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by Conrad Carlberg
Fluid Mechanics for Chemical Engineers: with Microfluidics, CFD, and COMSOL Multiphysics 5, 3rd Edition
Preface
Contents
Part I: Macroscopic Fluid Mechanics
Chapter 1. Introduction To Fluid Mechanics
1.1 Fluid Mechanics in Chemical Engineering
1.2 General Concepts of a Fluid
1.3 Stresses, Pressure, Velocity, and the Basic Laws
1.4 Physical Properties—Density, Viscosity, and Surface Tension
1.5 Units and Systems of Units
1.6 Hydrostatics
1.7 Pressure Change Caused by Rotation
Problems For Chapter 1
Chapter 2. Mass, Energy, And Momentum Balances
2.1 General Conservation Laws
2.2 Mass Balances
2.3 Energy Balances
2.4 Bernoulli’s Equation
2.5 Applications of Bernoulli’s Equation
2.6 Momentum Balances
2.7 Pressure, Velocity, and Flow Rate Measurement
Problems For Chapter 2
Chapter 3. Fluid Friction In Pipes
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Laminar Flow
3.3 Models for Shear Stress
3.4 Piping and Pumping Problems
3.5 Flow in Noncircular Ducts
3.6 Compressible Gas Flow in Pipelines
3.7 Compressible Flow in Nozzles
3.8 Complex Piping Systems
Problems For Chapter 3
Chapter 4 Flow In Chemical Engineering Equipment
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Pumps and Compressors
4.3 Drag Force on Solid Particles in Fluids
4.4 Flow Through Packed Beds
4.5 Filtration
4.6 Fluidization
4.7 Dynamics of a Bubble-Cap Distillation Column
4.8 Cyclone Separators
4.9 Sedimentation
4.10 Dimensional Analysis
Problems For Chapter 4
Part II: Microscopic Fluid Mechanics
Chapter 5. Differential Equations of Fluid Mechanics
5.1 Introduction to Vector Analysis
5.2 Vector Operations
5.3 Other Coordinate Systems
5.4 The Convective Derivative
5.5 Differential Mass Balance
5.6 Differential Momentum Balances
5.7 Newtonian Stress Components in Cartesian Coordinates
Problems For Chapter 5
Chapter 6. Solution Of Viscous-Flow Problems
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Solution of the Equations of Motion in Rectangular Coordinates
6.3 Alternative Solution Using a Shell Balance
6.4 Poiseuille and Couette Flows in Polymer Processing
6.5 Solution of the Equations of Motion in Cylindrical Coordinates
6.6 Solution of the Equations of Motion in Spherical Coordinates
Problems For Chapter 6
Chapter 7. Laplace’s Equation, Irrotational and Porous-Media Flows
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Rotational and Irrotational Flows
7.3 Steady Two-Dimensional Irrotational Flow
7.4 Physical Interpretation of the Stream Function
7.5 Examples of Planar Irrotational Flow
7.6 Axially Symmetric Irrotational Flow3
7.7 Uniform Streams and Point Sources
7.8 Doublets and Flow Past a Sphere
7.9 Single-Phase Flow in a Porous Medium
7.10 Two-Phase Flow in Porous Media
7.11 Wave Motion in Deep Water
Problems For Chapter 7
Chapter 8. Boundary-Layer And Other Nearly Unidirectional Flows
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Simplified Treatment of Laminar Flow Past a Flat Plate
8.3 Simplification of the Equations of Motion
8.4 Blasius Solution for Boundary-Layer Flow
8.5 Turbulent Boundary Layers
8.6 Dimensional Analysis of the Boundary-Layer Problem
8.7 Boundary-Layer Separation
8.8 The Lubrication Approximation
8.9 Polymer Processing by Calendering
8.10 Thin Films and Surface Tension
Problems For Chapter 8
Chapter 9. Turbulent Flow
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Physical Interpretation of the Reynolds Stresses
9.3 Mixing-Length Theory
9.4 Determination of Eddy Kinematic Viscosity and Mixing Length
9.5 Velocity Profiles Based on Mixing-Length Theory
9.6 The Universal Velocity Profile for Smooth Pipes
9.7 Friction Factor in Terms of Reynolds Number for Smooth Pipes
9.8 Thickness of the Laminar Sublayer
9.9 Velocity Profiles and Friction Factor for Rough Pipe
9.10 Blasius-Type Law and the Power-Law Velocity Profile
9.11 A Correlation for the Reynolds Stresses
9.12 Computation of Turbulence by the k–[epsilon1] Method
9.13 Analogies Between Momentum and Heat Transfer
9.14 Turbulent Jets
Problems For Chapter 9
Chapter 10. Bubble Motion, Two-Phase Flow, And Fluidization
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Rise of Bubbles in Unconfined Liquids
10.3 Pressure Drop and Void Fraction in Horizontal Pipes
10.4 Two-Phase Flow in Vertical Pipes
10.5 Flooding
10.6 Introduction to Fluidization
10.7 Bubble Mechanics
10.8 Bubbles in Aggregatively Fluidized Beds
Problems For Chapter 10
Chapter 11. Non-Newtonian Fluids
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Classification of Non-Newtonian Fluids
11.3 Constitutive Equations for Inelastic Viscous Fluids
11.4 Constitutive Equations for Viscoelastic Fluids
11.5 Response to Oscillatory Shear
11.6 Characterization of the Rheological Properties of Fluids
Problems For Chapter 11
Chapter 12. Microfluidics And Electrokinetic Flow Effects
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Physics of Microscale Fluid Mechanics
12.3 Pressure-Driven Flow Through Microscale Tubes
12.4 Mixing, Transport, and Dispersion
12.5 Species, Energy, and Charge Transport
12.6 The Electrical Double Layer and Electrokinetic Phenomena
12.7 Measuring the Zeta Potential
12.8 Electroviscosity
12.9 Particle and Macromolecule Motion in Microfluidic Channels
Problems For Chapter 12
Chapter 13. An Introduction To Computational Fluid Dynamics And Ansys Fluent
13.1 Introduction and Motivation
13.2 Numerical Methods
13.3 Learning CFD by Using ANSYS Fluent
13.4 Practical CFD Examples
References for Chapter 13
Chapter 14. Comsol Multiphysics For Solving Fluid Mechanics Problems
14.1 COMSOL Multiphysics—An Overview
14.2 The Steps for Solving Problems in COMSOL
14.3 How to Run COMSOL
14.4 Variables, Constants, Expressions, and Units
14.5 Boundary Conditions
14.6 Variables Used by COMSOL
14.7 Wall Functions in Turbulent-Flow Problems
14.8 Streamline Plotting in COMSOL
14.9 Special COMSOL Features Used in the Examples
14.10 Drawing Tools
14.11 Fluid Mechanics Problems Solvable by COMSOL
14.12 Conclusion—Problems and Learning Tools
Problems
Other Learning Tools
Appendix A. Useful Mathematical Relationships
Geometrical Shapes
Derivatives
Integrals
Trigonometric Identities
Hyperbolic Functions
Taylor’s Expansion
Simpson’s Rule
Solution of ODEs by Separation of Variables
Numerical Solution of Differential Equations by Euler’s Method
Curvature
Leibnitz’s Rule
Successive Substitutions
Appendix B. Answers To The True/False Assertions
Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
Chapter 4
Chapter 5
Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
Chapter 9
Chapter 10
Chapter 11
Chapter 12
Appendix C. Some Vector And Tensor Operations
Dyadic Product of Two Vectors
The “Divergence” of a Tensor
The “Laplacian” of a Vector
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