Index

  • Acceptable quality levels (AQL)
    • acceptable sampling
    • standardized sampling plan
  • Acceptance control chart
  • Acceptance number
  • Acceptance sampling plan
    • average outgoing quality (AOQ)
    • average outgoing quality limit (AOQL)
    • average sample number (ASN)
    • average total inspection (ATI)
    • double sampling plan
    • history of
    • meaning of
    • multiple sampling plan
    • operating characteristic curve
    • pros and cons of
    • risks in sampling plan
    • sample size
    • single sampling plan
    • time for
    • variable sampling
  • Accumulation analysis
  • Accuracy, of data set
  • Activity-based costing (ABC)
  • Act stage, of Deming cycle
  • Adams, B. M.
  • Additive law, of probability
  • Adjustment factor
  • Aliases
  • Alias structure
  • Alt, F. B.
  • Alternate fraction
  • Alternative hypothesis
  • American National Standards Institute (ANSI)/American Society for Quality (ASQ). See entries under ANSI/ISO/ASQ
  • American Society for Quality (ASQ)
    • history of
  • Analysis of variance (ANOVA)
    • differences among treatment means
    • F-statistic
    • Minitab for
  • Anderson-Darling test
  • ANSI/ISO/ASQ Q9000 Standard
  • ANSI/ISO/ASQ Standard A3534-2
  • ANSI/ISO/ASQ Standard A8402
  • ANSI/ISO/ASQ Standard QS 9000
  • ANSI/ISO/ASQ Standard Z1.4
  • ANSI/ISO/ASQ Standard Z1.9
  • Appraisal costs
  • Arnold, S. F.
  • Arrays, orthogonal
  • AS 9100 Standard
  • Assemblies, tolerances on
  • Association, measures of
    • mean-squared contingency
    • Cramer's V
  • AT&T
    • benchmarking
  • Attribute control charts
    • advantages of
      • c-chart when zero defects are not observable
    • control
    • for demerits per unit
    • disadvantages of
    • np-chart
  • Attribute control charts (Continued)
    • for number of nonconforming items
    • for number of nonconformities
    • for number of nonconformities per unit
    • g-chart
    • operating characteristic curves
    • p-chart
      • risk-adjusted p-chart
    • preliminary decision making
    • process capability analysis based on
    • for proportion of nonconforming items
    • sample size
    • U-chart
    • u-charts
      • risk-adjusted u-charts
  • Attributes
    • levels of
    • of quality
  • Attribute sampling plan
    • chain sampling plan
    • Deming's kp rule
    • Dodge–Romig plans
    • double sampling plan
    • multiple sampling plan
    • sequential sampling plan
    • single sampling plan
    • standardized sampling plan
  • Auditors, types of
  • Autocorrelation
    • Cochrane–Orcutt procedure
  • Automotive Industry Action Group (AIAG)
  • Availability
  • Average outgoing quality (AOQ)
  • Average outgoing quality limit (AOQL)
    • Dodge–Romig plans
  • Average run length (ARL)
    • control charts
    • cumulative sum chart (cusum charts) for
  • Average sample number (ASN)
  • Average total inspection (ATI)
  • Balanced experiment
  • Balanced scorecard (BSC)
    • diagnostic measures
    • outcome measures
    • performance drivers
    • perspectives of
    • strategic measures
  • Banks, J.
  • Barnard, G. A.
  • Bathtub curve, phases in
  • Bayes' rule
    • posterior probability
    • prior probability
  • Beaver, R.
  • Behrens–Fisher problem
  • Benchmarking
    • benefits of
    • impetus for
    • models for
  • Besterfield, D. H.
  • Big data
  • Binomial distribution
    • calculation of
    • cumulative, table for
    • hypergeometric distribution approximation
    • normal approximation
    • Poisson approximation
  • Blischke, W. R.
  • Blocking, experimental design
  • Boudot, J. R.
  • Bowker, A. H.
  • Box, G. E.
  • Box–Cox transformation
  • Box plots
    • notched box plot
  • Boyles, R. A.
  • Bunches, control charts
  • Calibration
    • of measurement instrument
  • Campanella, J.
  • Capability ratio (CR)
  • Cause-and-effect diagrams
    • cause enumeration
    • dispersion analysis
    • fishbone diagrams
    • history of
    • Ishikawa diagrams
    • process analysis
    • use of
  • Cause enumeration
  • c-chart
    • with no standard given
    • and Poisson distribution
    • process capability measurement
    • with standard specified
  • Centerline
    • control charts
    • factors for computation of
  • Central limit theorem
  • Chain sampling plan
    • operating characteristic curve
  • Chambers, J. M.
  • Chance-failure phase
  • Change management, and benchmarking
  • Check stage, of Deming cycle
  • Chi-squared distribution
    • chi-square values for right-tail area
  • Chi-squared test
  • Chou, Y.
  • Chronic problems
    • Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award
  • Clearance fits
  • Clement, J.
  • Cleveland, W. S.
  • Clustering
  • Cluster sample
  • Cochran, W. G.
  • Coefficient of determination
    • adjusted R2
  • Cohen, L.
  • Common causes, nature of
  • Competitive position, and quality improvement
  • Complementary events, probability
  • Completely randomized design
    • two-factor factorial experiment
  • Complex systems, and reliability
  • Components in parallel, and reliability
  • Components in series, and reliability
  • Compound events, probability
  • Confidence coefficient
    • Bonferroni method
    • family level
    • SchÕffe method
    • Working–Hotelling method
  • Confidence interval
    • for difference between two binomial proportions
    • for difference between two means
    • for the mean
    • one- and two-sided
    • for proportion
    • for ratio of two variances
    • for variance
  • Confirmation experiments
  • Conformance, quality of
  • Conformity quality audit
  • Confounding
    • meaning of
    • in 2k factorial experiment
  • Constant failure rate, exponential distribution
  • Consumer's risk
    • acceptance sampling
    • and OC curve
    • single sampling plan
  • Contingency tables
  • Continuous quality improvement practices
    • benchmarking
    • and innovation
    • quality audits
    • and vendors
  • Continuous quality improvement tools
    • cause-and-effect diagrams
    • flow charts
    • Pareto diagrams
    • scatter plots
  • Continuous variables
  • Contrast
    • contrasts of totals
    • defining contrast
    • factorial experiments
    • orthogonal contrasts
  • Control chart construction
    • acceptance control chart
    • control limits
    • cumulative sum chart (cusum chart)
      • risk-adjusted cusum chart
    • exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) chart
      • risk-adjusted EWMA chart
    • geometric moving-average control chart
    • Hotelling's T2 control chart
    • for highly conforming processes
    • for individual units
    • for mean and range
    • for mean and standard deviation
    • Minitab
    • modified control chart
    • moving-average control chart
    • from moving ranges
    • multivariate control charts
    • R-chart
    • risk-adjusted sequential probability ratio test
  • Control chart construction (Continued)
    • sample size
    • s-chart
    • short production runs
    • standardized control charts
    • steps in development
    • variable life-adjusted (VLAD) chart
    • X-chart
    • Z-MR chart
  • Control chart patterns
    • bunches/groups
    • cyclic patterns
    • freaks
    • gradual shifts in level
    • interaction patterns
    • mixture patterns
    • natural patterns
    • stratification patterns
    • sudden shifts in level
    • trending pattern
    • wild patterns
  • Control charts
    • for attributes. See Attribute charts
    • average run length
    • benefits of
    • characteristics for investigation
    • construction of. See Control chart construction
    • control limits effects
    • control limits selection
    • data recording forms
    • history of
    • instant-of-time method for sample observations
    • interpretation of plots
    • lines, meaning of
    • maintenance of
    • measuring instrument selection
    • and online process control
    • operating characteristic curve
    • out-of-control points, cause of
    • out-of-control process identification
    • pattern analysis, steps in
    • pre-construction decisions
    • process capability analysis based on
    • purpose of
    • rational samples, selection of
    • sample size
    • sample size effects
    • sampling frequency
    • for service industries
    • statistical process control (SPC)
    • and type I error
    • and overall type I errors
    • and type II errors
    • variation, causes of
    • warning limits
  • Control limits
    • compared to specification limits
    • control chart construction
    • for control charts
    • factors for computation of
  • Convenience sampling
  • Corporate culture
  • Corrective action
    • process of
  • Correlation coefficient
    • calculation of
    • degrees of correlation, types of
  • Cost base index, quality cost measure
  • Costs, product and service
    • batch level
    • direct
    • drivers of
    • indirect
    • product/service level
    • production/service sustaining
    • unit level
  • Count data, analysis
  • Cp index
  • Cpk index
  • Critical to quality (CTQ) characteristics
  • Crosby, Philip B.
    • absolutes of quality management
    • background information
    • 14-step quality improvement plan
    • quality management grid
  • Cumulative binomial distribution, table for
  • Cumulative distribution function
  • Cumulative Poisson distribution, table for
  • Cumulative sum chart (cusum charts)
    • for average run length (ARL)
    • process variability, for
    • pros/cons of
    • tabular method
    • V-mask parameters
  • Customers
    • Deming's view of
    • Juran's view
    • needs of
    • and quality function deployment (QFD)
    • satisfaction
    • and total quality management (TQM)
  • Cyclic patterns, control charts
  • Data collection
    • accuracy and precision
    • continuous and discrete variables
    • by observation
  • Debugging phase
  • Defect
    • Deming's view of
    • meaning of
  • Defining contrast
  • Degrees of freedom
  • Dehnad, K.
  • Demerits per unit, chart for
  • Deming's kp rule
    • basic assumptions in
    • evaluation of
  • Deming, W. Edwards
    • deadly diseases of
    • Deming cycle
    • extended process of
    • 14 points for management
    • philosophy of
    • System of profound knowledge
  • Department of Defense (DOD)
  • Descriptive statistics, nature of
  • Design for manufacturability
  • Design, quality of
  • Design resolution,k factorial experiment
  • Diagnostic arm
  • Direct observation
  • Discrete variables
  • Dispersion analysis
  • Dodge, H. F.
  • Dodge–Romig plans
    • average outgoing quality limit (AOQL)
    • limiting quality level
  • Do stage, of Deming cycle
  • Double-blind study
  • Double sampling plan
    • acceptance sampling
    • attribute sampling
    • average sample number
    • average total inspection curve
    • design of
    • OC curve
  • Draper, N. R.
  • Duncan, A. J.
  • Durbin–Watson test
  • Eastman Chemical Company, and total quality management (TQM)
  • Eco-Management and Auditing Scheme (EMAS)
  • Effectiveness, service business
  • Efficiency, service business
  • Ehrlich, B. H.
  • Electronic data interchange
  • El-Haik, B.
  • Elsayed, A.
  • Empirical distribution plots
  • Employee
    • quality and service industries
  • Enterprise resource planning
  • Environmental management
    • benefits of
    • scope of activities
    • standards development
  • Error bound
  • Error component
    • independence
    • mean
    • mean square
    • probability distribution
    • variance
  • Errors in sampling
    • misspecification
    • nonresponse
    • random variation
  • Estimation
    • mean response
    • simultaneous confidence intervals
  • Ethical characteristics, of quality
  • Expected opportunity loss
  • Expected value
    • of perfect information (EVPI)
  • Experimental design
    • analysis of variance (ANOVA)
    • balanced/unbalanced experiment
    • blocking
    • completely randomized design
    • confirmation experiments
    • design elements
    • double-blind study
    • factorial experiments
  • Experimental design (Continued)
    • fixed effects model
    • Latin square design
    • measurement bias
    • random effects model
    • randomization
    • randomized block design
    • replication
    • single-blind study
    • usefulness of
    • variables
    • See also Factorial experiments; Taguchi method
  • Experimental error
  • Experimental unit, in experiment
  • Exponential distribution
    • calculation of
    • for model failure rate
    • standby system
    • systems with components in parallel
    • systems with components in series
    • systems with components in series/parallel
  • Exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) chart
  • Extended process, Deming's view
  • External failure costs
  • External noise
  • F, values for right-tail area
  • Factorial experiments
    • contrast, role of
    • 2k factorial experiment
    • two-factor with completely randomized design
    • two-factor with randomized block design
    • uses of
  • Factors, in experiment
  • Failure mode and effects criticality analysis (FMECA)
    • risk priority number (RPN)
  • Failure-rate function
    • exponential distribution
    • Weibull distribution
  • Failure-terminated test
    • with Handbook H-108
  • F-distribution
  • Federal Express Company, performance measures of
  • Feigenbaum, A. V.
  • Fellers, G.
  • Fishbone diagrams
    • history of
  • Fixed effects model
  • Flow charts, use of
  • Ford Motor Company
  • Foreman Quality Control period
  • Forms 1 and 2
    • variable sampling plans
  • 14 points for management, of Deming
  • 14-step quality improvement plan, Crosby's
  • Freaks, control charts
  • Frequency distribution
  • Frequency histogram
  • F-statistic
    • analysis of variance (ANOVA)
    • Latin square design
    • randomized block design
  • Gage, study of
    • bias
    • design of
    • linearity
    • repeatability
    • reproducibility
    • R&R
    • stability
  • Gamma distribution
    • probability density function
  • Gap analysis
  • Garvin, D. A.
  • Generator, in 2k factorial experiment
  • Geometric moving-average control chart
  • Gitlow, H. S.
  • Gitlow, S. J.
  • Goals
    • Crosby's view
    • Deming's view
  • Godfrey, A. B.
  • Goh, T. N.
  • Goodness-of-fit tests
  • Graeco-Latin square design
  • Graphical methods
    • box plots
    • cause-and-effect diagrams
    • frequency distribution
    • histogram
    • matrix plots
    • multivariable charts
    • normal probability plots
    • Pareto diagrams
    • run charts
    • scatter diagrams
    • stem-and-leaf plots
    • three-dimensional scatter plot
  • Grubbs, F. E.
  • Gunter, B. H.
  • Half-fraction, of 2k factorial experiment
  • Hawkins, D. M.
  • Health care analytics
    • data visualization
    • predictive models
    • prescriptive models
  • Health information technology
    • health care decision support systems
  • Henley, E. J.
  • Highly conforming processes
    • control charts
    • exponential distribution, use of
    • geometric distribution, use of
    • power transformation
    • probability limits
  • Histogram
  • Homoscedasticity
  • Hotelling, H.
  • Hotelling's T2 control chart
    • construction of
    • control ellipse procedure
    • percentile points, values of
  • House of quality
  • Hsiang, T.
  • Human factors, service industries
  • Hunter, J. S.
  • Hunter, W. G.
  • Hurley, P.
  • Hyatt Hotel Corporation, performance standards
  • Hybrid orthogonal arrays
  • Hypergeometric distribution
  • Hypothesis testing
    • alternative hypothesis
    • correlation coefficient
    • difference between two means from paired samples
    • for difference between two binomial proportions
    • of difference between two means
    • of mean
    • null hypothesis
    • one-tailed test
    • for proportion
    • for ratio of two variances
    • steps in
    • test statistic
    • two-tailed test
    • type I/type II errors
    • for variance
  • IBM Direct, and total quality management (TQM)
  • Incomplete block design, Latin square design as
  • Independent events, probability
  • Indirect observation
  • Infant mortality phase
  • Inferential statistics
    • confidence interval
    • hypothesis testing
    • interval estimation
      • simultaneous intervals
    • nature of
    • point estimation
    • sampling distributions
  • Influential observations
    • Cook’s distance
  • Innovation
    • benefits of
    • and continuous improvement
    • Deming's view
  • Inspection and Quality Control Handbook H108
  • Inspection quality control period
  • Instant-of-time method, for sample observations
  • Interaction patterns, control charts
  • Interactions, experiments
  • Interference fits
  • Internal failure costs
  • Internal noise
  • International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
    • vendor certification
    • See also entries under ISO and ANSI/ISO/ASQ
  • Interquartile range, calculation of
  • Interval estimation
    • calculation of
    • confidence interval
  • Interval scale
  • Ishikawa diagrams
    • history of
  • ISO 1800 Standard
  • ISO 9000-9004
  • ISO 13485 Standard
  • ISO 14000: An International Environmental Management Standard
    • ISO 14001
    • ISO 14010
    • ISO 14020
    • ISO 14031
    • ISO 14040
    • ISO 14060
  • ISO/TS 16949 Standards
  • Japan
    • and Deming
    • and Juran
  • Johnson, N. L.
  • Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations
  • Judgment sampling
  • Juran Institute
  • Juran, Joseph M.
    • background information
    • quality trilogy, components of
  • Kackar, R. N.
  • Kane, V. E.
  • Kano model
  • Kaplan, R. S.
  • Kendall, M. G.
  • k-method, variable sampling plans
  • Kotz, S.
  • kp rule
  • Kumamoto, H.
  • Kuralmani, V.
  • Kurtosis coefficient
    • calculation of
  • Kushler, R. H.
  • Kutner, M. H.
  • Labor base index, quality cost measure
  • Latin square design
    • ANOVA table for
    • difference among treatment means
    • F-statistic
    • Graeco-Latin square design
    • as incomplete block design
    • pros/cons of
    • randomization of
  • Leadership, Deming's view
  • Leadership Through Quality program
  • Least squares method
  • Lefevre, H. L.
  • Leon, R. V.
  • Levels, in experiment
  • Leverage
  • Lieberman, G. J.
  • Life-cycle curve
    • phases in
  • Life testing plans
    • failure-terminated test
    • sequential life testing plan
    • time-terminated test
  • Likert scale
  • Limiting quality level
    • in acceptance sampling
    • Dodge–Romig plans
  • Linear graphs
    • and orthogonal arrays
  • L. L. Bean, benchmarking
  • Logistic function
  • Lognormal distribution
    • cumulative distribution function
    • probability density function
    • scale parameter
    • shape parameter
  • Loss functions
    • and larger values
    • manufacturing tolerances
    • and smaller values
    • Taguchi method
  • Lot proportion nonconforming, variable
    • sampling plans for
  • Lowe, T. A.
  • Lower capability index
  • Lower control limit, control charts
  • Lower tolerance limits
    • natural tolerance limits
  • Lucas, J. M.
  • Mage, D. T.
  • Malcolm Baldrige National Quality Award
    • eligibility categories
    • eligibility criteria
    • evaluation criteria
    • and vendor certification
  • Management
    • Deming's view
  • Management practices
    • continuous improvement
    • performance standards
    • quality function deployment (QFD)
    • total quality management (TQM)
  • Managing supplier relationships
  • Manufacturing industry
    • compared to service industry
  • Manufacturing tolerances
  • Marcus, P. A.
  • Mason, R. L.
  • Massey, F. J., Jr.
  • Mass inspection, limitations of
  • Mating parts
    • clearance fits
    • interference fits
    • transition fits
  • Matrix plots
    • Minitab software
  • Mazzeo, J. M.
  • McGill, R.
  • Mean
    • calculation of
    • confidence interval
    • hypothesis testing
    • population mean
    • sample mean
    • trimmed mean
  • Mean time between failure, exponential distribution
  • Mean time to failure
    • exponential distribution
    • Weibull distribution
  • Mean time to repair
  • Measurement bias, experimental design
  • Measurement error
    • gage repeatability
    • gage reproducibility
    • and precision-to-tolerance ratio
  • Measurement scales
    • interval scale
    • nominal scale
    • ordinal scale
    • ratio scale
  • Measurement systems, evaluation of
    • accuracy of
    • metrics
  • Measures of association
    • correlation coefficient
  • Measures of central tendency
    • mean
    • median
    • mode
    • trimmed mean
  • Measures of dispersion
    • interquartile range
    • range
    • standard deviation
    • variance
  • Median, calculation of
  • Mendenhall, W.
  • Military standards. See entries under MIL-STD
  • MIL-STD-105E
  • MIL-STD-414
  • MIL-STD-690B
  • Minitab software
    • analysis of variance (ANOVA)
    • attribute control charts
    • confidence intervals
    • hypothesis testing
    • matrix plots
    • Pareto diagrams
    • probability distribution identification
    • probability plotting
    • process capability analysis
    • sample size problems
    • three-dimensional scatter plots
    • variables control charts
  • Mission statements, Deming's view
  • M-method, variable sampling plans
  • Mode, calculation of
  • Models
    • additive
    • deterministic
    • F-test
    • multiplicative
    • probabilistic
    • t-test
    • utility of
    • validation
  • Modified control chart
  • Montgomery, D. C.
  • Motorola, Inc.
    • benchmarking
    • six sigma quality
  • Moving-average control chart
    • exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) chart
    • geometric moving-average control chart
    • moving-average span
    • step in construction of
  • Moving range, control charts
  • Multinomial experiment
  • Multiple sampling plan
    • acceptance sampling
    • attribute sampling
  • Multiplicative law, of probability
  • Multivariable charts
    • types of
  • Multivariate control charts
    • generalized variance chart
    • quality characteristics, control of
    • T2 control chart
  • Murthy, D. N. P.
  • Mutually exclusive events, probability
  • Nachtsheim, C. J.
  • Nair, V. N.
  • Natural tolerance limits
    • upper and lower natural tolerance limits
  • Nelson, L. S.
  • Nelson, W.
  • Neter, J.
  • Neyman, J.
  • Noise
    • internal and external
    • noise factors in experiment
  • Nominal scale
  • Nonconformance rate, and process capability indices
  • Nonconforming items
    • chart for number of items
    • chart for proportion of items
    • cost of correction
    • meaning of
  • Nonconformity
    • chart for number of
    • chart for number of per unit
    • classification of defects
    • meaning of
    • service industries
  • Nonparametric statistical tolerance limits
  • Normal distributions
    • approximation to binomial
    • approximation to Poisson
    • calculation of
    • standard normal distribution, table for
    • statistical tolerance limits based on
  • Normal probability plots
  • Normann, R.
  • Norton, D. P.
  • Notched box plot
  • np-chart
    • limitations of
    • with no standard given
    • process capability measurement
    • with standard specified
  • Null hypothesis
  • Observation, for data collection
  • Odds ratio
  • Off-line quality control
  • O'Hagan, A.
  • 100% sampling
  • One-tailed test
  • Online statistical process control
    • and control charts
  • Operating characteristic (OC) curve
    • acceptance sampling
    • attribute charts
    • chain sampling plan
    • control charts
    • double sampling plan
    • and producer/consumer risk
    • and reliability
    • risk demonstrated with
    • single sampling plan
    • type A OC curve
    • type B OC curve
  • Operator quality control period
  • Optimal quality level
  • Ord, J. K.
  • Ordinal scale
  • Organizational barriers, Deming's view
  • Original equipment manufacturer (OEM)
    • core competencies
  • Orthogonal arrays
    • hybrid orthogonal arrays
    • and Latin square design
    • and linear graphs
  • Orthogonal contrasts
  • Outliers
  • Out-of-control points, determination of cause
  • Out-of-control processes, identification of
  • Paired samples
    • confidence interval for difference between two means
  • Parameter, statistical
  • Parameter design, Taguchi method
  • Pareto diagrams
    • steps in construction of
    • use of
  • Parry, P.
  • Patton, F.
  • Payment schemes in health care
    • bundled payment
    • capitation
    • diagnosis-related groups
    • fee-for-services
    • pay-for-participation
    • pay-for-performance
  • p-chart
    • basic assumptions for
    • construction of
    • data sheet for
    • with no standard specified
    • process capability measurment
    • with standard specified
    • usefulness of
    • and variable sample size
  • Pearn, W. L.
  • Performance, quality of
  • Performance evaluation
    • benchmarking
    • Deming's view
    • quality auditing
  • Performance measures, for vendors
    • adjusted coefficient of determination
    • coefficient of determination
  • Performance standards
    • components of
    • six sigma quality
  • Performance statistic
  • PERMIA method
  • Peterson, R. G.
  • Philpot, J. W.
  • Plan stage, of Deming cycle
  • Point estimation, calculation of
  • Poisson distribution
    • approximation to binomial
    • calculation of
    • c-chart
    • cumulative, table for
    • normal approximation to
  • Polansky, A. M.
  • Population
    • estimating parameters
    • statistical
  • Population mean, calculation of
  • Population variance, calculation of
  • Posterior probability
  • Power of test
  • Precision, of data set
  • Precision-to-tolerance ratio
  • Prevention costs
  • Pride of worker, Deming's view
  • Principal fraction
  • Prior probability
  • Probability
    • additive law
    • complementary events
    • compound events
    • independent events
    • meaning of
    • multiplicative law
    • mutually exclusive events
    • relative frequency definition of
    • simple events
  • Probability distributions
    • approximations for
    • binomial distribution
    • continuous distributions
    • cumulative distribution function
    • expected value
    • exponential distribution
    • gamma distribution
    • hypergeometric distribution
    • lognormal distribution
    • normal distribution
    • Poisson distribution
    • probability density function
    • probability distribution function
    • Weibull distribution
  • Probability limits, control charts
  • Probability plotting
    • construction of
    • exponential plot
    • and Minitab
    • normal plot
  • Probability sampling
  • Process audit
  • Process capability, indices
    • comparison of
    • confidence intervals on
    • Cp index
    • Cpk index
    • Cpm index
    • Cpmk index
    • Cpq index
    • hypothesis testing on
    • lower capability index
    • measurement error effects
  • Process capability, indices (Continued)
    • and nonconformance rate
    • Taguchi capability index Cpm
    • upper capability index
  • Process capability, meaning of
  • Process capability analysis
    • with attribute chart information
    • benefits of
    • Box–Cox transformation, use of
    • capability ratio (CR)
    • identification of distribution
    • with individual observations
    • nonlinear combinations
    • nonnormal distributions
    • nonparametric approach
    • and specification limits
    • statistical tolerance limits
    • and tolerance limits
    • with variable control chart information
  • Process capability limits. See Natural tolerance limits
  • Process capability ratio
  • Process costs
  • Process map
  • Process parameter, variable sampling plans for
  • Process spread
    • meaning of
    • and specification limits
  • Producer's risk
    • acceptance sampling
    • and OC curve
    • single sampling plan
  • Product audit
  • Product improvement cycle
  • Productivity, relationship to quality
  • Proportion
    • confidence interval
    • hypothesis testing
  • Public Law
  • p-value, hypothesis testing
  • Quality
    • attributes related to
    • characteristics of
    • of conformance
    • defect
    • definition of
    • of design
    • of performance
    • relationship to productivity
    • and reliability
    • standard
    • variables related to
  • Quality assurance
    • definition of
  • Quality audits
    • conformity quality audit
    • influencing factors
    • location/function-oriented audits
    • process audit
    • product audit
    • purposes of
    • suitability quality audit
    • system audit
    • usefulness of
  • Quality awareness
  • Quality breakthrough sequence
  • Quality circles
    • history of
    • operation of
  • Quality control
    • acceptance sampling plans
    • benefits of
    • evolution of
    • Juran's view
    • off-line quality control
    • statistical process control
  • Quality Control and Reliability Handbook H-108
    • failure-terminated test
    • time-terminated tests
  • Quality costs
    • appraisal costs
    • data requirements for
    • external failure costs
    • hidden failure costs
    • impact of quality improvement
    • improved productivity, impact of
    • internal failure costs
    • measurement of
    • prevention costs
    • quality cost report
  • Quality councils
  • Quality function deployment (QFD)
    • effects of
    • house of quality
    • step in process
  • Quality improvement
    • Crosby's 14-step plan
    • Juran's view
  • Quality improvement teams, operation of
  • Quality management
    • absolutes of
    • quality systems
  • Quality management grid
  • Quality measurement, function of
  • Quality philosophies
    • comparison of philosophies
    • of Crosby
    • of Deming
    • of Juran
  • Quality planning
    • Juran's view
  • Quality system
  • Quantile ratio
  • Quartile
  • Quota system, Deming's view
  • Radial plot
  • Raghavarao, D.
  • Random effects model
  • Randomization, experimental design
  • Randomized block design
    • blocking
    • difference among treatment means
    • F-statistic
    • pros/cons of
    • two-factor factorial experiment
  • Randomness, of a sequence
  • Random numbers, uniform, table for
  • Range, calculation of
  • Rating scale
    • importance rating
    • satisfaction rating
  • Rational sample, control charts
  • Ratio scale
  • R-chart
    • analysis and X-chart
    • control limits
    • Minitab construction
    • standardized values
    • variable sample size
  • Regression models
    • assumptions
    • coefficients
    • logistic
    • multiple
    • parameters
    • performance measures
    • prediction, from
      • response variable
      • simultaneous prediction intervals
    • residuals
      • standardized
      • studentized
      • sum of squares
    • simple
  • Reinmuth, J. E.
  • Rejection region
  • Reliability
    • and complex systems
    • and components in parallel
    • and components in series
    • failure-terminated test
    • and life-cycle curve
    • and life testing plans
    • meaning of
    • and operating characteristic curves
    • probability distributions
    • and quality
    • sequential life testing plan
    • standardized plans
    • and standby systems
    • system reliability
    • time-terminated test
  • Replication, experimental design
  • Resnikoff, G. J.
  • Resolution III designs
  • Resolution IV designs
  • Resolution V designs
  • Response surface design
  • Response variable, in experiment
  • Robustness
  • Romig, H. G.
  • Roy, D. M.
  • Run charts
    • clustering
    • mixture pattern
    • oscillation
    • patterns
    • random pattern
    • trend
  • Ryan, T. P.
  • Sales base index, quality cost measure
  • Sample, statistical
  • Sample mean, calculation of
  • Sample size
    • attribute charts
    • control charts
    • determination of
    • estimation in sampling
  • Sample space
  • Sample variance, calculation of
  • Sampling
    • advantages of
    • cluster sample
    • designs
    • element
    • errors in
    • estimation of sample size
    • frame
    • precision
    • proportional allocation
    • simple random sample
    • stratified sample
    • unit
  • Sampling distributions
    • calculation of
    • central limit theorem
  • Sampling frequency, control charts
  • Sampling plans
  • Sampling scheme, function of
  • Sampling system, function of
  • Sampling unit, in experiment
  • Scaled distance k
  • Scanlon, J.
  • Scanlon plan
  • Scatter diagrams
    • construction of
    • use of
  • s-chart
  • Schmidt, S. R.
  • Screening design
  • Sensory quality
  • Sequential life testing plan
  • Sequential sampling plan
    • item-by-item sampling
  • Service industries
    • compared to manufacturing industries
    • control chart applications
    • effectiveness/efficiency factors
    • quality characteristics
    • quality measures
    • quality monitoring methods
    • quality service model
  • Shapiro, S. S.
  • Shewhart, W. A.
  • Shewhart control charts. See Control charts
  • Shewhart cycle
  • Shoemaker, A. C.
  • Signal-to-noise ratio (S/N)
    • evaluation of
    • and larger values
    • PERMIA method
    • relationship of variance to mean
    • and smaller values
  • Simple events, probability
  • Simple random sample
  • Single-blind study
  • Single sampling plan
    • acceptance sampling
    • attribute sampling
    • OC curve for
    • and risk factors
  • Six sigma quality
    • analyze phase
    • control phase
    • define phase
    • features of
    • improve phase
    • measure phase
  • Skewness coefficient
    • calculation of
  • Slifker, J. F.
  • Special causes, nature of
  • Specification, meaning of
  • Specification limits
    • compared to control limits
    • compared to tolerance limits
    • definition of
    • and process capability analysis
  • Spider chart
  • Sporadic problems
  • Stacked bar chart
  • Standard, meaning of
  • Standard deviation
    • calculation of
    • control charts for
  • Standardized control charts
  • Standardized reliability plans
  • Standardized sampling plan
    • acceptable quality levels (AQL)
    • standards for
  • Standard normal distribution, table for
  • Star plot
  • Statistic, meaning of
  • Statistical control
    • meaning of
  • Statistical process control (SPC)
    • control charts
    • data collection
    • meaning of
    • online
  • Statistical quality control period
  • Statistical tolerance limits
    • based on normal distribution
    • meaning of
    • nonparametric
  • Statistics
    • analysis of variance (ANOVA)
    • data collection
    • descriptive statistics
    • inferential statistics
    • kurtosis coefficient
    • measurement scales
    • measures of association
    • measures of central tendency
    • measures of dispersion
    • parameter
    • population
    • probability
    • probability distribution approximations
    • probability distributions
    • sample
    • sampling
    • skewness coefficient
    • See also Inferential statistics
  • Steering arm
  • Stem-and-leaf plots
  • Stephens, K. S.
  • Stephens, M. A.
  • Strategic quality management, Juran's view
  • Stratification patterns, control charts
  • Stratified random sample
  • Structural characteristics, of quality
  • Stuart, A.
  • Subassemblies, tolerances on
  • Suitability quality audit
  • Supervisors, training of
  • Supplier relationship management
  • Supply chain management
  • Survey data analyses
  • Survival analysis
    • confidence interval
    • Kaplan–Meier estimator
    • log-rank statistic
    • survival function
  • System audit
  • System design, Taguchi method
  • System of profound knowledge
  • System reliability
  • Systems approach, quality
    • green supply chain
  • Taguchi, Genichi
  • Taguchi capability index Cpm
  • Taguchi method
    • attribute data, use of
    • concept of quality
    • critique of
    • estimation of effects
    • linear graphs
    • loss functions
    • manufacturing tolerances, determination of
    • orthogonal arrays
    • parameter design
    • purpose of
    • signal-to-noise ratio (S/N)
    • system design
    • tolerance design
  • Target value
  • t-distribution
    • t, values for right-tail area
  • Test statistic, hypothesis testing
  • Three-dimensional plot
  • 3M Company, vendor certification
  • Time-based competition, and benchmarking
  • Time-oriented characteristics of quality
    • timeliness and service industries
  • Time-terminated test
    • with Handbook H-108
  • TL 9000 Standard
  • Tobarska, B.
  • Tolerance design, Taguchi method
  • Tolerance limits
    • on assemblies and subassemblies
    • definition of
    • on individual components
    • on mating parts
    • natural tolerance limits
    • nonparametric statistical tolerance limits
    • statistical tolerance limits
    • upper and lower tolerance limits
  • Total quality control organizationwide phase
  • Total quality control period
  • Total quality management (TQM)
    • basic values in
    • company vision
    • examples of practitioners
    • features of
  • Total quality system, definition of
  • Training
    • Deming's view
    • supervisory
  • Transformations, to achieve normality
    • dependent variable
    • independent variable
    • Johnson transformation
    • power transformation
    • variance stabilizing
  • Transition fits
  • Treatment, in experiment
  • Trend chart (regression control chart)
    • construction of
  • Trending patterns, control charts
  • Trimmed mean, calculation of
  • Tsui, K. L.
  • Tukey, J._W.
  • Tukey, P. A.
  • 2k factorial experiment
    • confounding in
    • design resolution
    • factorial set of treatments, list of
    • fractional replication in
    • half-fraction of
    • 2k-p fractional factorial experiment
  • Two-tailed test
  • Type A operating characteristic curve
  • Type B operating characteristic curve
  • Type I errors
    • acceptance sampling (producer's risk)
    • and control charts
    • hypothesis testing
    • and sample size
  • Type II errors
    • acceptance sampling (consumer's risk)
    • and control charts
    • hypothesis testing
    • and sample size
  • U-chart
    • construction of
    • process capability measurement
  • u-chart
    • process capability measurement
    • with variable sample size
  • Unbalanced experiment
  • Unit base index, quality cost measure
  • Upper capability index
  • Upper control limit, control charts
  • Upper natural tolerance limits
  • Upper tolerance limits
  • U.S. Department of Defense
  • U.S. Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
  • Variables
    • binary
    • continuous
    • dependent
    • discrete
    • experimental design
    • independent
    • qualitative
    • of quality
    • quantitative
    • response
  • Variable sampling
  • Variable sampling plans
    • advantages/disadvantages of
    • for estimation of lot proportion nonconforming
    • Forms 1 and 2
    • process average estimation methods
    • for process parameter
  • Variance
    • calculation of
    • confidence interval
    • hypothesis testing
    • population variance
    • sample variance
  • Vendor certification
    • example programs
    • quality levels
  • Vendors
    • performance measurement of
    • selection of
  • Vision of company, and total quality management (TQM)
  • V-mask parameters, cumulative sum chart (cusum chart)
  • Wadsworth, H. M.
  • Wald, A.
  • Walker, E.
  • Warning limits, control charts
  • Wasserman, W.
  • Wear-out phase
  • Weibull distribution
    • calculation of
    • failure-rate function
    • mean time to failure
    • for model failure rate
  • Welch, T. E.
  • Whiskers
  • Wild patterns, control charts
  • Willig, J. T.
  • Wilson, K. B.
  • Woodall, W. H.
  • Work standards, Deming's view
  • Wu, Y.
  • X-chart
    • control limits
    • interpretation of
    • Minitab construction
    • standardized values
    • steps in construction of
    • variable sample size
  • Xerox Corporation
    • benchmarking
    • and total quality management (TQM)
  • Xie, M.
  • Zeithaml, V. A.
  • Zero defects
    • history of
    • and tolerance limits
  • Zero defects program (ZD)
    • ad hoc committee for
  • Zero defects (ZD) day
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