There is also a special type of logger, called the root logger:

    <root level="info">
        <appender-ref ref="${logappender:-DUMMY}" />
        <appender-ref ref="F1" />
    </root>

The root logger acts as a default, allowing you to select the logging level and provide a list of appender-refs to apply the default settings to. Think of it as a default group policy logger, rather than a single configuration being applied to a log. All other loggers override the root logger for each value.