CHAPTER6
Source Documents for Each Idea
6.1ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI) INTELLIGENCE AUGMENTATION (IA)
Doug Englebart is the creator and evangelist for so much of modern computer interfaces. Mice, drag and drop, the desktop, all these were part of implementing his vision of computers as helpmates. The key papers are listed below. Beyond this there is a very interesting video of his early work “the mother of all demos” which you can see online.22
Engelbart, D.C. (1962). Augmenting Human Intellect: A Conceptual Framework.
Engelbart, D. C. and W. K. English (1968). A research center for augmenting human intellect. Proceedings of the AFIPS Fall Joint Computer Conference. Washington, DC; The Thompson Book Company, pp. 395–410.
Engelbart, D. C. (1988). A conceptual framework for the augmentation of man’s intellect. In Computer-Supported Cooperative Work: A Book of Readings. I. Greif. San Mateo, CA:Morgan Kaufmann Publishers, pp. 35–66.
Engelbart, D. C. (1990). Knowledge-domain interoperability and an open hyperdocument system. Proceedings of ACM CSCW’90 Conference on Computer-Supported Cooperative Work. F. Halasz, Ed. New York:ACM, pp. 143–156.
Engelbart, D. C. (1995). “Toward augmenting the human intellect and boosting our collective IQ.” Communications of the ACM 38(8): 30–33.
Engelbart, D. and K. Hooper (1988). The augmentation system framework. In Interactive Multimedia. S. Ambron and K. Hooper, Eds. Redmond, WA:Microsoft Press, pp. 15–31.
Greg Vanderheiden is a pioneer in assistive technology and now leads the Global Public Inclusive Infrastructure project23 and Cloud4All24 framework. This article was the basis for much work done in the spirit of this book.
Vanderheiden, G. (1992). A brief look at technology and mental retardation in the 21st century. In Mental Retardation in the Year 2000. L. Rowitz (Ed.). New York:Springer-Verlag, Inc., pp. 268–278.
Licklider, J. C. R. (1960). “Man-computer symbiosis.” IRE Transactions on Human Factors in Electronics HFE-1, pp. 4–11.
Ashby, W. R. (1956). “An Introduction to Cybernetics.” London:Chapman and Hall 16: 295.
Markoff, J. (2005). What the Dormouse Said: How the Sixties Counterculture Shaped the Personal Computer Industry. New York:Penguin Books.
6.2DESIGN FOR FAILURE
Patterson, D. A., G. Gibson, and R. H. Katz (1988). “A case for redundant arrays of inexpensive disks (RAID).” ACM SIGMOD Record 17: 109–116.
Sommerville, I. (2001). Software Engineering. Reading, MA:Addison-Wesley.
Lewis, C. H. and D. A. Norman (1986). Designing for error. In User Centered System Design, New Perspectives on Human-Computer Interaction. D. A. Norman and S. W. Draper, Eds. Hillsdale, NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 411–432.
This is an excellent general study of failure and systems:
Petroski, H. (1985). To Engineer Is Human: The Role of Failure in Successful Design. New York:St. Martin’s Press.
6.3DISTRIBUTED COGNITION
Salomon, G., Ed. (1993). Distributed Cognitions: Psychological and Educational Considerations. Cambridge, UK, Cambridge University Press.
Rogers, Y. (1997) “A brief introduction to distributed cognition.” Discussion paper, Interact Lab, School of Cognitive and Computing Sciences, University of Sussex.
Perry, M. (2003). Distributed cognition. In HCI Models, Theories and Frameworks, Toward a Multidisciplinary Science. J. M. Carroll, Ed. Burlington, VT:Morgan Kaufman, pp. 193–223.
Perkins, D. N. (1993). Person-plus: A distributed view of thinking and learning. Distributed Cognitions Psychological and Educational Conciderations. G. Solomon, Ed. Cambridge, UK:Cambridge University Press, pp. 88–110.
Pea, R. (1993). Practices of distributed intelligence and designs for education. In Distributed Cognitions: Psychological and Educational Considerations. G. Salomon, Ed. Cambridge, UK:Cambridge University Press, pp. 47–87.
Nickerson, R. S. (1993). On the distribution of cognition: some reflections. In Distributed Cognitions Psychological and Educational Considerations. G. Salomon, Ed. Cambridge, UK:Cambridge University Press, pp. 229–260.
Hollan, J., E. Hutchins, and D. Kirsch (2001). Distributed cognition: Toward a new foundation for human-computer interaction research. In Human-Computer Interaction in the New Millennium. J. M. Carroll, Ed. New York:ACM Press, pp. 75–94.
Fischer, G. and S. Konomi (2005). Innovative media in support of distributed intelligence and lifelong learning. Proceedings of the Third IEEE International Workshop on Wireless and Mobile Technologies in Education. Tokushima, Japan, IEEE Computer Society, pp. 3–10.
Fischer, G., E. Arias, S. Carmien, H. Eden, A. Gorman, S. i. Konomi, and J. Sullivan. (2004). “Supporting collaboration and distributed cognition in context-aware pervasive computing environments (Paper presented at the 2004 Meeting of the Human Computer Interaction Consortium “Computing Off The Desktop”).” Winter Park, CO
Ernest Hutchins’ book on distributed cognition in naval vessels coastal navigation is the best detailed introduction to how DC actually works.
Hutchins, E. (1996). Cognition in the Wild. Cambridge MA:MIT Press.
Carmien, S., I. Kollar, G. Fischer, and F. Fischer (2007). The interplay of internal and external scripts — a distributed cognition perspective. In Scripting Computer-Supported Learning—Cognitive, Computational, and Educational Perspectives. F. Fischer, I. Kollar, H. Mandl and J. M. Haake, Ed. New York:Springer, pp. 303–326.
Carmien, S. (2007). Leveraging Skills into Independent Living- Distributed Cognition and Cognitive Disability. Saarbrücken, VDM Verlag Dr. Mueller e.K.
Rogers, Y. and J. Ellis (1994). “Distributed cognition: An alternative framework for analysing and explaining collaborative working.” Journal of Information Technology 9, pp. 119–128.
Nardi, B. (1996). Context and Consciousness and Consciousness Activity and Human-Computer Interactions. Cambridge, MA:The MIT Press.
Neressian, N. J., Newstetter, W. C., Kurz-Milcke, E., and Davies, J. (2003). A mixed-method approach to studying distributed cognition in evolving environments. The fifth International Conference on Learning Sciences. Seattle, WA.
6.4SCAFFOLDING
Knops, H. and C. Bühler (1999). Assistive Technology on the Threshold of the New Millennium. Amsterdam, Washington, DC, Tokyo:IOS Press
Carmien, S. and R. Koene (2009). Distributed intelligence and scaffolding in support of cognitive health. 13th International Conference on Human-Computer Interaction (HCII 09) in the parallel session “Cognitive Accessibility and Cognitive Support” in the 5th International Conference on Universal Access in Human-Computer Interaction (UAHCI). San Diego, CA, Springer. LNCS vol. 5614, pp. 334–343.
Rosson, M. B., J. M. Carroll, and R. K. E. Bellamy (1990). Smalltalk Scaffolding: A case study of minimalist instruction. CHI ‘90. J. C. Chew and J. Whiteside, Eds. New York:ACM, pp. 423–429.
Guzdial, M. (1994). “Software-realized scaffolding to facilitate programming for science learning.” Interactive Learning Environments 4:1 pp. 001–044. DOI: 10.1080/1049482940040101.
Davies, E. A. and N. Miyake (2004). “Special issue: Scaffolding.” The Journal of the Learning Sciences 13(3): 265–451.
O’Neill, B., K. Moran, and A. Gillespie (2010). Scaffolding rehabilitation behavior using a voice-mediated assistive technology for cognition. Neuropsychological Rehabilitation. Vol. 20, pp. 509–527.
Wood, D. and D. Middleton (1975). “A study of assisted problem-solving.” British Journal of Psychology 66: 181–191.
Wood, D., J. S. Bruner, and G. Ross (1976). “The role of tutoring in problem-solving.” Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 17: 89–100.
Mohamad, Y. (2005). Integration von Emotionaler Intelligenz in Interface-Agenten am Beispiel einer Trainingssoftware für lernbehinderte Kinder. Ph.D., Rheinisch-Westfälischen Technischen Hochschule Aachen.
Mohamad, Y., C. A. Velasco, S. Damm, and H. Tebarth (2004). “Cognitive training with animated pedagogical agents (TAPA) in children with learning disabilities.” Computers Helping People with Special Needs. 9th International Conference, ICCHP 2004. Paris, France, July 7-9, 2004 629.
6.5SITUATED ACTION/COGNITION
Suchman, L. (1987). Plans and Situated Actions: The Problem of Human-Machine Communication. Cambridge, UK:Cambridge University Press.
Suchman, L. A. (2007). Human-Machine Recongfigurations, Plans and Situated Actions, 2nd edition. New York:Cambridge University Press.
6.6SOCIO-TECHNICAL ENVIRONMENTS
Scacchi, W. (2004). Socio-technical design. The Encyclopedia of Human-Computer Interaction. W. S. Bainbrigde, Berkshire Publishing Group, from https://www.interaction-design.org/literature/book/the-encyclopedia-of-human-computer-interaction-2nd-ed.
Mumford, E. (1987). Sociotechnical systems design: Evolving theory and practice. In Computers and Democracy. G. Bjerknes, P. Ehn, and M. Kyng, Eds. Aldershot, UK, Avebury, pp. 59–76.
Mumford, E. (2000). Socio-technical design: An unfulfilled promise or a future opportunity. Proceedings of the IFIP TC9 WG9.3 International Conference on Home Oriented Informatics and Telematics, “IF at Home: Virtual Influences on Everyday Life”: Information, Technology and Society, June 2000.
Mumford, E. (2000). A socio-technical approach to systems design. Requirements Engineering 5: 59–77.
Erickson, T., D. N. Smith, W. A. Kellogg, M. Laff, and E. Brander (1999). A socio-technical approach to design: Social proxies, persistent conversations, and the design of babble. Proceedings of ACM CHI 99 Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems (CHI ‘99). Pittsburgh, PA
Carmien, S. (2011). Socio-technical environments and assistive technology. In Socio-technical Networks: Science and Engineering Design. F. Hu, A. Mostashari, J. Xie, Eds. Boca Raton, FL:Taylor and Francis LLC, CRC Press, pp. 167–180.
6.7UNIVERSE OF ONE
Jakovljević, M. and L. Ostojić (2013). “Comorbidity and multimorbidity in medicine today: challenges and opportunities for bringing separated branches of medicine closer to each other.” Psychiatria Danubina 25 (Suppl 1): 18–28.
Mc Sharry, J. (2014). “Challenges in managing multiple conditions: The patient experience of multimorbidity.” The European Health Psychologist 16(6): 224–227.
Erikson, E. (1958). The Nature of Clinical Evidence. Evidence and Inference. Glencoe, IL:Free Press of Glencoe.
6.8WICKED PROBLEMS
Rittel, H. and M. M. Webber (1984). Planning problems are wicked problems. In Developments in Design Methodology. N. Cross, Ed. New York:John Wiley & Sons, pp. 135–144.
Rittel, H. (1984). Second-generation design methods. In Developments in Design Methodology. N. Cross, Ed. New York:John Wiley & Sons, pp. 317–327.
6.9DYADS
Carmien, S. and A. Kintsch (2006). Dual user interface design as key to adoption for computationally complex assistive technology. RESNA Annual Conference, Atlanta GA.
6.10IMPORTANCE OF REPRESENTATION
Simon, H. A. (1996). The Sciences of the Artificial. Cambridge, MA:The MIT Press.
Carmien, S. and E. Wohldmann (2008). “Mapping images to objects by young adults with cognitive disabilities.” Research in Developmental Disabilities 29: 149–157.
6.11TOOLS FOR LIVING AND TOOLS FOR LEARNING
Carmien, S. and G. Fischer (2005). Tools for living and tools for learning. Proceedings of the HCI International Conference (HCII), Las Vegas, July 2005 (CD).
6.12PLANS AND ACTIONS
Schank, R. C. and R. P. Abelson (1977). Scripts, Plans, Goals, and Understanding. Hillsdale, NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Reason, J. (1990). Human Error. Cambridge, UK:Cambridge University Press.
Norman, D. A. (1983). “Design rules based on analyzes of human error.” Communications of the ACM 26(4): 254-258.
Lewis, C. H. and D. A. Norman (1986). Designing for error. In User Centered System Design, New Perspectives on Human-Computer Interaction. D. A. Norman and S. W. Draper, Eds. Hillsdale, NJ:Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, pp. 411–432.
Dekker, S. (2006). The Field Guide to Undersanding Human Error. Burlington, VT:Ashgate.
6.13LOW-HANGING FRUIT
Juran, J. M. (1950). “Pareto. Lorenz, Cournot Bernoulli, Juran and others.” Industrial Quality Control 2(October 1950): 25.
6.14METADESIGN
Maturana, H. R. (1997). “Metadesign.” From http://www.hum.auc.dk/~rasand/Artikler/metadesign.htm.
Maturana, H. R. and F. J. Varela (1987). The Tree of Knowledge: The Biological Roots of Human Understanding. Boston, MA:Shambhala.
Giaccardi, E. and G. Fischer (2008). “Creativity and evolution: A metadesign perspective.” Digital Creativity 19(1): 19–32.
Giaccardi, E. (2005). “Metadesign as an emergent design culture.” Leonardo 38(4): 342–349.
Fischer, G., Giaccardi, E., and D. Fogli. (2005). “The concept of seed in meta-design: Nature, processes, and evolution.” The Center for Lifelong Learning and Design, University of Colorado.
Fischer, G. and E. Scharff (2000). Meta-design—Design for designers. 3rd International Conference on Designing Interactive Systems (DIS 2000), New York, ACM.
Fischer, G. and T. Herrmann (2008). “Sociotechnical systems: A meta-design perspective.” International Journal of Sociotechnology and Knowledge Development (IJSKD) 3(1): 1–33.
Fischer, G. and E. Giaccardi (2006). Meta-design: A framework for the future of end user development. In End User Develop—End User Development — Empowering people to flexibly employ advanced information and communication technology. H. Lieberman, F. Paternò and V. Wulf, Eds. Dordrecht, The Netherlands:Kluwer Academic Publishers, pp. 427–457.
6.15PERSONALIZATION
Lieberman, H., F. Paterno, and V. Wulf, Eds. (2006). End User Development. Dordrecht, The Netherlands:Kluwer Publishers.
Fisk, A. D., Rogers, W. A., Charness, N., Czaja, S. J., and Sharit, J. (2009). Designing for Older Adults: Principles and Creative Human Factors Approaches, 2nd edition, CRC Press, Taylor and Francis Croup. Boca Raton, FL.
Apple, i. (2009). Apple human interface guidelines. Cupertino, CA, Apple.
6.16SYMMETRY OF IGNORANCE
Fischer, G. (2000). “Social creativity, symmetry of ignorance and meta-design.” Knowledge-Based Systems Journal (Special Issue on Creativity & Cognition), 13(7-8): 527–537.
Fischer, G., P. Ehn, Y. Engeström, and J. Virkkunen (2002). Symmetry of ignorance and informed participation. Proceedings of the Participatory Design Conference (PDC’02), Malmö University, Sweden, CPSR.
Rittel, H. W. J. (1972). “On the planning crisis: Systems analysis of the first and second generations.” Bedrifts Økonomen (Norway), 8(107).
Buxton, W. (2002). Less is more (more or less). In The Invisible Future—The Seamless Integration of Technology in Everyday Life. P. J. Denning (ed.). New York, McGraw-Hill: 145–179.
6.17DIAGNOSIS AND FUNCTIONALITY
Scherer, M. (2011). Assistive Technologies and Other Supports for People With Brain Impairment, New York:Springer Publishing Company.
Scherer, M. J. (1996). Living in the State of Stuck: How Technology Impacts the Lives of People with Disabilities. Cambridge:Brookline Books.
Scherer, M. J. and Galvin, J.C. (1994). “Matching people with technology.” Rehab Management 7(2): 128–130.
Scherer, M. J. and J. C. Galvin. (Editor) (1996). Evaluating, Selecting, and Using Appropriate Assistive Technology. Gaithersburgh, MD:Aspen Publishers.
World Health Organization (2001). International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), World Health Organization (WHO). Deneva, Switzerland.
6.18I HAVE A THEORY; I HAVE A COUSIN
You could be the first! Maybe we could write it together.
6.19ISLANDS OF ABILITY
Cole, E. (2013). Patient-Centered Design of Cognitive Assistive Technology for Traumatic Brain Injury Telerehabilitation. San Rafael, CA:Morgan & Claypool.