Index
Note: Boldface page references indicate tables. Italic references indicate figures.
accomplishment sense of 74; see also achievement
achievement: as affective aspect of subjective wellbeing 36–37, 38, 39–40; income and 57; Schwartz’s Higher Order Values and 88, 88
adaptation to economic growth 52–53
affective aspects of subjective wellbeing: achievement 36–37, 38, 39–40; control 36–37, 39–40, 39; enjoyment 36–37, 38, 39; happiness 36–37, 38, 39; individual differences for 40, 41, 42; overview 16, 36, 47–48; psychological flourishing 36, 42–44, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47; purpose 36–37, 39–40, 39
affordability of cars 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 33, 149
affordability of healthcare 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 33
affordability of properties 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 33
age as source of individual differences: for affective aspect of subjective wellbeing 40, 41, 42; for generalized trust 115, 116; for government officials’ empathy and integrity 131, 134; for government’s role 140, 141, 142; in Higher Order Values 85, 87; for life satisfaction 30, 31, 32, 33; for List of Values 78–79, 79; for voter empowerment 130, 132; for voting efficacy 129, 130
Amsterdam 4
Andrews F.M. 30
ASEAN Barometer Survey (2009) 9, 111–112, 116, 151
Asia 4
AsiaBarometer Survey (2006) 9, 36, 38, 42, 116, 123, 146
Austria 5
availability of career opportunities 25, 26, 28, 29
availability of healthcare 25, 26, 28, 29
Bahry D. 122
Barnes S. 122
Belgium 5
Biswas-Diener R. 20, 36, 42–44, 47–48, 51, 148
Boelhouwer J. 123
Bok D. 123
British East India Company 2
Brunei 3
Budapest 4
Buettner D. 154
Caetano A. 43
Campbell A. 22
Canada 5
Canadian National Population Health Survey (1994) 54
Carlson D. 8
Chinese 2, 8, 11, 13, 14, 15, 54, 55, 104, 105, 106
Chinese General Social Survey 55
Cleaver M. 79
clustering analysis: comparisons of clusters 107–108, 107; description of clusters 103–104, 105–106, 106–107; dreamers cluster 104, 105–106, 107; eco-orientation factor 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 102, 103; entrepreneurial spirit factor 95, 97, 100, 101, 102, 103; family values factor 94, 96, 97, 98, 102, 103; identification of clusters 102–103, 102, 103; identification of factors 94–95, 96–97, 97–102, 98, 99, 100, 101; materialism factor 95, 97, 101–102, 101, 102, 103; materialistic family-oriented cluster 105–106, 106–107, 107; overview 17, 94, 108–109; pro-social family-oriented cluster 103, 105–106, 107; status conscious cluster 104, 105–106, 107; status consciousness factor 95, 96, 99, 99, 102, 103; traditional entrepreneurs cluster 104, 105–106, 107, 106; traditionalism factor 95, 96, 100, 101, 102, 103; value orientations and 94–95, 96–97, 97–102, 98, 99, 101; volunteerism factor 95, 96, 99–100, 100, 102, 103
clusters of Singaporeans 150–151
cognitive aspects of subjective wellbeing: demographic variables on life satisfaction and 30, 31, 32, 33; domain satisfaction 21–23, 23, 24, 25; life satisfaction 20–21; overview 16, 20, 33–34; Satisfaction with Life Scale and 29, 30; satisfaction with overall quality of life 22–23, 23, 24, 25; satisfaction with overall quality of life in Singapore 25, 26, 27, 27–28, 29
condition of the environment 25, 26, 28, 29
conducive environment for subjective wellbeing: generalized trust and 110–111, 116–117, 117; individualized differences for generalized trust and 115–116, 115; overview 17, 110, 118; Singaporeans’ trust and 111–113, 112, 114; social capital and 110
conservation 10, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 91, 92
Consumer Economic Wellbeing (Xiao) 50
control: as affective aspect of subjective wellbeing 36–37, 39–40, 39; income and 56, 58, 59; List of Values and 81; Schwartz’s Higher Order Values and 88, 88
Corruption Perception Index 4
corruption ranking 4
Cramer V. 21
Crespo R.F. 154
cost of living 4, 25, 26, 27, 29, 33, 136, 138
data analyses 16
data quality control 11
Davis E.E. 30
Deaton A. 51
Deci E.L. 36
Delhey J. 116
Demir M. 22
democratic rights, satisfaction with 124, 124, 125, 126, 127, 127, 151
democratic system 2, 25, 26, 28, 29, 122
demographics on satisfaction and wellbeing 148
demographic values and life satisfaction 30, 31, 32, 33; see also specific demographic values
Diener E. 8, 20–22, 36, 40, 42–44, 47–48, 51–52, 54, 56, 117, 148
Di Telia R. 53
domain satisfaction 8, 21–23, 23, 24, 25
dreamers cluster 104, 105–106, 107
Easterlin Paradox 52
Economic Intelligence Unit (EIU) 4
economic wellbeing: income and 62–63, 62, 63, 64, 65–67, 65, 66, 67, 148–149; overview 17
eco-orientation factor 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 102, 103
education 2–5, 10, 12, 13, 16, 19, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 40, 41, 42, 44, 45, 47, 48, 50, 56, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 73, 74, 79, 80, 86, 87, 90, 91, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 115, 116, 117, 118, 123, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 146, 147, 148
education as source of individual differences: for affective aspect of subjective wellbeing 40, 41, 42; for democratic rights satisfaction 125, 126, 127; for generalized trust 115–116, 115; for government officials’ empathy and integrity 131, 133, 134; for government’s role 140, 141, 142, 143; for life satisfaction 31, 32, 33; in List of Values 79, 80; in Schwartz’s Higher Order Values 86, 87; for voter empowerment 130, 132; for voting efficacy 128, 129, 130
efficacy of voting 128, 129, 130, 143
Ekici T. 54
empathy and integrity of government officials 131, 133, 134, 143
empowerment of voters 128, 131, 132, 143
enjoyment: as affective aspect of subjective wellbeing 36–37, 38, 39; income and 56, 57, 58; List of Values and 81; Schwartz’s Higher Order Values and 88, 88
entrepreneurial spirit factor 95, 97, 100, 101, 102, 103
eudaimonism of happiness approach 20
European Quality of Life Survey (2007) 51
European Social Survey (ESS) 6, 73, 84–85, 84, 91, 111
European Social Values Survey 8
excitement 10, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 89, 90, 91, 149, 153
family values factor 94, 96, 97, 98, 102, 103
Festinger L. 53
fieldwork 11
findings of Quality of Life Survey (2016), key: climate economic social and political 146–147; clusters of Singaporeans 150–151; demographics on satisfaction and wellbeing 148; future research directions 152–153; government and wellbeing 151–152; income and wellbeing 148–149; overview 17, 146; personal values and wellbeing 149–150; satisfaction indicators 147–148; trust and wellbeing 151
Flavin P. 122
freedom 2, 3, 4, 5, 25, 26, 27, 29, 56, 122, 124, 126, 127, 143, 144, 151
Freedom House 4
freedom of speech 124, 126, 127, 143, 144
Freitag M. 118
friendship 8, 22, 23, 30, 74, 110
fun and enjoyment in life 10, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 89, 90, 91, 149, 150
Gallup-Healthways Well-Being Index 17, 63
Gallup’s database 56
Gallup World Poll 6
GDP 3, 5–6, 52–53, 56, 69, 153
Gender Inequality Index 3
gender as source of individual differences: for affective aspects of subjective wellbeing 40, 41, 42; for democratic rights satisfaction 125, 126, 127; for generalized trust 115, 116; for government officials’ empathy and integrity 131, 133, 134; for government’s role 140, 141, 142, 143; in Higher Order Values 85–86, 87; for life satisfaction 31, 32, 33; in List of Values 79, 80; for voter empowerment 130, 132; for voting efficacy 129, 130
General Household Survey (2015) 10, 14, 15, 16
generalized trust: bivariate analysis of 112–113, 114; as Quality of Life Survey (2016) variable 9, 10; Singaporean’s subjective wellbeing and 116–117, 117; as social capital 17, 110–111; sources of individual differences for 115–116, 115
General Social Survey 54–55, 111
Gini coefficient 55
Glatzer W. 21
Glen N.D. 85
Global Liveability Rankings 4
GNP 6
government 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 9, 10, 17, 21, 25, 26, 27, 29, 97, 118, 121, 122, 123, 124, 126, 127, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 146, 151, 152, 153
government officials empathy and integrity of 131, 133, 133, 134, 135, 135
government’s role 135–136, 137–138, 138–140, 139, 141, 142, 143, 151–152
government and subjective wellbeing: satisfaction with democratic rights 124, 124, 125, 126, 127, 127, 151; government officials’ empathy and integrity and 131, 133, 133, 134, 135, 135; government’s role and 135–136, 137–138, 138–140, 139, 141, 142, 143, 151–152; Likert scale 8; overview 17, 124, 143–144; research on 121–123; views about politics and 128, 129, 130–131, 131, 132, 133, 133, 134, 135, 135; voter empowerment and 130, 131, 132; voting efficacy and 128, 128, 129
Grimani K. 51
gross domestic product (GDP) 3, 5–6, 52–53, 56, 69, 153
Grunert S.C. 78
Gudmundsdottir D.G. 21
Hagerty M.R. 53
Handbook on the Economics of Happiness (Bruni and Porta) 50
“Happiness: Towards a Holistic Approach to Development” (UN) 7
happiness: as affective aspect of subjective wellbeing 36–37, 38, 39; comparison over years 37, 38, 39; Dutch government’s efforts to ensure 123; income and 21, 40, 50, 56–58, 57, 67, 148–149; List of Values and 81; in Norwegian population 21; Quality of Life Survey (2016) and 56; Schwartz’s Higher Order Values and 88, 88
Happiness and Economic Growth (Clark and Senik) 50
Harter J. 22
health 2, 3, 5, 17, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 54, 73, 110, 116, 117, 118, 123, 151
hedonism of happiness approach 20
Hellevik O. 21
Hooghe M. 111
household income 3, 8, 10, 12, 13, 16, 22, 23, 24, 25, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 40, 41, 42, 46, 47, 48, 50, 51, 54, 55, 57, 58, 59, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 74, 79, 80, 87, 90, 103, 104, 106, 107, 115, 117, 125, 126, 127, 129, 130, 131, 132, 134, 140, 141, 142, 146, 147, 148, 149
housing 2, 10, 16, 22, 23, 24, 25, 43, 123, 136, 152
Huang J. 53
Hudson N.W. 52
human development 3
Human Development Index (HDI) 3
Iceland 5
income: achievement and 56, 57, 58; adaptation to economic growth and wealth and 21, 52–53; control and 56, 58, 59; Easterlin Paradox and 52; economic wellbeing and 62–63, 62, 63, 64, 65–67, 65, 66, 67, 148–149; enjoyment and 56, 57, 58; happiness and 21, 40, 50, 56–58, 57, 67, 148–149; inequality 54–55; life satisfaction and 60, 61; methodological issues 55–56; overall quality of life and 60–61, 61; overall quality of life in Singapore and 60–62, 61; overview 17, 50, 67–69; purpose and 56, 59, 59; Quality of Life Survey (2016) and 50–51; research literature on 50; in Singapore 57–58, 57; social comparison and aspirations and 53–54; wellbeing outcomes 21, 51–52
income as source of individual differences: for affective aspects of subjective wellbeing 40, 41, 42; for democratic rights satisfaction 125, 126, 127; for generalized trust 115, 116; for government officials’ empathy and integrity 130, 134; for government’s role 140, 141, 142; for life satisfaction 31, 32, 33; in List of Values 79, 80; in Schwartz’s Higher Order Values 86–87, 87; for voter empowerment 130, 132; for voting efficacy 129, 130
Index of Economic Freedom (2017) 3
Indian 2, 11, 13, 14, 15, 105, 106
individual differences: for affective aspects of subjective wellbeing and 40, 41, 42; for generalized trust 115–116, 115; for life satisfaction 30, 31, 32, 33; for List of Values 78–80, 79; for psychological flourishing 44, 45–46, 47; for Schwartz’s Higher Order Values 85–87, 87
Ingelhart R. 110
Inoguchi I. 90
Institute of Policy Studies (IPS) surveys 125, 133
Ireland 5
job 8, 22, 23, 24, 25, 32, 33, 56, 94
Kampfner J. 144
Kapteyn A. 22
Keane M. 122
Keefer P. 116
Kesebir S. 55
Klingemann H.D. 110
Knack S. 116
KOF Globalization Index 4
Koop C. 116
Koydemir S. 54
Kruger P.S. 22
Kushlev K. 51
Lange T. 121
Latif E. 54
law enforcement 25, 26, 27, 29, 33, 136, 137, 139, 140, 144, 147
Lee G.R. 40
Lee Kuan Yew 147
leisure activities/entertainment 22, 23, 24, 25
leisure and recreational facilities 25, 26, 27, 29, 136, 137
Li J.Y. 54
life domains 8, 22–23, 23, 24, 25
life satisfaction: as cognitive aspect of subjective wellbeing 20–21; income and 60, 61; individual differences for 30, 31, 32, 33; List of Values and 82, 83; in other Quality of Life surveys (1996, 2001, 2011) 22–23, 24, 33–34; as Quality of Life Survey (2016) variable 9, 10; Schwartz’s Higher Order Values and 89, 89; see also overall quality of life satisfaction; overall quality of life in Singapore satisfaction
Likert scale 8
List of Values (LOV): achievement 81, 82; control and 81, 82; enjoyment and 81, 82; happiness and 81, 82; items in 74, 74; life satisfaction and 82, 83; in other Quality of Life surveys (1996, 2001, and 2011) 74–75, 76, 77, 78; satisfaction with overall quality of life 82, 83; satisfaction with overall quality of life in Singapore 83, 83; personal values and 8, 17, 73–75, 74, 76, 77; purpose and 81, 82; in Quality of Life Survey (2016) 8, 75, 77; Quality of Life Survey (2016) and 75, 77; ranks of 75, 76, 77–78, 77; in Singapore 74–75, 74; source of individual differences in 78–80, 79; subjective wellbeing and impact on 80–83, 82, 90; use of in varied contexts 73
Ma Y.Z. 52
MacCulloch R. 53
Malay 1, 2, 8, 11, 13, 14, 15, 103, 105, 106
Malaysia 3
Malaysian Federation 2
marital status as source of individual differences: for affective aspects of subjective wellbeing 40, 41, 42; for democratic rights satisfaction 125, 126, 127; for generalized trust 115, 116; for government officials’ empathy and integrity 130, 134; for government’s role 140, 141, 142, 143; for life satisfaction 31, 32, 33; in List of Values 79, 80; in Schwartz’s Higher Order Values 87, 87; for voter empowerment 130, 132; for voting efficacy 129, 130
marriage/romantic relationship 8, 22, 23, 24, 25, 33, 147
Marschall M.J. 116
materialism factor 95, 97, 101–102, 101, 102, 103
materialistic family-oriented cluster 105–106, 106–107, 107
material prosperity 56
Ma Y.Z. 52
Mercer Human Resource Consultancy 2
Mesurado B. 154
Mikucka M. 110
Mitchell A. 73
money see income
Mongolia 4
Montevideo 4
Muller T.E. 79
Multidimensional Poverty Index 3
multifaceted aspects of subjective wellbeing 147–148
Myanmar 3
Myers D.G. 20
Netherlands 5
Newton K. 116
New Zealand 4
Ng W. 54
Nie N. 121
Norris P. 116
Norwegian population’s happiness 21
Nunnally J.C. 94
objective indicators 7
Olson G.L. 21
openness 10, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 91, 92, 122, 150, 154
Orviska M. 21
Ozdemir M. 22
Pacheco G. 121
Patterson O. 116
People’s Action Party (PAP) 144, 147
Perceptions of Governance Survey 136
personal values: age and 78–79, 79, 85, 87; comparisons for choices and ranks 75, 76, 77–78, 77; education and 79, 80, 86, 87; gender and 79, 80, 85–86, 87; impact of List of Values on subjective wellbeing and 80–83, 82, 83; income and 79, 80, 86–87, 87, 136; individual differences in Schwartz’s higher order values 85–87, 87; individual differences in List of Values 78–80, 79; List of Values and 8, 17, 73–75, 74, 76, 77; marital status and 79, 80, 87, 87; overview 17, 74, 89–92; Portrait Values Questionnaire and 83–85; priorities 85; research on 73; Schwartz’s Higher Order Values and 17, 83–85, 84, 87–88, 88; wellbeing and 149–150
politics views about: ability to influence government policy or actions 135; complexity of politics and government 135; corruption among those who govern the country 131, 133, 134, 135; duty to vote 128, 129, 135, 151; government officials pay little attention to what citizens think 133, 134, 135; importance of voting 121, 122, 123, 128, 129, 130, 143; Singapore Parliament does not represent the public after election 135
Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ) 73, 83–85, 84
Powdthavee N. 51
profile of respondents 11, 12–13, 13
pro-social family-oriented cluster 103, 105–106, 107
prosperity material versus psychosocial 56
protection of consumers 25, 26, 28, 29
psychological flourishing 36, 42–44, 43, 44, 45–46, 47
Psychological Flourishing Scale 36, 43–44
psychosocial prosperity 56
public services 2, 25, 26, 27, 33, 137, 147
public transportation 25, 26, 27, 33, 136, 137, 144, 147, 151, 152
purchasing power and purchasing power parity (PPP) 5, 66
purpose: as affective aspect of subjective wellbeing 36–37, 39–40, 39; income and 56, 59, 59; List of Values and 81; Schwartz’s Higher Order Values and 88, 88
quality of customer services 25, 26, 28
quality of healthcare 25, 26, 28, 29
Quality of Life (QOL) Survey (1996): building on 1; as cross-sectional survey to study changes in subjective wellbeing 153; data comparisons and 2016 findings 146; life satisfaction and 23, 24, 33–34; List of Values and 74–75, 76, 77, 78; overall quality of life in Singapore satisfaction and 27, 27–28, 29; questionnaire development for 2016 survey and 7
Quality of Life (QOL) Survey (2001): building on 1; cluster comparisons and 107–108, 107; as cross-sectional survey to study changes in subjective wellbeing 153; data comparisons and 2016 findings 146; life satisfaction in 23, 24, 33–34; List of Values in 74–75, 76, 77, 78; overall quality of life in Singapore satisfaction 27, 27–28, 29; questionnaire development for 2016 survey and 7; value orientations in 97, 98, 99–102, 100, 101
Quality of Life (QOL) Survey (2011): affective aspects of subjective wellbeing and 36, 38, 42–44, 44; building on 1; cluster comparisons and 107–108, 107; as cross-sectional survey to study changes in subjective wellbeing 153; data comparisons and 2016 findings 146; economic wellbeing and 63, 64; efficacy of voting and 128; government officials’ empathy and integrity and 133; government’s role and 135–136; life satisfaction and 22–23, 24, 33–34; List of Values in 74–75, 76, 77, 78; overall quality of life in Singapore satisfaction and 27, 27–28, 29; political participation and 123; psychological flourishing and 47; questionnaire development for 2016 survey and 7; value orientations in 94–95, 97, 98, 99–102, 100, 101; voter empowerment and 131
Quality of Life (QOL) Survey (2016): ASEAN Barometer Survey results versus 151; background information 1; climate of economic social and political 146–147; control and purpose questions added to 36; data comparisons and findings of 146; Cronbach alpha reliabilities for 84-85, 84; demographic variables on life satisfaction and investigation of 34; development of 6; eco-orientation and 97; findings of key 17, 146; future research directions and 152–153; generalized trust in 9, 10; government’s role and 136; government’s role in 135–136; happiness and 56; income and 50–51; income and happiness and 50–51; life satisfaction and 22; List of Values and 8, 74–75, 76, 77, 78; overall quality of life satisfaction in Singapore and 27, 27–28, 29; political participation and 123; profile of respondents 11, 12–13, 13; Psychological Flourishing Scale in 43–44; questionnaire contents 9; Schwartz’s Higher Order Values in 7–9, 10; value orientations in 9, 10, 17, 94; variables included in questionnaire 8–9, 10; see also findings of Quality of Life Survey (2016), key; research methodology; specific aspects of
Ramos S. 110
range of products and services available 25, 26, 28, 29
Rath T. 22
ratio of locals to foreigners 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 33
Recent Developments in the Economics of Happiness (Frey and Stutzer) 50
Reeskens T. 111
relationship with children 22, 30, 31
relationship with neighbors 22, 23, 24
relationship with parents 22, 31
relationship with siblings 23
Report by the Commission on the Measurement of Economic Performance and Social Progress 6
representativeness of sample 14–15, 15
research methodology: data analyses 16; data quality control 11; fieldwork 11; objective indicators and 7; profile of respondents 11, 12–13, 13; questionnaire development and 7–9; representativeness of sample 14–15, 15; sampling frame 10; sampling method 10; subjective indicators and 7
Reykjavik 4
Richards 153
rights 1, 3, 4, 5, 10, 17, 121–131, 133, 136, 138–140, 143, 144, 146, 151, 152; freedom of speech 124, 126, 127, 143, 144; right to be informed about the work and functions of government 124, 126, 127; right to criticize the government 124, 126, 127; right to gather and demonstrate 124, 125, 127, 143, 151; right to participate in any kind of organization 124, 125, 127; right to vote 9, 124, 125, 127
Rokeach M. 73
role of the government 1, 9, 10, 17, 121–124, 127, 128, 130, 131, 133, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 146, 151, 152; address the needs of an ageing population 136, 137, 151; better manage the bureaucracy 137; emphasize national education to encourage patriotism 138, 139, 140; ensure that policing and law enforcement are effective 136, 137, 139; help preserve the Singapore culture and identity 138, 139; help the marginalised in society 138; improve the general quality of life for citizens 138; improve the public services infrastructure 137; improve the public transport system 136, 137; moderate rising prices 138, 139, 140; protect consumers against business malpractices 137; protect the environment 9, 98, 137; provide career opportunities 138; provide more resources for leisure and recreational facilities 136, 137; provide more resources for the culture and the arts 136, 137, 139; provide more resources for the education needs 136, 137; provide more resources for the healthcare needs 136, 137; provide more resources for the military and defense 136, 137, 139, 140; responsible for citizens’ overall quality of life 138; restrict the inflow of foreign workforce to protect citizens’ interests 137
rules and regulations 25, 26, 27, 29, 137, 139, 143
Rubel T. 86
Ryan R.M. 36
safety and security 25, 26, 27, 33, 147
Salama-Younes M. 43
sampling frame 10
sampling method 10
Sarracino F. 110
satisfaction indicators 147–148
Satisfaction with Life Scale (SWLS) 8, 22, 29, 30
satisfaction with overall quality of life: as cognitive aspect of subjective wellbeing 22–23, 23, 24, 25; income and 60–61, 61; List of Values and 82, 83; Schwartz’s Higher Order Values and 89, 89
satisfaction with overall quality of life in Singapore: as cognitive aspect of subject wellbeing 25, 26, 27, 27–28, 29; income and 61–62, 61; List of Values and 83, 83; in other Quality of Life surveys (1996, 2001, and 2011) 27, 27–28, 29; Schwartz’s Higher Order Values and 89, 89
Saudi Arabia 5
Scherhorn G. 78
Schober B.I. 21
Schnittker J. 54
Schober B.I. 21
Schuler R.A. 85
Schwartz’s Higher Order Values: achievement and 88, 88; control and 88, 88; enjoyment and 88, 88; factor analysis for 84–85, 84; happiness and 88, 88; individual differences for 85–87, 87; life satisfaction and 89, 89; Likert scale for 8; overall quality of life satisfaction and 89, 89; overall quality of life in Singapore satisfaction and 89, 89; personal values and 17, 84–85, 84, 87–88, 88; purpose and 77, 88; as Quality of Life Survey (2016) variable 7–9, 10; subjective wellbeing and impact on 87–88, 88, 91–92; values in 84–85, 84
Schwartz Values Survey (SVS) 83–84
Schyns P. 116
security 10, 25, 26, 27, 33, 73, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 86, 87, 90, 91, 92, 109, 123, 144, 147, 149, 150
self-enhancement 10, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 91, 150
self-fulfillment 10, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 90, 91, 149, 150
self-respect 10, 74, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 90, 91, 149
self-transcendence 10, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 91, 92, 150
Selligman M.P. 52
Sen A. 20
Sengupta N.K. 51
Senik C. 50
sense of belonging 10, 21, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 90, 149, 150
Shin D.D. 90
Silva A.J. 43
Silver B. 122
Singapore 1–5, 7, 10, 14, 16, 17, 20, 25, 26, 27, 29, 33, 40, 50–69, 85, 92, 110, 112, 122, 123, 127, 136, 138, 143, 144, 147; civil liberties in 4; corruption ranking of 4; cost of living in 4; demographics 2–3; diversity in 2; economic development 3–4; 50th Jubilee Year in 153; geographical features 1–2; global connections 4–5; governance 3–4; historical perspective 2; human development 3; income and happiness in 57–58, 57; as place to live overview 153–154; political rights in 4; quality of life in 2; quality of life surveys in rationale for 5–7; social progress in 5; see also specific quality of life study and aspects of
Singapore Department of Statistics 3
Singaporean identity 25, 26, 28
Slingerland E. 90
social capital 17, 54, 109–111, 117–118, 146; see also generalized trust
social comparison and aspirations 53–54
Social Progress Index 5
social welfare system 25, 26, 28, 29
Society and Government Demographics variable 9, 10
Soon C. 122
Soukiazis E. 110
South East Asia 50
spiritual life 22, 23, 24, 25, 30, 31, 43
spirituality and religious principles 9
standard of living 22, 23, 24, 25, 32, 33, 51, 62, 63, 69, 149, 153
state of culture and the arts 25, 26, 28
status conscious cluster 104, 105–106, 107
status consciousness factor 95, 96, 99, 99, 102, 103
Stockard J. 73
studies 1, 6, 16, 21, 22, 23, 25, 33, 40, 50, 51, 53, 54, 55, 73, 80, 87, 90, 91, 97, 102, 110, 111, 116, 117, 121, 122, 123, 130, 148, 153
subjective indicators 7
subjective wellbeing (SWB) 20; see also affective aspects of subjective wellbeing; cognitive aspects of subjective wellbeing; specific aspect of
Sumi K. 43
survival ideology of Singaporeans 138
Tambyah S.K. 42, 44, 78, 111, 113, 116, 122, 123, 136, 146
Tan E.S. 138
Tan S.J. 42, 44, 78, 111, 113, 116, 123, 136, 138, 146
Teorell J. 121
Tov W. 21
traditional entrepreneurs cluster 104, 105–106, 106, 107
traditionalism factor 95, 96, 100, 101, 102, 103
Transparency International 4
trust: overview 17; of Singaporeans 111–113, 112, 114; sources of individual differences for generalized 115–116, 115; wellbeing and 151; see also generalized trust
Turkey 51
Tyler T.R. 85
United Kingdom 79
United Nations General Assembly 7
U.S. General Social Surveys 111
Urakawa K. 52
value orientations: clustering analysis and 94–95, 96–97, 97–102, 98, 99, 101; eco-orientation 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 102, 103; entrepreneurial spirit 95, 97, 100, 101, 102, 103; family values 94, 96, 97, 98, 102, 103; materialism 95, 97, 101–102, 101, 102, 103; in other Quality of Life surveys (1996, 2001, and 2011) 94–95, 97, 98, 99–102, 100, 101; as Quality of Life Survey (2016) variable 9, 10, 17, 94; status consciousness 95, 96, 99, 99, 102, 103; traditionalism 95, 96, 100, 101, 102, 103; volunteerism 95, 96, 99–100, 100, 102, 103
values see personal values; Schwartz’s Higher Order Values; value orientations
van Campen C. 123
Veenhoven R. 21, 30, 36, 40, 122
Verba S. 121
Villieux A. 43
volunteerism factor 95, 96, 99–100, 100, 102, 103
voter empowerment 130, 131, 132
voting efficacy 128, 128, 129, 130
Wang P. 55
Wang S.H. 22
warm relationships with others 10, 74, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 82, 83, 90, 92, 149
Weitz-Shapiro R. 121
Wellbeing Indicators 9, 10, 148; see also specific indicator
wellbeing of Singaporeans research on 1, 5–7; see also specific aspect and study of
Welsh 147
Winters M.S. 121
Withey S.B. 30
work-family conflict 8
work-life balance 8
working hours 54
Workers’ Party 147
World Happiness Report (UN) 7
World Values Survey (WVS) 6, 62, 73, 108, 110–111, 150–151
Worldwide Cost of Living Report 4
Worldwide Quality of Living Survey (2017) 2
Xiao J.J. 50
Yamashita T. 53
Zhang Y. 52