Index

A
Accessibility guidelines, 5–7
Adjustable volume, 82–83
Adjust device output, 82–83
Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD), 31–32, 42, 50, 210, 215
Age differences, 220–222
Ageing Education and Harmonisation Project, 6
Aging world, 2–3
AICOS (Assistive Information and Communication Solutions), Fraunhofer, 181–183, 187–189, 192
AMD (Age-related Macular Degeneration), 31–32, 42, 50, 210, 215
Articulation, 80
ASSISTANT, 182, 193–198
other public transit systems, 193–194
personal navigation device screen, 197–198
phased and iterative approach, 194–196
web-based component, 196–197
Assistive Information and Communication Solutions (AICOS), Fraunhofer, 181–183, 187–189, 192
Attitude, older adults, 7, 15–17, 145–158, 160, 169, 208, 220, 221, 227
blaming, 147
design guidelines, 149–158, 227
frustration, 146
not considering self old, 148
risk aversion, 145
Attitude, industry, 6, 210, 216
Audible audio output, 80–81
B
Birth generations, 19, 20
C
Case studies
ASSISTANT, 182, 193–198
other public transit systems, 193–194
personal navigation device screen, 197–198
phased and iterative approach, 194–196
web-based component, 196–197
eCAALYX TV user interface, 181, 183–187
background, 183
card sorting icons, 184
current status, 187
evaluation, 184
formal usability evaluation, 185–187
hidden video control panel access, 185–187
prototyping, 184
redesign phase, 184
research phase, 184
GoLivePhone, 181–182, 187–192
basic metaphor, 189, 190
COLABORAR user network, 188–189
contacts application, 189–191
current status, 192
look-and-feel, transformation of, 192
Subaru auto infotainment system, 182, 198–209
design decisions, 207–208
final remarks, 209
groundbreaking methodology, 199–200
intuitive, 199
iterative process, 200–204
recommendations, 208–209
testing, 205–207
Virtual third-age simulator for web accessibility, 182–183, 209–217
evaluation phase, 216–217
introduction, 209–210
overview, 210–216
Center for Research and Education on Aging and Technology Enhancement (CREATE), 5
Cheat sheets, 127
Ciliary muscle, 28–29
Click target, 63–64
Cocktail party effect, 78
Cognition, 85–118, 221, 225–226
attentional blink, 95
burdening users memory, 105
change blindness, 95
cognitive blindness, 95, 96
cognitive interactions, 97–98
concise writing style, 108–109
consistency, 110–111
design guidelines, 98–118, 225–226
distractions, ability to ignore, 90–92
generalization between situations, 90
learning, 88–90
long-term memory storage and retrieval, 88–90
spatial memory, 93–94
memory
episodic memory, 89
long-term memory, 88–90
procedural memory, 89
prospective memory, 89
semantic memory, 89
short-term memory, 86–88
multitasking ability, 92
older adults, cognitive characteristics of, 85–98
processing speed, 95–97
skill transfer, 90, 95–97
CREATE (Center for Research and Education Technology Enhancement), 5
D
Digital immigrants, 19–21
Digital natives, 19–21
Double click, 68–69
E
eCAALYX TV user interface, 181, 183–187
background, 183
card sorting icons, 184
current status, 187
evaluation, 184
formal usability evaluation, 185–187
hidden video control panel access, 185–187
prototyping, 184
redesign phase, 184
research phase, 184
Exit strategy, 178–180
F
Fitts’ law, 57
Fovea, 29
Fraunhofer AICOS, 181–183, 187–189, 192
G
Generation gap
birth generations, 19–20
digital immigrants, 19–21
digital natives, 19–21
technology generations, 21–22
Gen X, 19
Gen Y, 19
Gen Z, 19
Glaucoma, 31
GoLivePhone, 181–182, 187–192
basic metaphor, 189, 190
COLABORAR user network, 188–189
contacts application, 189–191
current status, 192
look-and-feel, transformation of, 192
H
Hand-eye coordination, 56–58
Hearing, 73–84, 221, 224–225
age-related changes, 73–79
design guidelines, 79–84, 224–225
fast speech, understanding, 79
filtering out background noise, 78–79
high-frequency sounds, 76–77
localizing sounds, 77–78
low-volume sounds, 75–76
poor, 79
High-frequency sounds, 76–77, 80–81
Horizontal scrolling, 52
Human visual acuity, 28
I
Information access, 156
Intelligence
crystallized, 126
fluid, 126
K
Knowledge, 119–136, 226–227
design guidelines, 127–136, 226–227
digital technology gap in older adults, 120–127
control gestures, 123–124
domain knowledge, 126–127
icons, terms and acronyms, lack of familiarity with, 122–123
outdated understanding, 121–122, 124–126
L
Large fonts, 42–44
Localize sounds, 77–78
Long-term memory, 88–90
Low-volume sounds, 75–76
M
Macula, 31–32
Macular degeneration, age-related, 31–32, 42, 50, 210, 215
Manual dexterity, 56
Memory, 86–90
episodic, 89
long-term, 88–90
procedural, 89
prospective, 89
semantic, 89
short-term, 86–88
Motor control, 55–72, 221, 224
design guidelines, 63–71, 224
fine motor control, 56
Fitts’ law, 57
hand–eye coordination, 56–58
manual dexterity, 56
movement, 59
older adults and, 56–62
Steering law, 57
strength and stamina, 61–62
variance in movements, 59–61
Multi-finger gestures, 69–70
Multiple age-related changes, 6
O
Older adults, general, 13–22
ability, 17
aptitude, 17
attitude, 17
characteristics, 17–22
defined, 13–14
digital device ownership, 18–19
generation gap, 19–22
naming, 14–15
offline, 17–18
online, 17–18
personas, 22–26
P
Personal navigation device (PND), 182, 193, 195, 197–198
PND (Personal navigation device), 182, 193, 195, 197–198
Presbycusis, 73–75
Presbyopia, 14, 29, 210, 210
S
Search, 137–144, 227
age-related differences, 137–138
knowledge compensation, 138
rate of entry, 137
repetition, 137–138
success, 138
design guidelines, 138–143, 227
search box, 138–141
Short-term memory, 86–88
Smart data input, 147
Specialized search functions, 138–141
Specification prototype, 204
age-related changes, 79–80
articulation, 80
hesitance, 80
rate of speech, 80
voice pitch, 80
design guidelines, 80–84, 224–225
Stamina, 61–62, 81
Static text, 42–44
Steering law, 57
Subaru auto infotainment system, 182, 198–209
design decisions, 207–208
final remarks, 209
intuitive, 199
iterative process, 200–204
methodology, 199–200
recommendations, 208–209
testing, 205–207
Swipe target, 63
T
Tap target, 63–68
Technology generations, 21–22
U
UX framework, 206
Vertical scrolling, 52
Virtual third-age simulator for web accessibility, 182–183, 209–217
evaluation phase, 216–217
introduction, 209–210
overview, 210–216
Vision, 27–54, 221, 223
central vision, 31–32
changes in brightness, adaptation to, 37–38
characteristics of vision in older adults, 28–42
colors, discrimination of, 33–36
contrast sensitivity, 33
design guidelines, 42–53, 223
eyestrain, 38
eyestrain, 38–39
farsightedness, 28–29
glare sensitivity, 37
light perception, 32–33
peripheral vision, 29–31
reading speed, 42
subtle indicators/distinctions, detection of, 38
visual acuity, 28
visual distractions, sensitivity to, 39–40
visual processing speed, 39–40
visual search, 40–41
Visual distractions sensitivity, 39–40
Visual language, 47–48
W
WCAG 2.0 (Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0), 6, 27, 195, 209–210
W3C (World Wide Web Consortium), 6, 209–210
WAI (Web Accessibility Initiative), 6
WAI-AGE (Web Accessibility Initiative), 6
Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 2.0(WCAG 2.0), 6, 27, 195, 209–210
WHO (World Health Organization), 2
Working memory capacity, 86–88
Working with older adults, 159–180, 228
behavior of older adults during design/usability evaluation, 161
data collection, 162
data evaluation, 162
guidelines for working with older adults, 162–180, 228
older adults as participants in design and evaluation, 160–162
recruiting older adult participants, 161
self-presentation of older adults, 161
unfamiliarity of older adults with usability studies/participatory design, 160
World Health Organization (WHO), 2
World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), 6, 209–210
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