7-S framework, 90–91
A
Achiever, 58–59, 65, 71, 168, 175, 177–178
Affective conflict, 128
Affirmative Action (AA), 144
Age discrimination, 155–156
American football teams, 175–177
Ascriber, 58–59, 64–65, 71, 163, 175, 179
B
Barriers, type of
human barriers, 147
organizational barriers, 147
Beat-around-the-bush, 67
Behavioral diversity, 145
Bicultural teams,174
Business ethics, objections to
agency arguments, 164–165
legal–moral, 163–164
machiavellianism, 161–163
psychological egotism, 160–161
Business ethics, thought on
character virtue, 168–169
deontology, 167
stakeholder approaches, 167–168
utilitarianism, 165–167
Buyer–seller relations, 115–119, 140
C
Career interruptions, 149, 152
Cognitive conflict, 128, 129
Collaborate, 133–141
Collectivism, 26, 29, 39, 43, 64, 70
Collectivist cultures, 70, 134–135, 140, 160, 165–166
Common Law, Anglo system of, 34
Communication patterns, 66, 88–89
Communication style, 66, 101, 107, 141, 163, 177
Communication styles across cultures
email exercise, 107
Conflict resolution, 127–141
Conflict situations
decoupling, 123
dominance, 123
linking pins, 123
Control, locus of
external, 43, 45–47, 72
internal, 43, 45–47, 72
Conversation distance, 106
Corporate culture, 16, 79–91, 122, 143, 174, 206
Corporate culture, four main types of
Eiffel Tower Culture, 86–87
Family Culture, 86
Guided Missile Culture, 87
Incubator Culture, 87–88
Corporate cultures, elements of
communication patterns, 89
habits, 89
role models, 89
values, 89
Cross-cultural analysis, 25–26
Cross-cultural communication, 93–107
Cross-cultural communication, linguistic challenges of, 101–103
Cross-cultural conflict, 127–141
Cross-cultural negotiations, 111–126
Cross-cultural teamwork, 173–187
Cultural analysis context
high, 70–74
low, 70–74
Cultural patterns model, 80
Culture
change, 16–20
stability, 16–20
D
Dating the opponent, 113
Decentralized phase, 194–195
Decoding, 94–95, 97–98
Deontology, 167
Diffuse cultures, 56–57
Diversity management, 143–157
Diversity, advantages of, 145–146
Diversity-friendly policy, barriers to, 146–148
E
East Asian
cultures, 37
economies, 37
Eiffel Tower Culture, 86–87
Emotional, 8, 15, 59–60, 65–66, 84, 106, 128, 151, 163, 170, 176, 201
Encoding, 94, 97–98
Ethical, 28, 34, 159, 165–166, 170–171
Ethics, cultural relativism in, 169–170
Ethics, intercultural perceptions on, 165–171
Etymology, 159
European Business Test Panel, 147
F
Femininity, 26, 35–37, 39, 64–65, 125
Flexibility, 109
French Culture, 45, 80
G
Gender discrimination, 151–152
Gladwin and Walter Model, 133
Glass ceiling, 149–150
Global Learning and Observations to Benefit the Environment (GLOBE), 4, 194, 197, 199
Globalization, 3, 85, 88, 153, 191–203
Goal conflict, 128
Guanxi, 70, 114
Guided Missile Culture, 87
H
High context cultures, 66–67, 128, 135
Hofstede’s model, 83
Home phase, 192, 194
Hunsaker and Cook’s model, 83
I
IBM culture, 80
Identifying cross-cultural teams, 181–187
Incubator Culture, 87–88
Individualism, 26, 28–29, 38–39, 43, 64, 70, 85
Integration methods, 148–149
Intercultural attitudes, 137
International business, disabled colleagues in
disable employees, barriers for, 153–154
legislation, 154
workplace accommodations, 154
International business, perception of age in
age discrimination, 155–156
workplace accommodations, 156
International phase, 193, 195
Interpersonal relations orientation, 112–113
J
Judeo-Christianity, 37
L
Language barrier, 10, 66, 107
Language, nonstandard forms of
Euphemism, 103
Idioms, 103
Jargon, 103
Maxims, 103
Proverbs, 103
Slang, 103
Latin cultures, 52, 67, 104, 106
Leadership style, 149, 153
Legislation, 17, 153–154, 164
Listen actively, 109
Long-term orientation, 38, 119, 162, 168, 176, 178
Low context cultures, 59–60, 66, 68
M
Machiavellianism, 161–163, 171
Mano a mano, 124
Masculinity, 35, 39, 64–65, 85, 125
McDonald’s culture, 80
Mental program, notion of, 5–14
Misevaluation, 99, 180
Misinterpretation, 99, 180
Misperception, 99, 159, 180
Monocultural communication process, 94–95
Multicultural teams, 174
Multilocal phase, 195, 196
N
National culture, 16, 29, 79–91, 122, 174, 179, 181, 199
Networked phase, 194–195
Neutral, 59–60, 65–66, 128, 132, 163, 175, 182
Ningensei, 116, 121
Ningsei, 114
Nonverbal communication, differences in
conversation distance, 106
eye contact, 105
facial expression, 105
gestures, 105
silence, 104
touching, 106–107
voice, tone of, 104
O
Occupational segregation, 150–151
Organizational Culture, 80, 145–147, 150
Organizational dynamics, 82
P
Particularistic cultures, 53, 137, 166
Paternalistic management style, 86
Pay inequity, 152
Perceptions, 44–45, 53, 61, 97, 111, 150, 155, 171, 187
Pluricultural teams, 174
Power Distance (PDI), 26, 30–33, 39–40, 64–65, 72, 83–87, 99–100, 114, 128, 131, 135–136, 140, 162, 166, 179, 201
Proactively, 109
Psychological egotism, 160–161, 171
R
Relativism, reef of, 170
Representational diversity, 144–145
Rhetorical styles, 67–70
S
Scandinavian cultures, 6, 67
Sequentials, 48–52, 55, 71, 112
Short-term orientation, 25, 37–38, 165, 168, 177
Show empathy, 109
Socialization process, 5, 95, 98
Specific cultures, 56–58
Stakeholder approaches, 167–168
Stereotypes, 148–150
Sweet codependence, 114
Synchronic cultures, 48–50, 52, 71, 114, 161, 201
T
Task orientation, 85–86, 112–113
Teams, types of
American football teams, 175–177
basketball teams, 175
tennis doubles teams, 177
Tolerate ambiguity, 109
U
Uncertainty Avoidance (UAI), 26, 33–35, 40, 64–65, 84–85, 114, 120, 166, 171, 175
Unethical, 53, 159–160, 163
Utilitarianism, 165–167
W
Wage discrimination, 152
World phase, 194–195