To verify whether an image has been pushed successfully to the Docker Hub, browse https://hub.docker.com/, sign in using your credentials, and, once logged in, you will see the tagged image, as shown in the following screenshot:
If you performed any changes to the Docker container and want to persist them as well as part of an image, then first you have to commit the changes to a new image or to the same image using the docker commit command before tagging and pushing it to the Docker Hub, as follows:
$ docker commit <container-id> golang-image-new
$ docker tag golang-image-new arpitaggarwal/golang-image
$ docker push arpitaggarwal/golang-image
$ docker commit <container-id> golang-image-new
$ docker tag golang-image-new arpitaggarwal/golang-image
$ docker push arpitaggarwal/golang-image