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by Maofei Zhu, Linfeng Zhao, Qidong Wang, Hansong Xiao, Wuwei Chen
Integrated Vehicle Dynamics and Control
Cover
Title Page
Preface
1 Basic Knowledge of Vehicle System Dynamics
1.1 Traditional Methods of Formulating Vehicle Dynamics Equations
1.2 Dynamics of Rigid Multibody Systems
1.3 Flexible Multibody Dynamics
References
2 Tyre Dynamics
2.1 Tyre Models
2.2 Tyre Longitudinal Mechanical Properties
2.3 Vertical Mechanical Properties of Tyres
2.4 Lateral Mechanical Properties of Tyres
2.5 Mechanical Properties of Tyres in Combined Conditions
References
3 Longitudinal Vehicle Dynamics and Control
3.1 Longitudinal Vehicle Dynamics Equations
3.2 Driving Resistance
3.3 Anti-lock Braking System
3.4 Traction Control System
3.5 Vehicle Stability Control
Appendix
References
4 Vertical Vehicle Dynamics and Control
4.1 Vertical Dynamics Models
4.2 Input Models of the Road’s Surface
4.3 Design of a Semi-active Suspension System
4.4 Time-lag Problem and its Control of a Semi-active Suspension
4.5 Design of an Active Suspension System
4.6 Order-reduction Study of an Active Suspension Controller
References
5 Lateral Vehicle Dynamics and Control
5.1 General Equations of Lateral Vehicle Dynamics
5.2 Handling and Stability Analysis
5.3 Handling Stability Evaluations
5.4 Four-wheel Steering System and Control
5.5 Electric Power Steering System and Control Strategy
5.6 Automatic Lane Keeping System
References
6 System Coupling Mechanism and Vehicle Dynamic Model
6.1 Overview of Vehicle Dynamic Model
6.2 Analysis of the Chassis Coupling Mechanisms
6.3 Dynamic Model of the Nonlinear Coupling for the Integrated Controls of a Vehicle
6.4 Simulation Analysis
References
7 Integrated Vehicle Dynamics Control
7.1 Principles of Integrated Vehicle Dynamics Control
7.2 Integrated Control of Vehicle Stability Control Systems (VSC)
7.3 Integrated Control of Active Suspension System (ASS) and Vehicle Stability Control System (VSC) using Decoupling Control Method
7.4 Integrated Control of an Active Suspension System (ASS) and Electric Power Steering System (EPS) using Control Method
7.5 Integrated Control of Active Suspension System (ASS) and Electric Power Steering System (EPS) using the Predictive Control Method
7.6 Integrated Control of the Active Suspension System (ASS) and Electric Power Steering System (EPS) using a Self-adaptive Control Method
7.7 Integrated Control of an Active Suspension System (ASS) and Electric Power Steering System (EPS) using a Centralized Control Method
7.8 Integrated Control of the Electric Power Steering System (EPS) and Vehicle Stability Control (VSC) System
7.9 Centralized Control of Integrated Chassis Control Systems using the Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) Inverse System Method
References
8 Integrated Vehicle Dynamics Control
8.1 Multilayer Coordinating Control of Active Suspension System (ASS) and Active Front Steering (AFS)
8.2 Multilayer Coordinating Control of Active Suspension System (ASS) and Electric Power Steering System (EPS)
8.3 Multilayer Coordinating Control of an Active Suspension System (ASS) and Anti-lock Brake System (ABS)
8.4 Multilayer Coordinating Control of the Electric Power Steering System (EPS) and Anti-lock Brake System (ABS)
8.5 Multi-layer Coordinating Control of the Active Suspension System (ASS) and Vehicle Stability Control (VSC) System
8.6 Multilayer Coordinating Control of an Active Four-wheel Steering System (4WS) and Direct Yaw Moment Control System (DYC)
8.7 Multilayer Coordinating Control of Integrated Chassis Control Systems
8.8 Multilayer Coordinating Control of Integrated Chassis Control Systems using Game Theory and Function Distribution Methods
References
9 Perspectives
9.1 Models of Full Vehicle Dynamics
9.2 Multi-sensor Information Fusion
9.3 Fault-tolerant Control
9.4 Active and Passive Safety Integrated Control Based on the Function Allocation Method
9.5 Design of System Integration for a Vehicle
9.6 Assumption about the Vehicle of the Future
References
Index
End User License Agreement
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Index
absolute value
acceleration condition
acceleration equation
acceleration resistance
acceleration response
acceleration slip regulation
accuracy
active brake
active control
active driveline
active four-wheel steering
active front wheel steering
active integrated control
active steering
active suspension
active zone
actual distance
actuator
ADAMS
adaptive capability
adaptive capacity
adaptive control
adaptive cruise control
adaptive fuzzy logic
adaptive mechanism
adaptive PID control
additional yaw moment
adhesion friction
adjustment strategy
aerodynamic drag coefficient
aerodynamic drag force
agility
air drag force
air lifting force
airbag
aligning ability
aligning control algorithm
aligning performance
aligning torque
amplitude
amplitude-frequency characteristics
amplitude-frequency response
analytical mechanics
angle sensor
angular acceleration
angular deceleration
angular velocity
anti-lock braking
antisymmetric matrix
approaching mode
arithmetic logic
artificial intelligence
artificial neural network
assembly
assist torque
assisting-current
assisting-motor angle
assisting-motor torque
asymptotic stability
asymptotically stable
autonomous navigation
axle load
axle roll stiffness
back propagation
back-propagation algorithm
backward
balanced truncation
bicycle model
binary code
bipolar function
bisectional road
block diagram
body stiffness
body vibration
boosting ratio
boundary layer
boundary limitation
bounded model
brake adjuster
brake cylinder
brake disc
brake distance
brake drum
brake fluid
brake master cylinder
brake model
brake pipe line
brake pressure holding stage
brake pressure increase stage
brake pressure reduction stage
brake pressure regulating device
brake shoe
brake swerve
brake warning light
braking distance
braking efficiency factor
braking in turn
braking performance
braking pressure control mode
bulldozing resistance
bump height
bump length
bump road
calculation precision
camber angle
CAN bus
canonical system
Cartesian coordinate
center
center of gravity
center of mass
central controller
centralized control
centralized theory
centrifugal force
centroid
characteristic equation
chassis control system
Chassis control
chassis system
chattering phenomenon
chromosome string
client computer
clockwise direction
closed loop
control
system
clutch
collision avoidance system
column vector
combustion
compensator
compression resistance
connection weighting parameter
constraints
condition
equations
control channel
control command
control criterion
control effect
control engineering
control layer
control mechanism
control precision
control quality
control region
control strategy
control target
control valve assembly
control variable
control width
controllability
controllable damping force
controller design
convergence condition
convergence speed
coordinate transformation
coordinated control
coordinating layer
cornering force
cornering stiffness
correction current
corrective yaw moment
co-simulation
coulomb damping
couple
coupled integrated system
coupled system
coupling effect
coupling mechanism
critical damping
current correction factor
curvature
curve steering
damper
damping characteristics
damping coefficient
damping matrix
damping ratio
data communicator
data processing
data test
deceleration
decentralized control
decentralized control architecture
decision matrix
decision-making controller
defuzzify
degrees of freedom
delay
characteristics
denominator
derivative terms
desired value
desired yaw rate
detection channel
diameter
different braking forces
differential braking control
differential equation
direct contact region
direct yaw moment control
directional control
discrete state equation
distribution coefficient
disturbance channel
disturbance drag
dividing density
double lane change
drain water depth
driveline
driver identity recognition system
driver interactive system
driver’s intention
driving assistance system
driving by wire
driving direction
driving resistance
driving wheel radius
drum brake
dual planetary gear set
dynamic boundary
dynamic characteristics
dynamic evaluation
dynamic load distribution
dynamic load
dynamic stiffness
dynamic virtual path
ECU
efficiency
eigenvalue
elastic hysteresis resistance
electric power steering system
electric pump assembly
electrical power steering
electromagnetic coupling
electronic control unit
electronic stability program
emergency brake
emergency braking
emergency steering
emission
end time
engine output torque
engine power
engine torque
envelope line
environment disturbance
environmental factor
equilibrium
equivalent damping
error increment
error space
estimation algorithm
Euler parameter
evaluation index
execution module
execution subsystem
expected yaw rate
experimental configuration
experimental research
experimental result
experimentation
expert knowledge
external disturbance
external environment
extraction
fatigue
fault accommodation
fault diagnosis
fault tolerance
fault-tolerant control
fault-tolerant processing module
feasible region
feed forward control
feed forward structure
feedback control
feedback combined control
filtering white noise
finite time
first order
first-order delay
first-order linear system
fitness function
fitting coefficient
flexibility
flexible body
flexible multibody dynamics
flexible multibody systems
flywheel
force generator
four-channel vibration rig
four-wheel steering
free-body
frequency band
frequency domain
frequency range
frequency response characteristics
frequency-domain performance
friction coefficient
friction ellipse
friction resistance
friction torque
frictional resistance
fuel supply
full-order controller
function allocation
function distribution coefficient
function distribution
function integration
functional overlapping
fuzzy boundary
fuzzy control
fuzzy preview control
game matrix
game theory
Gaussian distribution
Gaussian smoothing filter
Gaussian white noise
gear ratio
gear
generalized controlled target
generalized coordinates
generalized force
generalized minimum variance regulation law
genetic algorithm
global optimal design
global optimal parameters
global optimum performance
grade B road
gradient resistance
gradient
gravitational acceleration
gravitational force
gravity
gyroscope
half-vehicle model
hand feel
handling limit
handling stability
Hankel singular value
hardware integration
hardware redundancy methods
hardware
hardware-in-loop
harmonics superposition
harshness
H
2
control
H
∞
control
hierarchical control
hierarchy structure
high order controller
high-order unmodeled
holonomic constraint
horizon control
horizontal axis
horizontal direction
horizontal distance
host and slave computer control
host computer
Hough detection
human body-sensitive frequency region
human sensitivity frequency range
human-seat system
hybrid control strategy
hybrid control system
hybrid control
hydraulic pressure control unit
hydraulic pressure
hydraulic system
hydraulic transmission lag
hydroelectric velocity
hyper plane
ideal state
ignition
image acquisition card
implicit function theorem
implicit layer
inclination angle
increment
index function
indicators interface
induced drag
inequality
inertia
inertia moment
inertial force
inertial moment
inertial resistance
information integration
inner boundary
input layer
input signal
input variables
instability mechanism
instability
integral type
integrated chassis control system
integrated control,
method
strategy
integrated manner
integrated optimization design
integrated vehicle control system
intelligent vehicle
interaction
interactor algorithm
interconnected stability
interdisciplinary subject
internal bus
internal circulation drag
internal coupling
internal friction
international standards organization
inverse
inverse Fast Fourier Transform
inverse system
irrelevant measured noise
ISO 2631–1
Jacobian matrix
Kalman filter
Kalman filtering principle
kinematic
kinematic analysis
kinematics model
kingpin caster
kingpin offset
L
2
control
Labview software
Lagrange multiplier array
Lagrangian equation
Lagrangian
lane departure warning system
lane detection
lane edge detection
lane keeping system
lane recognition
laplace inverse transform
laplace transform
laplace variable
lateral acceleration
lateral deviation
lateral direction
lateral friction coefficient
lateral mechanical property
lateral shift
lateral wind
layered control system
learning ability
learning algorithm
learning sample
Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm
lift force
limit state
linear matrix inequality
linear quadratic gauss
linear region
linear time invariant system
liquid reservoir
load transfer
local coordinates
local optimum performance
logic threshold control
log-log coordinates
long wheelbase
longitudinal direction
longitudinal distance
longitudinal friction coefficient
longitudinal stiffness
longitudinal vehicle dynamics
look-up table
low cut-off frequency
lower controller
lower cut-off angular frequency
lower limit value
LQG control
Lyapunov function
Lyapunov stability
Lyapunov stability theorem
MacPherson front (rear) suspension
magic formula
magnetic coil
magnetic field
magneto rheological fluid
magneto-rheological damper
man-machine function sharing
master cylinder
material hysteresis
material
mathematical fitting
mathematical model
Matlab
matrix inequality
maximal singular value
measured error
measured value
measurement module
measurement noise
mechanical offset
membership function
method of control
methodology
MIMO
minimal realization model
minimum variance regulation law
modal truncation
monitoring systems
multibody dynamics
multilayer control
multilayer coordinating control
multilayer integrated control
multi-objective optimization
multiple performance indices
multi-rigid body
multi-sensor information fusion
multivariable system
natural frequency
network weight
neural network control
neuron
neutral steering
Newton- Euler method
Newtonian mechanics
Nonlinear Bingham model
nonlinear characteristics
nonlinear control
nonlinear coupled relationship
nonlinear coupling
Nonlinear Dugoff tyre model
nonlinear interaction
nonlinear predictive control
nonlinearly coupled dynamical model
non-rolling dynamic stiffness
non-sprung mass
normal braking stage
normal force
numerator
NVH
objective optimization
observer
observer output
offset distance
offset
onboard network
online learning correction
open loop
operator
optimal control
strategy
optimal estimator
Optimal Hankel-norm Reduction
optimization objective
optimum control
optimum value
order reduction
orientation
origin position
origin
oscillation
outer boundary
output feedback controller
output gain
overall performance
overlap function
overshoot
oversteer
Pacejka nonlinear tyre model
parallel vehicle control architecture
parameter optimization
parameter perturbation
parameter uncertainty
parameter variation
pareto-optimal
passive fault-tolerant control
passive integrated control
passive suspension
path planning
path tracking
pattern recognition
peak response
peak value
pedal force
performance conflict
performance criterion
performance evaluation
performance factor
performance index
perspective
phase plane
phase variation
phase-frequency characteristics
PID control
pillar joint
pinion
pitch angle
pitch motion
pitch rate
plastic road
pneumatic tyre offset
pneumatic tyre
pole assignment
pole placement control law
polynomial function
position coordinate
positive definite matrix
positive direction
potential energy
power management module
power source
power spectrum,
density
power-assisted control
power-assisted curve
prediction error
predictive width
pressure drag
pressure resistance
pressure sensor
preview control
preview distance
preview following theory
preview point
property
protection circuit
pseudolinear system
pulse signal amplitude
pulse signal excitation
pump motor
pure lag
PWM pulse
PXI
quadratic form
quadratic performance index
quality
quantitative analysis
quantity
Raccati equation
rack
radial deformation curve
radial deformation
rake lever ratio
ramp resistance
random sequence generation
random sub-optimal control
random vibration theory
rational fraction
reality
real-time collision early-warning
real-time response
recursive least square estimation
recursive parameter estimation
reduced-order controller
reduction method
reduction model
redundancy
reference current
reference region
reference slip ratio
reference trajectory
reference yaw rate
relative degree
relative distance
relative factor
relative position
residual steering wheel angle
resonance
resonant frequency region
resource-sharing
response characteristics
response lag
Riccati equation
Riccatic algebra equation
rigid body
rigid motion
road adhesion coefficient
road curvature
road disturbance
road estimation algorithm
road feel
road friction
road image collection
road plastic deformation
road roughness
road surface
road unevenness
road’s surface
robust control
robustness
roll axis
roll camber coefficient
roll damping
roll input
roll motion
roll rate
roll steering coefficient
roll stiffness
roll torque
rolling dynamic stiffness
rolling moment
rolling motion
rolling radius
rolling resistance moment
rollover
root
root-mean-square values
rotary inertia
rotating mass
rotational motion
rotational movement
rough road surface
running direction
running resistance
sampling time
sampling value
saturation
scale factor
scaling
scream
seat belt
secondary development
security algorithm
security technology
security
self-adaptive control
self-adaptive integrated control
self-adjusting
self-aligning torque
self-healing
self-learning
self-tuning
semi-active suspension
sensor measure channel
sensor signals input module
separation principle
separation theorem
servo-valve
settling time
shape drag
shear resistance
shock absorber
shock
side slip resistance
signal bandwidth
signal reconstruction
SIMO
simulation environment
simulation investigation
simulation results
sine wave
single lane change
sinusoidal input
SISO
slave computer
sliding hyper plane
sliding mode surface
sliding mode variable structure control
sliding surface
slippery road
slope angle
smith pre-evaluation compensation method
snaking test
solenoid coil
solenoid valve
spatial domain
spatial frequency
speed impact factor
speed sensor
spherical rotation joint
spin
split type
spring return force
spring stiffness
spring
stability factor
stability limit
stability region
state equation
state estimator
state feedback
state observer
state space
state trajectory
state variable
state vector
static boundary
static load
static state evaluation
static stiffness
steady state
error
gain
response
yaw rate
steer by wire
steering ability
steering agility
steering aligning performance
steering column
steering gradient
steering peak angle
steering pinion
steering portability
steering sensitivity
steering shaft
steering template
steering wheel angle pulse input
steering wheel angle step input
step function
step steering input
stiffness
stochastic disturbance
stochastic excitation
stochastic fluctuation
stochastic white noise signal
straight driving
structure model
structure parameter
sub-model
suboptimal performance
sudden cornering
suitable region
super intelligent
supervision function
suppress the input disturbance
suspension dynamic deflection
suspension dynamic travel
suspension stiffness
switch plane
switching gain
switching surface
symbol function
synthetic diagnosis
target layer
test data
theoretical analysis
threshold
value
throttle
characteristics
tie rod
time domain
time-lag
time-varying
time-varying sliding mode
toolbox
toolkit
topology
torque sensor
torque/angle integrating sensor
torsion stiffness coefficient
track keeping
track width
tracking error
tracking point
tracking target
tracking trajectory
traction control system
trailing arm
training function
transfer function matrix
transfer function
transformation
transient process
transient state
transient steering characteristics
transition zone
translation mass
translational mass
translational movement
transmission output torque
transmission ratio
transverse axle
trapezoidal function
traveling trajectory
travelling direction
trial-and-error
triangle matrix
trigonometric function
turbulence resistance
twist
tyre cornering stiffness
tyre damping
tyre deformation
tyre dynamic displacement
tyre dynamic load
tyre force
tyre inflation pressure
tyre lateral force margin
tyre pressure
tyre skidding
tyre slip angle
tyre stiffness
tyre vertical load
uncertain disturbance
uncertainty
undamped natural frequency
understeer
uneven road
uniform speed
unmodeled dynamics
unsprung mass
upper bound function
upper layer controller
upper limit
upper motion controller
vanishing point search
variable slope sliding surface
variable structure control
vectors
vehicle attitude
vehicle centroid height
vehicle dynamics
vehicle dynamics equation
vehicle engineering
vehicle frame
vehicle reference model
vehicle stability control
vehicle stability factor
vehicle state collection
vehicle state
vehicle system dynamics
vehicle vertical acceleration
vehicle vibration energy
vertical direction
vertical distance
vertical load
vertical stiffness
vibration analysis
vibration frequency
virtual displacement equations
virtual path
virtual prototyping software
viscous damping
visual navigation
wading area
water film district
weighted mean method
weighted polynomial matrix
weighting coefficient matrix
weighting factor
weighting function
weighting function matrix
weighting matrix
weighting parameter
wet pavement
wheel cylinder piston diameter
wheel cylinder pressure
wheel radius
wheel system equivalent model
wheel vertical load
wheelbase
white noise
wind disturbance
wind resistance
work domain
working mode
working radius
working zone
yaw angle
yaw control
yaw moment
yaw motion
yaw rate
yaw stability
zero emissions
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