CONTENTS

Foreword

Acknowledgments

        Part I The CTS-Installation and CTS-I Exam

Chapter 1   Getting CTS-I Certification

What Does a CTS-I Certified Installer Do?

AVIXA Certifications

Why Earn Your CTS-I Credential?

Are You Eligible for the CTS-I Exam?

AVIXA Standards

Getting Started

Chapter 2   The CTS-I Exam

The Scope of the CTS-I Exam

Exam Preparation Strategies

CTS-I Exam Sample Questions

Answers to Sample CTS-I Exam Questions

Mathematical Strategies

The Exam Calculator

Order of Operations

Electrical Calculations

Electrical Basics

The CTS-I Exam Application and Processes

Getting to the Testing Center

Identification Requirements

Items Restricted from the Exam Room

About the Exam

During the Exam

Dismissal or Removal from the Exam

Hazardous Weather or Local Emergencies

Special Accommodations for Exams

Exam Scoring

Retesting

Chapter Review

      Part II The Basics of AV Installation

Chapter 3   Managing an AV Project

Scope of Work

Project Planning

Developing a Plan

Managing Project Resources and Activities

Work Breakdown Structure

Gantt Chart for Project Schedules

Logic Network Diagram for Coordinating Resources

Managing the Project Budget

Monitoring Work at the Client Site

Other Project Management Activities

Providing Project Documentation

Information-Related Documents

Change Documentation

Types of AV Projects

Key Stages of AV Installation

Pre-installation

System Fabrication

AV Installation

AV Verification

System Closeout

Ongoing Project Responsibilities

Chapter Review

Review Questions

Answers

Chapter 4   Audiovisual Documentation

Types of Drawings

Audiovisual Drawings and Diagrams

Construction Drawings

Facility Drawings

System Drawings

As-Built Drawings

The Basics of Drawings

Drawing Scales

Calculating Dimensions from Scaled Drawings

Converting Ratios

Converting Measurements

Drawing Dates

Elements of Drawings

Drawing Abbreviations

Drawing Symbols

Drawing Views

Plan View

Reflected Ceiling Plans

Elevation Drawings

Section Drawings

Detail Drawings

Chapter Review

Review Questions

Answers

Chapter 5   Pre-installation Activities

Types of Audiovisual Job Sites

Construction Site

Client-Occupied Space

Conducting a Site Survey

Technical Site Survey

Evaluating Facility Conditions

Drawing Review Process

De-installing Existing Equipment

Reusing Existing Equipment

Job Site Safety Guidelines

Safety Regulations

Safety Equipment

Audiovisual Tools

Working with Stakeholders and Other Trades

Typical Participants

Professional Behavior

Steps to Escalate a Problem

Procuring Equipment and Supplies

Chapter Review

Review Questions

Answers

     Part III System Fabrication

Chapter 6   Cable Essentials

Wire and Cable

Conductors

Insulation

Types of Cable Used in AV Systems

Coaxial Cable

Unshielded Twisted-Pair Cable

Twisted-Pair Network Cables (Cat x)

Shielded Twisted-Pair Cable

Shielded Twisted-Pair Network Cables

Fiber-Optic Cable

Combination Cables

More About Fiber-Optic Cable

Distance Limitations of Fiber

Fiber Applications

Identifying Connectors

Fiber Connectors

Plotting a Cable Route

Cable Support Systems

Cable Tray

Conduit

Cable Duct

Hook Suspension Systems

Cable Handling

Electrical Boxes

Cable Labels

Cable Pulling

Cable Pulling Tools

Pulling Tension

Cable Pulling Techniques

Cable Snout

Conduit Capacity

Jam Ratio

Cable Termination

Stripping Cable

Steps to Strip Cable

Stripping Coaxial Cable

Cable Termination Methods

Continuity Testing

Chapter Review

Review Questions

Answers

Chapter 7   Mounting AV Equipment

Mounting Process

Mounting Preparations

Review Tools Checklist

Inspect the Building Structure

Load and Weight Considerations

Mounting Hardware

Selecting Fasteners for Mounts

Drilling a Pilot Hole

Measuring Bolt Depth

Mount Placement

Floor Mounting

Wall Mounting

Ceiling Mounting

Mounting Malfunctions

Safety Considerations

Fire Safety

Chapter Review

Review Questions

Answers

Chapter 8   Rack Build

Types of AV Racks

Rack Styles

Rack Sizes

Rack Accessories

Rack Elevation Diagrams

Ergonomics

Weight Distribution

Cooling a Rack

Building a Rack

Rack Assembly

Mounting Equipment

Mounting Wireless Equipment

Rack Wiring

Block Diagrams

Connecting Devices

Power Distribution Within a Rack

Rack Grounding

Signal Separation Within a Rack

Rack Dressing

Rack Build Checklist

Load-In

Chapter Review

Review Questions

Answers

     Part IV AV Installation

Chapter 9   Audio Systems Installation

Decibels

Calculating Decibel Changes

Decibel Reference Levels

Perceived Sound Pressure Level

Audio Signal Pathway

Balanced and Unbalanced Circuits

Audio Signal Levels

Audio System Components

Microphones

Preamplifiers

Audio Mixers

Audio Processors

Power Amplifiers

Loudspeakers

Loudspeaker Systems

Installing Audio Components

Microphone Installation

Loudspeaker Installation

Loudspeaker Installation Guidelines

Direct-Coupled and Constant-Voltage Loudspeaker Wiring

Direct-Coupled Loudspeakers

Constant-Voltage Loudspeakers

Loudspeaker Transformers

Loudspeaker Taps

Loudspeaker Wiring

Series Loudspeaker Circuit

Parallel Loudspeaker Circuit

Connecting Loudspeakers

Loudspeaker Impedance

Impedance Meter

Series Circuit Impedance Formula

Parallel Circuit, Same Impedance Formula

Parallel Circuit, Differing Impedance Formula

Series/Parallel Combination Formula

Chapter Review

Review Questions

Answers

Chapter 10 Video Systems Installation

Video Signals

Video Terms and Concepts

Aspect Ratio

Frame Rate

Refresh Rate

Interlaced Scanning

Progressive Scanning

High-Definition Video Formats

Analog Video

Analog Video Signal Types

Digital Video

Digital Video Signal Types

Video Transport

Digital Video Bandwidth Requirements

Signal Loss over Distance

HDMI Repeaters

Video System Components

Cameras

Video Signal Processors

Media Servers

Media Players/Recorders

Projectors

Video Projection Technologies

Projection Screens

Direct View Displays

Video Wiring Schemes

Direct Connection

Looping Scheme

Distributed Scheme

Network Distribution Scheme

Installing Video Source Components

Cameras

Media Players

Media Servers

BYOD Support Connections

Installing Video-Processing Components

Distribution Amplifiers

Matrix Switcher

Transmitters and Receivers

Installing Video Display Components

Front-Projection Screens

Mounting an Electrically Operated Front-Projection Screen

Mounting a Manual Wall-Mounted Projection Screen

Rear-Projection Screens

Rear-Screen Installation

Rear-Screen Mirror Position

Rear-Screen Mirror Mounting

Projector Installation

Projector Position

Projector Offset

Keystone Correction

Ceiling-Mounted Projector

Mounting a Projector to the Ceiling

Flat-Panel Displays

Chapter Review

Review Questions

Answers

      Part V System Setup, Verification, and Closeout

Chapter 11 Introduction to System Verification

Standards Compliance

Performance Verification Standard

System Verification Process

Regional Regulations

Resources for Regional Codes

Verification Tools

Circuit Theory

AC and DC Currents

Circuits: Impedance and Resistance

Verifying Wiring and Power

System Wiring

Powering the System On/Off

Electrical Safety

Verifying Power and Earthing/Grounding

Power Distribution Basics

Safety Earth/Ground

Safety Reminders

Troubleshooting Methods

Step 1: Symptom Recognition and Elaboration

Step 2: List and Localize the Faulty Function

Step 3: Analysis

Chapter Review

Review Questions

Answers

Chapter 12 Networks

Role of IT Network Managers

Network Device Inventory

Ports and Protocols

Network Components

Nodes and Connections

Network Interface Controllers and MAC Addresses

Network Devices

The OSI Model

Layers of the OSI Model

The Layers

Data Transmission and OSI

Network Connections

Copper Twisted-Pair Network Cables

RJ-45 (8P8C) Connectors

Fiber-Optic Cable

Wi-Fi Connection

Ethernet

Local Area Networks

Topology

What Is Ethernet?

Isolating LAN Devices

AV over Networks

AV over Ethernet

AV over IP Networks

AES67 Interoperability

Dante

SMPTE ST2110

RAVENNA

Crestron DM NVX

AMX SVSI

Extron NAV

BlueRiver and SDVoE

Q-SYS

Wide Area Networks

WAN Topologies

Private and Public WANs

Internet Protocol

IP Addressing

IPv4 Addressing

Types of IP Addresses

IPv6 Addresses

Address Assignment

Static and Dynamic IP Addresses

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol

Reserve DHCP

Automatic Private IP Addressing

Domain Name System

Internal Organizational DNS

Internal DNS Adoption

Transport Protocols

TCP Transport

UDP Transport

TCP vs. UDP

Ports

The Host Layers

The Session Layer

The Presentation Layer

The Application Layer

Bandwidth

Quality of Service

DiffServ

Security Technologies

Network Access Control

Firewall

Network Verification and Troubleshooting

Network Troubleshooting Tools

Chapter Review

Review Questions

Answers

Chapter 13 Audiovisual Control Systems

Control Systems Overview

Control System Functions

User Interfaces

Control System Hardware

Firmware

Control System Software

Types of Control Systems

Serial Data

USB

Network Control

Contact Closure

Infrared Control

Radio-Frequency Control

Control System Cable Tips

Control System Signal-Flow Diagrams

Installing Control Systems

Installing Firmware

Verifying the Control System

Troubleshooting Control Systems

Talking Control with the Customer

Performance Verification Standard

Chapter Review

Review Questions

Answers

Chapter 14 Audio Gain and System Equalization

Audio-Testing Tools

Piezo Tweeter

Audio Signal Generators

Sound Pressure Level Meters

Multimeter

Measurement Microphone

Oscilloscope

Setting System Gain

Importance of Setting System Gain

Selecting a Method of Gain Structure

Unity Gain Method

Setting Unity Gain

System Optimization Method

The Benefits of Using the Optimization Method

Setting Gain Using the System Optimization Method

Setting Gain Structure for Audio DSPs

Mixer Input Adjustments

Microphone Input Adjustments

Line Input Adjustments

Power Amplifier Adjustments

Audio Equalization

Equalization Methods

Single-Channel vs. Dual-Channel Measurements

Room-Based Loudspeaker Measurements

Real-Time Analyzer

The RTA Method

Preparation for the RTA Method

Taking RTA Measurements

Adjusting at the Equalizer

Recommended Response Curves

Dual-Channel FFT

Using Dual-Channel FFT

Tools for Using Dual-Channel FFT

The Dual-Channel FFT Method

Next Steps

Reading a Comb Filter

Adjusting for a Neutral Transfer Function

Finishing the Equalization Process

Performance Verification Standard

Audio Performance Verification Items

Chapter Review

Review Questions

Answers

Chapter 15 Video System Setup and Verification

Video Verification

Introduction to EDID

EDID Packets

How EDID Works

EDID Table

EDID Troubleshooting

EDID Tools

Resolution Issues

No Handshake, No Picture

Switching Sources

Managing EDID Solutions

Building an EDID Strategy

Digital Rights Management

High-Bandwidth Digital Content Protection

HDCP Interfaces

How HDCP Works

HDCP Device Authentication and Key Exchange

HDCP Locality Check

HDCP Session Key Exchange

HDCP and Switchers

HDCP Authentication with Repeaters

HDCP Device Limits

HDCP Troubleshooting

Verifying the Video Signal Path

Signal Extenders

Verifying Video Sources

Camera Adjustments

Verifying Display Components

Identify Display Parameters

Set Contrast

Set Chroma Level

Image System Contrast

Audio/Video Sync

Verifying Audio/Video Sync

Correcting Audio/Video Sync Errors

Video Verification Checklists

Chapter Review

Review Questions

Answers

Chapter 16 Conducting System Closeout

Performing Site Cleanup

Refuse Management

Cleaning a Screen

Closeout Documentation

Verification Standard for System Closeout

Drawings of Record

Operational Documentation

Punch/Snag/Problem List

Customer Training

Customer Sign-off

Chapter Review

Review Questions

Answers

     Part VI Ongoing Project Responsibilities

Chapter 17 Maintaining and Repairing Audiovisual Systems

Troubleshooting

Preparing to Troubleshoot

Selecting a Strategy

Troubleshooting in Live Events

System Maintenance

Preventive Maintenance

Devising a Preventive Maintenance Schedule

Creating a Maintenance Log

Maintaining Your Tools

Staying Sharp

Staying Safe

Staying Accurate

Chapter Review

Review Questions

Answers

     Part VII Appendixes and Glossary

Appendix A Math Formulas Used in AV Installations

Using the Proper Order of Operations

Steps to Solving Word Problems

Step 1: Understand the Problem

Step 2: Create a Plan

Step 3: Execute Your Plan

Step 4: Check Your Answer

Rounding

Some AV Math Formulas

Appendix B AVIXA Standards

Published Standards, Recommended Practices, and Technical Reports

Standards in Development

Appendix C AVIXA AV Standards Clearinghouse

Appendix D Video Link

Appendix E About the Online Content

System Requirements

Your Total Seminars Training Hub Account

Privacy Notice

Single User License Terms and Conditions

TotalTester Online

Technical Support

Glossary

Index

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