Part III. Instructional Guidelines for Imposing Relevant Cognitive Load

IN PART III WE INCLUDE only one chapter on proven techniques you can use to increase germane cognitive load. The reason for reducing extraneous load and managing intrinsic load is to free up working memory capacity for processing that leads to learning. Instructional strategies that lead to learning require mental work, which imposes germane cognitive load.

As research evolves, additional methods may be found that impose germane cognitive load. However, based on evidence currently available, in this part of the book we review four main methods that promote learning and transfer of learning. These include: the use of diverse worked examples to build more flexible mental models that support transfer of learning; encouraging learner explanations of worked examples in order to process them deeply; rehearsals that lead to automation of new knowledge and skills; and mental rehearsal of complex content after initial mental models are formed.

Read

To Find Out How to

Chapter 9. Put Working Memory to Work with Germane Load

Support transfer of learning with diverse worked examples

Promote learner self-explanations of worked examples

Help learners automate new skills

Promote mental rehearsal after initial formation of mental models

On the CD

Video Interview with John Sweller: Chapter Preview/Review

Chapter 9. Put Working Memory to Work with Germane Load. Overview of germane load, use of variable worked examples, self-explanations, and mental rehearsals

Sample Excel e-Lessons

After: Load-Managed Excel Web-Based Lesson. This asynchronous e-learning sample imposes germane cognitive load through varied context worked examples and practice exercises.

Virtual Classroom Example. This synchronous e-learning sample imposes germane cognitive load through varied context completion examples and practice exercises.

CHAPTER OUTLINE

Shifting from Extraneous to Relevant (Germane) Load

Guideline 21: Use Diverse Worked Examples to Foster Transfer of Learning

  • Near vs. Far Transfer of Learning

  • Getting Beneath the Cover Story

  • How to Build Flexible Schemas That Support Far Transfer

  • What Are Varied Context Examples?

  • The Psychology of Varied Context Worked Examples

  • Applying the Research

Guideline 22: Help Learners Exploit Examples Through Self-Explanations

  • What Are Self-Explanations?

  • What Is a Good Self-Explanation?

  • Applying the Research

  • Self Versus Peer Explanations

Guideline 23: Help Learners Automate New Knowledge and Skills

  • What Is Automaticity

  • How Do Skills Become Automatic?

  • When to Build Automatic Skills

  • Applying the Research

Guideline 24: Promote Mental Rehearsal of Complex Content After Mental Models Are Formed

  • What Is Mental Rehearsal?

  • When to Use Mental Rehearsal

  • Applying the Research

The Bottom Line

On the CD

  • John Sweller Video Interview

  • Sample Excel e-Lessons

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