keys
The Dock
Managing programs
Dialog boxes
Trackpad gestures
Magic Mouse gestures
Index
Search in book...
Toggle Font Controls
Playlists
Add To
Create new playlist
Name your new playlist
Playlist description (optional)
Cancel
Create playlist
Sign In
Email address
Password
Forgot Password?
Create account
Login
or
Continue with Facebook
Continue with Google
Sign Up
Full Name
Email address
Confirm Email Address
Password
Login
Create account
or
Continue with Facebook
Continue with Google
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20. FTP, SSH, VPN & Web Sharing
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A. Installing macOS Mojave
Part VI.
Appendixes
Appendix A
Appendix B
Appendix C
Appendix D
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