A

Abbreviations, in dimensioning, 427

Addendum, in gears, 698, 699

Aligned dimensions, 52, 403–404

Aligned section views, 185

All-around fillet welds, 789–790

American National Standards Institute (ANSI), 167

on dimensions, 389, 390, 395

on orthographic views, 190–191

on threads, 312, 313, 319

American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), 190

American Standard

clearance locational fits, 824

interference locational fits, 827

running and sliding fits (hole basis), 825

transition locational fits, 826

Angled work planes, 129–132

Angle option, in Constrain tool, 231–232

Angular dimensions, 391, 413

Angularity tolerances, 509

Angular shapes, drawing, 19–20

Angular tolerances, 463–465

Animate tool, 238

Animating the LINKS, 272

Annotate panel, 177–178, 393

ANSI. See American National Standards Institute (ANSI)

Applications Option dialog box, 3, 4, 179

Arcs, sketching, 36–38

ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers), 190

Assemble panel bar, 223

Assembly drawings, 221–287

aligning, 278–279

Animate tool for, 238

Balloon tool for, 241–243

bottom-up assemblies, 221

Constrain tool for, 227–233

copying components in, 266–267, 286–287

creating and assembling parts, 261–263, 269–271

CROSSLINK, 268–269, 278

Degrees of Freedom option and, 224–226

drawing sheets for, 253–255

editing, 280–284

Free Move tool, 226

isometric, 238–241

LINKs, 264–267, 270–272, 275–277

mirroring components in, 285–286

numbers in, 241–243

Parts List tool for, 243–245

patterning components in, 284–285

plate, 272–275

presentation drawings, 235–237, 279–280

Rotate Component tool for, 227

saving, 234

sketch plane changes in, 261

springs in, 582–587

starting, 222–224, 260–261

subassemblies, 249–252

title blocks for, 246–248, 255–258

top-down assemblies, 221, 260–280

weldments, 3

work points and axes in, 263–264

Auxiliary views, 187–189

B

Backgrounds

gradient backgrounds, 29

grid backgrounds, 29

screen, changing color of, 3, 179–180

Backlash, defined, 698

Ball bearings, 671, 677–681

Balloon tool, 241–243

Baseline dimensions, 418–419, 468–469

Bearings, 671–685

ball, 671, 677–681

interface, 675

plain, 671, 672–676

thrust, 671, 681–685

Belleville springs, 580–582

Bend radii, 751–753

Bevel gears, 698, 718–725

Bilateral tolerances, 455–456

Bisector tool, for centerlines, 178, 183

Blind holes, 98, 317–319, 321–322, 324–325

Bolt circles, 57

Bolts, 322, 323, 325–332

Bottom-up assemblies, 221

Break views, 186–187

Bubble numbers, 242

Bushings. See Plain bearings

C

Callouts, in threads, 312–314

Cams, 799–814

defined, 799

displacement diagrams and, 799, 800

drawing, 801–803, 806–809

followers and, 809–814

hole additions to, 803–805

Center distance, of gears, 698

Centerline Bisector tool, 178, 183

Centerlines

adding, 176–178

dimensioning, 430

editing, 179

for holes, 394–395

symbols, 427–428

Center Point Arc tool, 38, 51

Chain dimensions, 467–468

Chamfers

defined, 46, 425

dimensioning, 425

on shafts, 606–610

sketching, 46–48

Chamfer tool, 104–105

Change orders (COs), 258

Circle Center Point tool, 33–34

Circles

location and size changes, 68–70

patterns of, 57–58, 113–114

sketching, 33–35, 142

Circle Tangent tool, 35

Circle tool, 12, 17, 34–35

Circularity tolerances, 495

Circular Pattern dialog box, 57

Circular Pattern tool, 113–114

Circular pitch, 698

Circular thickness, 698

Clearance, of gears, 699

Clearance fits, 474–475

Clearance locational fits, 824

Closed splines, 39

Coil tool, 146–148, 563–565, 568, 572, 579

Collars, 638–643

Columns, for parts lists, 245–246

Compound lines, 171–172

Compression springs, 563–570

coil ends, 565–570

drawing, with coil tool, 563–565

Constrain tool, 227–233

Angle option, 231–232

Flush option, 227–228

Insert option, 233

Mate option, 227–228

Offset option, 229

overview, 227

positioning objects with, 229–230

Tangent option, 232

Constraints, 52–55

Content Center, 311, 333, 339–340, 342, 345, 611, 643, 646

Copy Component tool, 286–287

Copy tool, 62–63, 266

Corners, in sheet metal drawings, 756–757

COs (change orders), 258

Counterbores, 336–339, 411–412

Countersunk holes, 333–337, 413

Create In-Place Component dialog box, 261, 262, 264

Create New File dialog box, 2, 27–28, 235

Crest, of threads, 312

CROSSLINK, 268–269, 278

Cuts, in sheet metal drawings, 757–759

Cutting planes, 181, 184

Cylinders, 128, 139

drawing a work axis at center of, 139

Cylindrical fits

hole basis, 828

shaft basis, 830

Cylindricity tolerances, 495–496

D

Datums, 498, 504–505

Datum surfaces, 480

Dedendum, defined, 698

Default planes and axes, 123–125

Degrees of Freedom option, 224–226

Design tab, 648–651

Detail views, 185–186

Deviation tolerances, 455

Dialog boxes. See specific dialog boxes

Diameter dimensions, 404–406

Diametral pitch, 697, 699

Dimension lines, 390

Dimensions and dimensioning, 389–435

aligned, 52, 403–404

angular, 391, 413

baseline, 418–419, 468–469

centerlines, 430

chain, 467–468

chamfers, 425

drawing, 389, 392–393

drawing scales and, 399–400

editing, 8–9

errors to avoid, 391–392

fillets and rounds, 422–423

holes and hole tables, 397–399, 406–407, 411–412, 419–420

horizontal, 394–395

irregular surfaces, 423–424

keys and keyseats, 426–427

knurls, 426

linear, 391, 472–473

locating, 421–422

model, 389, 393

ordinate, 415–417

orthographic views, 393, 429–430

overall, 395

to points, 428–429

polar, 424–425

radius and diameter, 404–406

rectangular, 470

reference, 408

section views, 429

symbols and abbreviations, 409–411, 427–428

terminology and conventions for, 390–392

text, 396–397, 406

3D, 430–431

types of, 389

units, 400–402

vertical, 395–396

Dimension tool, 34, 37, 49, 52, 389, 407

Disc Cam tool, 799, 801

Displacement diagrams, 800

Double dimensioning, 413, 466–467

Drawing dimensions, 389, 392–393

Drawing layout files, 3

Drawing notes, 259

Drawing revisions, 258

Drawings. See also Sketches

assembly drawings, 221–287 (See also Assembly drawings)

sheet metal, 747–768 (See also Sheet metal drawings)

starting, 1–3

weldment (See Weldment drawings)

Drawing scales, 399–400

Drawing sheets, 253–255

Drawing View dialog box, 175, 239, 240

Drill sizes, 479

Drive Constraint dialog box, 273

E

ECOs (engineering change orders), 258–259

Edit Dimension dialog box, 8, 68, 69, 458, 459

Edit Feature tool, 120

Editing

arcs, 37

assembly drawings, 280–284

balloons, 242

centerlines, 179

dimensions, 8–9

features, 89–90, 280–282

hole dimensions, 399

parts lists, 244–245

splines, 39–40

3D modeling, 88–90, 120–123

2D sketching, 68–69

Edit Sheet dialog box, 253

Edit Sketch tool, 120

Ellipses, sketching, 40–42

Ellipse tool, 42

Engineering change orders (ECOs), 258–259

Equilateral polygon, 48

Esc key, 31

Exploded assembly drawings, 235–237

Extend tool, 66–67

Extension lines, 390

Extension springs, 570–577

External rounded shapes, 423

Extrude dialog box, 10, 12, 85, 88, 90

Extrude tool, 10, 12, 15–16, 85–87, 621

F

Face Draft tool, 105–106

Face fillets, 101–103

Face width, 698

Fasteners, 322–352

accessing, 311

bolts, 325–332

counterbores and, 336–339

fixed, 517

floating, 514–515

hole designs based on size of, 490

length and depth determinations, 324–328

nuts, 328–332, 343–345

rivets, 351–352

screws, 328–329, 332–336, 339

setscrews, 348–351, 638–641

standard specifications for, 322–323

tolerances and, 490

washers, 345–348

Feature Control Frame dialog box, 498, 500, 502

Feature editing, 89–90, 280–282

Features, defined, 90

File extensions, 3

Fillets

adding, 123

defined, 44

dimensioning, 422

face fillets, 101–103

full round fillets, 100–101

sketching, 45–46

variable fillets, 103

Fillet tool, 99–103

Fillet welds, 779–786, 789–790

First-angle projections, 191–193

Fits, and tolerances, 474–476, 478–479

Fixed condition, 488–489

Fixed fasteners, 517

Flanges, 91–93, 753–754

Flat head screws, 333–337

Flatness tolerances, 491

Flat Pattern tool, 761

Flip tool, 57

Floating condition, 487–488

Floating fasteners, 514–515

Floating objects, 473

Flush option, in Constrain tool, 227–228

Followers, 809–814

Fonts, changing, 51

Format Text dialog box, 398

Free Move tool, 226

Free Orbit tool, 20

Full round fillets, 100–101

G

Gauges, wire and sheet metal, 823

Gear ratios, 706–707

Gears, 697–731

assemblies, 712

bevel, 698, 718–725

combinations of, 707–708

direction of, 708

drawing, 699–701

formulas for, 699

hub additions to, 701–706, 719–721

with keyways, 709–712, 721–723

meshing, 697, 708, 712, 718

ratio between, 706–707

spur, 698, 699–701, 709

terminology, 697–699

worm, 698, 726–729

Gear trains, 707–708

Geometric tolerances, 491, 496–500, 503

Geometry Text tool, 51–52

Get Started panel, 1, 2

Gradient backgrounds, 29

Grid backgrounds, 29

Groove welds, 791–792

Grounded components, 224

H

Hatch tool, 426

Height of text, changing, 51

Hexagons

defining size of, 49

sketching, 48–49

Hex head bolts, 325–327

Hex head screws, 329, 340

Hidden lines, 169–170

Hole-basis tolerances, 476–478, 679–689

Hole dialog box, 320, 321

Holes

adding, 10–12, 17–19

blind holes, 98, 317–319, 321–322, 324–325

in cams, 803–805

centerlines for, 394–395

counterbores, 336–339, 411–412

countersunk, 333–337, 413

in cylinders, 128

diameter changes, 121

dimensioning, 397–399, 406–407, 411–412, 419–420

fastener size and, 490

in sheet metal drawings, 755–756, 760–761

through holes, 96–97, 320–321

tolerances and, 470–473

Hole tables, 419–420

Hole tool, 319–321

Home tool, 21

Horizontal dimensions, 394–395

Hubs, gear, 701–706, 719–721

I

Idler gears, 708

Insert option, in Constrain tool, 233

Interference fits, 474, 475

Intermittent fillet welds, 786

Internal rounded shapes, 422–423

Internal threads, 315–316

International Organization for Standardization (ISO), 167, 190, 389, 390

Irregular surface dimensioning, 423–424

ISO. See International Organization for Standardization (ISO)

Isometric drawings, 238–241

Isometric 3D view, 9

Isometric position, returning to, 21

Isometric views, 180–181

K

Keys, 616–622

defined, 426

dimensioning, 426–427

Pratt and Whitney, 622–628

square, 426, 617–622, 628

Woodruff, 629–632

Keyways

creating, 621–622, 625–628

defined, 426

dimensioning, 426–427

gears with, 709–712, 721–723

plain groove, 628

on shafts, 616–622

Knurls, 426

L

Lay, defined, 481

Lay symbols, 485–486

Leader lines, 391

Length of models, changing, 120–121

Limits/Fits Calculator, 475–476, 479

Limit tolerances, 455, 462–463

Linear dimensions, 391, 472–473

Lines

compound, 171–172

defining lengths of, 31–33

hidden, 169–170

precedence of, 170–171

Line tool, 29–31

LINKs, 264–267, 270–272, 275–277

Locating dimensions, 421–422

Loft tool, 141–143

M

Major diameter, of threads, 312

Mate option, in Constrain tool, 227–228

Material designations, 148–149

Maximum material condition (MMC), 493, 494, 507, 514–515

Meshing gears, 697, 708, 712, 718

Minor diameter, of threads, 312

Mirror Component tool, 285–286

Mirror tool, 59–60, 111–112

MMC. See Maximum material condition (MMC)

Model dimensions, 389, 393

Modeling. See 3D modeling

Module, in gears, 698

Mouse wheel, 224, 226

Move tool, 60–62

Multiple section views, 187

N

New File dialog box, 2

Nominal sizes, 474

Normal surfaces, 168–169

Number of teeth, in gears, 698, 699

Numbers, in assembly drawings, 241–243

Nuts, 328–332, 343–345

O

Oblique surfaces, 172

Oblique work planes, 136–137

Offset option, in Constrain tool, 229

Offset section views, 184

Offset tool, 67–68, 142, 143

Offset work planes, 132–134

Open dialog box, 175, 236

Open splines, 39

Ordinate dimensions, 415–417

O-rings, 643–648

Orthographic views, 167–193

auxiliary, 187–189

break, 186–187

centerlines and, 176–178

creating, 173–176

defined, 167

detail, 185–186

dimensioning, 393, 429–430

drawing standards for, 190–191

fundamentals of, 168–173

isometric, 181–182

section, 181–183, 187

third- and first-angle projections, 191–193

Outside diameter, 698

Overall dimensions, 395

Overdimensioning, 414–415, 466–467

P

Parallelism tolerances, 508

Part files, 3

Parts List tool, 243–245

Path, creating, 146

Pattern Component tool, 284–285

Patterns

circular, 57–58, 113–114

Mirror tool for, 59–60

rectangular, 55–57, 112–113

for 2D sketching, 55–60

Perpendicularity tolerances, 498–499, 505–508

Pins, 641–643

Pitch, of threads, 312–313, 319

Pitch diameter, 697, 699

Place Component dialog box, 223

Place Constraint dialog box, 227, 228, 231–233

Place Views tool, 239

Plain bearings, 671, 672–676

Plain groove keyways, 628

Plate, in assembly drawings, 272–275

Plus and minus tolerances, 455–462

Points, dimensioning to, 428–429

Point tool, 43

Polar dimensions, 424–425

Polygons, sketching, 48–49

Positional tolerances, 500–502, 512–513

Power Transmission panel, 625–628, 648

Pratt and Whitney keys, 622–628

Preferred clearance fits

cylindrical fits (hole basis), 828

cylindrical fits (shaft basis), 830

Preferred pitches, 698

Preferred transition and interference fits

hole basis, 829

shaft basis, 831

Presentation drawings, 235–237, 279–280

Presentation files, 3

Pressure angles, 699

Profile tolerances, 509–510

Punch tool, 762–768

R

Radius dimensions, 404–406

Rectangles

patterns of, 55–57, 112–113

sizing, 6–8

sketching, 4–6, 43–44

Rectangular dimensions, 470

Rectangular Pattern dialog box, 57

Rectangular Pattern tool, 112–113

Reference dimensions, 408

Regardless of feature size (RFS) application, 493, 494, 507

Release blocks, 255

Reliefs, in sheet metal drawings, 755

Restoring work planes, 129

Retaining rings, 611–616

Revision blocks, 256–258

Revolve tool, 94–96

RFS. See Regardless of feature size (RFS) application

Ribs (webs), 139–141

Rivets, 351–352

Root, of threads, 312

Root diameter, 698

Rotate Component tool, 226, 227

Rotate tool, 64–65

Rotating objects, 20–21

Roughness, defined, 481

Rounded surfaces, 172–173

Rounds, dimensioning, 422–423

Running and sliding fits (hole basis), 825

Runout tolerances, 510–512

S

Save As command, 12

Screen background, changing color of, 3, 179–180

Screws, 328–329, 332–336, 339, 340–341

Section views

aligned, 185

defined, 181

dimensioning, 429

drawing, 182–183

multiple, 187

offset, 184

Select Assembly dialog box, 236

Setscrews, 348–351, 638–641

Shaft-basis tolerances, 476–478, 679–681

Shafts, 605–651

collars and, 638–643

Design tab for, 648–651

interface, 675

keys and, 616–622

o-rings and, 643–648

retaining rings and, 611–616

with splines, 632–638

uniform shafts with chamfered ends, 606–610

Shaft tolerances, 672–673

Sheet metal drawings, 747–768

bend radii and, 751–753

corners in, 756–757

creating, 747–749

cuts in, 757–759

flanges and, 753–754

Flat Pattern tool for, 761

holes in, 755–756, 760–761

Punch tool for, 762–768

reliefs and, 755

tabs and, 754–755

thickness added to, 749–751

Sheet metal gauges, 823

Shell tool, 107–108

Simple holes, 96

Sketches. See also Drawings; 2D sketching

creating, 4–6, 146–148

defined, 90

editing, 88–89, 280–284

Sketch panel, 27–29, 621

Sketch planes, 114–119, 261

Slanted surfaces, 171

Sleeve bearings. See Plain bearings

Slots, 422

Solid modeling. See 3D modeling

Splines

defined, 39

editing, 39–40

shafts with, 632–638

sketching, 39

Split tool, 109–110

Springs, 563–604

in assembly drawings, 582–587

Belleville, 580–582

compression, 563–582

extension, 570–577

torsion, 577–580

Spur gears, 698, 699–701, 709

Square keys, 426, 617–622, 628

Squares

projecting, 143

sketching, 142

Standard tolerances, 465–466

Straightness tolerances, 492–495, 499–500

Style and Standard Editor dialog box, 396, 403, 460, 465

Subassemblies, 249–252

Supports

for bevel gears, 724–725

for worm gears, 728–729

Surface finishes, 480–486

Surface texture, 480

Sweep tool, 144–146

Symbols

datum, 505

dimensioning, 409–411, 427–428

surface control, 482–484

weldment drawings, 787–789

Symbols panel, 177, 178

Symmetric tolerances, 456

T

Tabs, in sheet metal drawings, 754–755

Tangent Arc tool, 37

Tangent option, in Constrain tool, 232

Tangent work planes, 127–128

Tapering, 87–90

T-brackets, 784

Text

dimensioning, 396–397, 406

font and text height changes, 51

positioning, 396–397

unidirectional, 395–396

Text tool, 49–52

Third-angle projections, 191–193

Threads, 311–322

accessing, 311

blind holes for, 317–319, 321–322, 324–325

callouts, 312–314

Hole tool for, 319–321

internal, 315–316

representations of, 314–315

terminology for, 312

3D dimensioning, 430–431

3D modeling, 85–149

Chamfer tool for, 104–105

Circular Pattern tool for, 113–114

Coil tool for, 146–148

default planes and axes in, 123–125

editing, 88–90, 120–123

Extrude tool for, 10, 12, 15–16, 85–87

Face Draft tool for, 105–106

Fillet tool for, 98–103

holes in, 10–12, 17–19, 96–98

Loft tool for, 141, 143

material designations for, 148–149

Mirror tool for, 111–112

Rectangular Pattern tool for, 112–113

Revolve tool for, 94–96

ribs (webs) in, 139–141

saving, 12

Shell tool for, 107–108

sketch planes and, 114–119

Split tool for, 109–110

starting, 9–12

Sweep tool for, 144–146

tapering in, 87–90

ViewCube and, 90–93

work axes in, 135, 138–139

work planes in, 125–134

work points in, 135–137

Three-point arc tool, 36–37

Three Point Rectangle tool, 44

Through holes, 96–97, 320–321

Thrust bearings, 671, 681–685

Title blocks, 246–248, 255–258

Tolerances, 455–521

analysis of, 469–470

angular, 463–465

angularity, 509

chain and baseline dimensions and, 468–470

circularity, 495

cylindricity, 495–496

datums and, 498, 504–505

defined, 455

design problems and, 486–487, 519–521

direct methods, 455–456

double dimensioning and, 466–467

expressions, 457

fastener size and, 490

fits, 474–476, 478–479

fixed condition and, 488–489, 517

flatness, 491

floating condition and, 487–488, 514–515

of form, 491

geometric, 491, 496–500, 503

hole and shaft, 478, 679–681

holes and, 470–473

limit, 455, 462–463

linear dimensions and, 472–473

nominal sizes and, 474

of orientation, 504

parallelism, 508

perpendicularity, 498–499, 505–508

plus and minus, 455–462

positional, 500–502, 512–513

profile, 509–510

rectangular dimensions and, 470

runout, 510–512

shaft, 672–673

standard, 465–466

straightness, 492–495, 499–500

surface finishes and, 480–486

virtual condition and, 514

Tolerances of form, 491

Tolerances of orientation, 504

Tolerance studies, 469–470

Top-down assemblies, 221, 260–280

Torsion springs, 577–580

Trails, hiding, 237

Transition fits, 474, 475

Transition locational fits, 826

Trim tool, 37, 65–66

Tweak Components tool, 236–237

2D sketching, 27–76

arcs, 36–38

chamfers, 46–48

circles, 33–35

Constrain panel in, 52–55

Copy tool in, 62–63

Dimension tool in, 34, 49, 52

editing, 68–69

ellipses, 40–42

Extend tool in, 66–67

fillets, 45

hexagons, 48–49

Line tool in, 29–31

Mirror tool in, 59–60

Move tool in, 60–62

Offset from Plane tool, 142, 143

Offset tool in, 67–68

patterns for, 55–60

Point tool in, 43

polygons, 48–49

rectangles, 4–6, 43–44

Rotate tool in, 64–65

Sketch panel for, 27–29

splines, 39

Text tool in, 49–52

Trim tool in, 37, 65–66

Two Point Rectangle tool, 43

U

U-brackets, 675–676

Undo tool, 9, 88

Unidirectional text, 395–396

Unified screw threads, 313–314

Uniform shafts, 606–610

Unilateral tolerances, 455–456

Units, dimensioning, 400–402

V

Variable fillets, 103

Vertical dimensions, 395–396

ViewCube, 90–93

Views. See Orthographic views

Virtual condition, 514

W

Washers, 345–348

Webs (ribs), 139–141

Weldment drawings, 779

creating, 792–793

defined, 779

fillet welds, 779–786, 789–790

groove welds, 791–792

symbols, 787–789

Whole depth, 698

Wire gauges, 823

Woodruff keys, 629–632

Work axes, 135, 138–139, 263–264, 271, 584–587

Working depth, 698

Work planes, 125–134

angled, 129–132

defined, 125

help features for, 125–126

hiding, 129

oblique, 136–137

offset, 132–134

restoring, 129

tangent, 127–128

Work points, 135–137, 263–264

Worm gears, 698, 726–729