Glossary

ADW
Analytical data warehouse customized to store those parameters deemed critical for subsequent advanced analytical methodologies.
ANN
In computer science and related fields, artificial neural networks are computational models inspired by animals’ central nervous systems (in particular the brain) that are capable of machine learning and pattern recognition. They are usually presented as systems of interconnected “neurons” that can compute values from inputs by feeding information through the network.
ANOVA
Analysis of variance is a collection of statistical models used to analyze the differences between group means and their associated procedures (such as “variation” among and between groups).
AVO
Variation in seismic reflection amplitude with change in distance between shot point and receiver that indicates differences in lithology and fluid content in rocks above and below the reflector. AVO analysis is a technique by which geophysicists attempt to determine thickness, porosity, density, velocity, lithology, and fluid content of rocks.
BHA
A bottom hole assembly is a component of a drilling rig. It is the lower part of the drill string, extending from the bit to the drill pipe. The assembly can consist of drill collars, subs such as stabilizers, reamers, shocks, hole-openers, and the bit sub and bit.
BHP
The pressure, usually measured in pounds per square inch (psi), at the bottom of the hole. This pressure may be calculated in a static, fluid-filled wellbore with the equation:
BHP = MW ∗ Depth ∗ 0.052
where BHP is the bottom hole pressure in pounds per square inch, MW is the mud weight in pounds per gallon, Depth is the true vertical depth in feet, and 0.052 is a conversion factor if these units of measure are used.
BI
Business intelligence is a set of theories, methodologies, architectures, and technologies that transform raw data into meaningful and useful information for business purposes.
CAPEX
Capital expenditures are expenditures creating future benefits. A capital expenditure is incurred when a business spends money either to buy fixed assets or to add to the value of an existing fixed asset with a useful life extending beyond the taxable year.
CDP
In multichannel seismic acquisition where beds do not dip, the common reflection point at depth on a reflector, or the halfway point when a wave travels from a source to a reflector to a receiver. In the case of flat layers, the common depth point is vertically below the common midpoint.
CEP
Event processing is a method of tracking and analyzing (processing) streams of information (data) about things that happen (events), and deriving a conclusion from them. Complex event processing (CEP) is event processing that combines data from multiple sources to infer events or patterns that suggest more complicated circumstances.
CRM
Customer relationship management is a model for managing a company’s interactions with current and future customers. It involves using technology to organize, automate, and synchronize sales, marketing, customer service, and technical support.
DCA
Decline curve analysis is an empirical determination of the type curves based on historical production data to forecast well performance and estimate ultimate recovery.
DHI
In reflection seismology, a bright spot is a local high-amplitude seismic attribute anomaly that can indicate the presence of hydrocarbons and is therefore known as a direct hydrocarbon indicator.
DOFF
Digital oilfields of the future is defined by how the petroleum industry deploys its technology, people, and processes to support optimizing hydrocarbon production, improving operational safety, protecting the environment, and maximizing and discovering reserves.
E&P
Exploration and production chain that covers all the steps in the upstream: exploration, appraisal, development, production, and intervention.
EDA
In statistics, exploratory data analysis is an approach to analyzing datasets to summarize their main characteristics, often with visual methods.
EOR
Enhanced oil recovery is a generic term for techniques for increasing the amount of crude oil that can be extracted from an oil field.
ERP
Enterprise resource planning provides an integrated real-time view of core business processes, using common databases maintained by a database management system.
ETL
In computing, extract, transform, and load refers to a process in database usage and especially in data warehousing that: extracts data from outside sources; transforms it to fit operational needs, which can include quality levels, and loads it into the end target (database, more specifically, operational data store, data mart, or data warehouse).
EUR
Estimated ultimate recovery from a field, reservoir, or well.
FFT
A fast Fourier transform is an algorithm to compute the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and the inverse. A Fourier transform converts time (or space) to frequency and vice versa; an FFT rapidly computes such transformations.
FL
Fuzzy logic is a form of many-valued logic; it deals with reasoning that is approximate rather than fixed and exact. Compared to traditional binary sets (where variables may take on true or false values) fuzzy logic variables may have a truth value that ranges in degree between 0 and 1.
GA
In the computer science field of artificial intelligence, a genetic algorithm is a search heuristic that mimics the process of natural selection.
GIS
A geographic information system is a system designed to capture, store, manipulate, analyze, manage, and present all types of geographical data.
GOSP
Gas-Oil Separation Plant parts the crude oil from sediments, solids, and sand, removing gases and condensates to enable the crude to be pumped.
HSE
Occupational safety and health is an area concerned with protecting the safety, health, and welfare of people engaged in work or employment.
MDM
In business, master data management comprises the processes, governance, policies, standards, and tools that consistently define and manage the critical data of an organization to provide a single point of reference.
MPP
In computing, massively parallel refers to the use of a large number of processors (or separate computers) to perform a set of coordinated computations in parallel.
NMO
The effect of the separation between receiver and source on the arrival time of a reflection that does not dip.
OLAP
In computing, online analytical processing is an approach to answering multidimensional analytical queries swiftly.
NPT
Nonproductive time.
OOIP
Original oil in place is the total hydrocarbon content of an oil reservoir and is often abbreviated STOOIP, which stands for stock tank original oil in place, or STOIIP for stock tank oil initially in place, referring to the oil in place before the commencement of production.
OPEX
An operating expense is an ongoing cost for running an oil and gas strategy across the exploration and production value chain.
OWC
Water contact is a term used in the hydrocarbon industry to describe the elevation above which fluids other than water can be found in the pores of a rock. In most situations in the hydrocarbon industry, the term is qualified as being an oil–water contact (OWC) or a gas–water contact (GWC). Often there is also a gas–oil contact (GOC).
PCA
Principal component analysis is a statistical procedure that uses orthogonal transformation to convert a set of observations of possibly correlated variables into a set of values of linearly uncorrelated variables called principal components.
PDM
Abbreviation for positive displacement motor, a downhole motor used in the oil field to drive the drill bit or other downhole tools during directional drilling or performance drilling applications.
Q-Q Plot
In statistics, a Q–Q plot (Q stands for quantile) is a probability plot that is a graphical method for comparing two probability distributions by plotting their quantiles against each other.
SAGD
Steam assisted gravity drainage is an enhanced oil recovery technology for producing heavy crude oil and bitumen.
SMP
Symmetric multiprocessing involves a multiprocessor computer hardware and software architecture where two or more identical processors connect to a single, shared main memory, have full access to all I/O devices, and are controlled by a single OS instance that treats all processors equally, reserving none for special purposes.
SOM
A self-organizing map or self-organizing feature map (SOFM) is a type of artificial neural network (ANN) that is trained using unsupervised learning to produce a low-dimensional (typically, two-dimensional), discretized representation of the input space of the training samples, called a map.
SOR
The steam–oil ratio is a metric used to quantify the efficiency of oil recovery processes based on types of steam injection.
TOB
Torque on bit.
WAG
The WAG injection process aims to squeeze more oil out of a reservoir. It was originally intended to improve sweep efficiency during gas flooding, with intermittent slugs of water and gas designed by and large to follow the same route through the reservoir.
WOB
Weight on bit is the amount of downward force exerted on the drill bit and is normally measured in thousands of pounds.
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