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Part I: Philosophy and Fundamentals
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Part I: Philosophy and Fundamentals
by Amitava Mitra
Fundamentals of Quality Control and Improvement, 4th Edition
Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Dedication
Preface
About the Companion Website
Part I: Philosophy and Fundamentals
Chapter 1: Introduction to Quality Control and the Total Quality System
1-1 Introduction and Chapter Objectives
1-2 Evolution of Quality Control
1-3 Quality
1-4 Quality Control
1-5 Quality Assurance
1-6 Quality Circles and Quality Improvement Teams
1-7 Customer Needs and Market Share
1-8 Benefits of Quality Control and the Total Quality System
1-9 Quality and Reliability
1-10 Quality Improvement
1-11 Product and Service Costing
1-12 Quality Costs
1-13 Measuring Quality Costs
1-14 Management of Quality
1-15 Quality and Productivity
1-16 Total Quality Environmental Management
Summary
Key Terms
Exercises
References
Chapter 2: Some Philosophies and Their Impact on Quality
2-1 Introduction and Chapter Objectives
2-2 Service Industries and Their Characteristics
2-3 Model for Service QualIty
2-4 W. Edwards Deming's Philosophy
2-5 Philip B. Crosby's Philosophy
2-6 Joseph M. Juran's Philosophy
2-7 The Three Philosophies Compared
Summary
Key Terms
Exercises
References
Chapter 3: Quality Management: Practices, Tools, and Standards
3-1 Introduction and Chapter Objectives
3-2 Management Practices
3-3 Quality Function Deployment
3-4 Benchmarking and Performance Evaluation
3-5 Health Care Analytics
3-6 Tools for Continuous Quality Improvement
3-7 International Standards ISO 9000 and Other Derivatives
Summary
Key Terms
Exercises
References
Part II: Statistical Foundations and Methods of Quality Improvement
Chapter 4: Fundamentals of Statistical Concepts and Techniques in Quality Control and Improvement
4-1 Introduction and chapter objectives
4-2 Population and Sample
4-3 Parameter and Statistic
4-4 Probability
4-5 Descriptive Statistics: Describing Product or Process Characteristics
4-6 Probability Distributions
4-7 Inferential Statistics: Drawing Conclusions on Product and Process Quality
Summary
Appendix: Approximations to Some Probability Distributions
Key Terms
Exercises
References
Chapter 5: Data Analyses and Sampling
5-1 Introduction and Chapter Objectives
5-2 Empirical Distribution Plots
5-3 Randomness of a Sequence
5-4 Validating Distributional Assumptions
5-5 Transformations to Achieve Normality
5-6 Analysis of Count Data
5-7 Analyses of Customer Satisfaction Data
5-8 Concepts in Sampling
Summary
Key Terms
Exercises
References
Part III: Statistical Process Control
Chapter 6: Statistical Process Control Using Control Charts
6-1 Introduction and Chapter Objectives
6-2 Causes of Variation
6-3 Statistical Basis for Control Charts
6-4 Selection of Rational Samples
6-5 Analysis of Patterns in Control Charts
6-6 Maintenance of Control Charts
Summary
Key Terms
Exercises
References
Chapter 7: Control Charts for Variables
7-1 Introduction and Chapter Objectives
7-2 Selection of Characteristics for Investigation
7-3 Preliminary Decisions
7-4 Control Charts for the Mean and Range
7-5 Control Charts for the Mean and Standard Deviation
7-6 Control Charts for Individual Units
7-7 Control Charts for Short Production Runs
7-8 Other Control Charts
7-9 Risk-Adjusted Control Charts
7-10 Multivariate Control Charts
Summary
Key Terms
Exercises
References
Chapter 8: Control Charts for Attributes
8-1 Introduction and Chapter Objectives
8-2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Attribute Charts
8-3 Preliminary Decisions
8-4 Chart for Proportion Nonconforming: p-Chart
8-5 Chart for Number of Nonconforming Items: np-Chart
8-6 Chart for Number of Nonconformities: c-Chart
8-7 Chart for Number of Nonconformities Per Unit: u-Chart
8-8 Chart for Demerits Per Unit: u-Chart
8-9 Charts for Highly Conforming Processes
8-10 Operating Characteristic Curves for Attribute Control Charts
Summary
Key Terms
Exercises
References
Chapter 9: Process Capability Analysis
9-1 Introduction and Chapter Objectives
9-2 Specification Limits and Control Limits
9-3 Process Capability Analysis
9-4 Natural Tolerance Limits
9-5 Specifications and Process Capability
9-6 Process Capability Indices
9-7 Process capability analysis procedures
9-8 Capability analysis for Nonnormal Distributions
9-9 Setting Tolerances on Assemblies and Components
9-10 Estimating statistical tolerance limits of a process
Summary
Key Terms
Exercises
References
Part IV: Acceptance Sampling
Chapter 10: Acceptance Sampling Plans for Attributes and Variables
10-1 Introduction and Chapter Objectives
10-2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Sampling
10-3 Producer and Consumer Risks
10-4 Operating Characteristic Curve
10-5 Types of Sampling Plans
10-6 Evaluating Sampling Plans
10-7 Bayes Rule and Decision Making Based on Samples
10-8 Lot-by-Lot Attribute Sampling Plans
10-9 Other Attribute Sampling Plans
10-10 Deming's kp Rule
10-11 Sampling Plans for Variables
10-12 Variable Sampling Plans for A Process Parameter
10-13 Variable Sampling Plans for Estimating the Lot Proportion Nonconforming
Summary
Key Terms
Exercises
References
Part V: Product and Process Design
Chapter 11: Reliability
11-1 Introduction and Chapter Objectives
11-2 Reliability
11-3 Life-Cycle Curve and Probability Distributions in Modeling Reliability
11-4 System Reliability
11-5 Operating Characteristic Curves
11-6 Reliability and Life Testing Plans
11-7 Survival Analysis
Summary
Key Terms
Exercises
References
Chapter 12: Experimental Design and the Taguchi Method
12-1 Introduction and Chapter Objectives
12-2 Experimental Design Fundamentals
12-3 Some Experimental Designs
12-4 Factorial Experiments
12-5 The Taguchi Method
12-6 The Taguchi Philosophy
12-7 Loss Functions
12-8 Signal-to-Noise Ratio and Performance Measures
12-9 Critique of S/N Ratios
12-10 Experimental Design in the Taguchi Method
12-11 Parameter Design in the Taguchi Method
12-12 Critique of Experimental Design and the Taguchi Method
Summary
Key Terms
Exercises
References
Chapter 13: Process Modeling Through Regression Analysis
13-1 Introduction and Chapter Objectives
13-2 Deterministic and Probabilistic Models
13-3 Model Assumptions
13-4 Least Squares Method for Parameter Estimation
13-5 Model Validation and Remedial Measures
13-6 Estimation and Inferences From a Regression Model
13-7 Qualitative Independent Variables
13-8 Issues in Multiple Regression
13-9 Logistic Regression
Summary
Key Terms
Exercises
References
Appendixes
Appendix A-1 Cumulative binomial distribution
Appendix A-2 Cumulative Poisson Distribution
Appendix A-3 Cumulative Standard Normal Distribution
Appendix A-4 Values of t for a Specified Right-Tail Area
Appendix A-5 Chi-Squared Values for a Specified Right-Tail Area
Appendix A-6 Values of F for a Specified Right-Tail Area
Appendix A-7 Factors for Computing Centerline and Three-Sigma Control Limits
Appendix A-8 Uniform Random Numbers
Index
End User License Agreement
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Chapter 1: Introduction to Quality Control and the Total Quality System
Part I
Philosophy and Fundamentals
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