CONTENTS

Introduction

CHAPTER 1 Selecting an Operating System

What Is an OS?

What Is a Kernel?

What Else Identifies an OS?

Investigating User Interfaces

Using a Text-Mode User Interface

Using a Graphical User Interface

Where Does Linux Fit in the OS World?

Comparing Linux to Unix

Comparing Linux to Mac OS X

Comparing Linux to Windows

What Is a Distribution?

Creating a Complete Linux-Based OS

A Summary of Common Linux Distributions

Understanding Release Cycles

The Essentials and Beyond

CHAPTER 2 Investigating Linux's Principles and Philosophy

Linux through the Ages

Understanding Linux's Origins

Seeing Today's Linux World

Using Open Source Software

Understanding Basic Open Source Principles

Linux as a Software Integrator

Understanding OS Roles

Understanding Embedded Computers

Understanding Desktop and Laptop Computers

Understanding Server Computers

The Essentials and Beyond

CHAPTER 3 Understanding Software Licensing

Investigating Software Licenses

Copyright and Software

Using Licenses to Modify Copyright Terms

The Free Software Foundation

Understanding the FSF Philosophy

Free Software and the GPL

The Open Source Initiative

Understanding the Open Source Philosophy

Defining Open Source Software

The Creative Commons

Using Open Source Licenses

Understanding Open Source Licenses

Understanding Open Source Business Models

The Essentials and Beyond

CHAPTER 4 Using Common Linux Programs

Using a Linux Desktop Environment

Choosing a Desktop Environment

Launching Programs

Using a File Manager

Working with Productivity Software

Finding the Right Tool for the Job

Using a Web Browser

Using Email Clients

Using Office Tools

Using Multimedia Applications

Using Linux for Cloud Computing

Using Mobile Applications

Using Server Programs

Identifying Common Server Protocols and Programs

Installing and Launching Servers

Securing Servers

Managing Programming Languages

Choosing a Compiled vs an Interpreted Language

Identifying Common Programming Languages

The Essentials and Beyond

CHAPTER 5 Managing Hardware

Learning About Your CPU

Understanding CPU Families

Identifying Your CPU

Identifying Motherboard Capabilities

Sizing Your Power Supply

Understanding Disk Issues

Disk Interfaces

Partitioning a Disk

Understanding Filesystem Issues

Using Removable and Optical Disks

Managing Displays

Understanding the Role of X

Using Common Display Hardware

Handling USB Devices

Managing Drivers

Understanding Types of Drivers

Locating and Installing Drivers

The Essentials and Beyond

CHAPTER 6 Getting to Know the Command Line

Starting a Command Line

Launching a Terminal

Logging Into a Text-Mode Console

Logging In Remotely

Running Programs

Running Text-Mode Programs

Running GUI Programs

Running Programs in the Background

Manipulating Files

Obtaining File Listings

Changing Directories

Using Absolute and Relative File References

Using Common File Manipulation Commands

Using Shell Features

Using Command Completion

Using Command History

The Essentials and Beyond

CHAPTER 7 Managing Files

Manipulating Files

Creating Files

Copying Files

Moving and Renaming Files

Using Links

Deleting Files

Using Wildcards

Understanding Case Sensitivity

Manipulating Directories

Creating Directories

Deleting Directories

Managing Directories

The Essentials and Beyond

CHAPTER 8 Getting Help

Using man Pages

Understanding the Purpose of man Pages

Locating man Pages by Section Number

Searching for a man Page

Reading man Pages

Using less

Using info Pages

Understanding the Purpose of info Pages

Reading info Pages

Finding Additional Documentation

Locating Program Documentation on Your Computer

Locating Program Documentation Online

Consulting Experts

The Essentials and Beyond

CHAPTER 9 Using Programs and Processes

Understanding Package Management

Linux Package Management Principles

Understanding Package Systems

Managing RPM Systems

Managing Debian Systems

Understanding the Process Hierarchy

Identifying Running Processes

Using ps to Identify Processes

Using top to Identify Processes

Measuring Memory Use

Using Log Files

Locating Log Files

Producing More Verbose Log File Entries

Examining the Kernel Ring Buffer

The Essentials and Beyond

CHAPTER 10 Searching, Extracting, and Archiving Data

Using Regular Expressions

Searching for and Extracting Data

Using grep

Using find

Using wc

Redirecting Input and Output

Using Basic Redirection Operators

Using Pipes

Generating Command Lines

Archiving Data

Using tar

Using Compression

Using zip

The Essentials and Beyond

CHAPTER 11 Editing Files

Understanding the Role of Text Files

Choosing an Editor

Launching an Editor

Editing Files with pico or nano

Using Text Editor Conventions

Exploring Basic nano Text-Editing Procedures

Saving Your Changes from nano

Editing Files with Vi

Understanding Vi Modes

Exploring Basic Vi Text-Editing Procedures

Saving Your Changes from Vi

Using Configuration File Conventions

Editing Formatted Text Files

The Essentials and Beyond

CHAPTER 12 Creating Scripts

Beginning a Shell Script

Using Commands

Using Arguments

Using Variables

Using Conditional Expressions

Using Loops

Using Functions

Setting the Script's Exit Value

The Essentials and Beyond

CHAPTER 13 Understanding Users and Groups

Understanding Accounts

Understanding Account Features

Identifying Accounts

Understanding Groups

Using Account Tools

Discovering Your Own Identity

Learning Who's Online

Working as root?

Why Work as root?

Acquiring root Privileges

Using root Privileges Safely

The Essentials and Beyond

CHAPTER 14 Creating Users and Groups

Creating New Accounts

Deciding on a Group Strategy

Selecting a Good Password

Creating Accounts Using GUI Tools

Creating Accounts from the Shell

Modifying Accounts

Deciding When to Modify Accounts

Checking for Logged-in Users

Modifying Accounts Using GUI Tools

Modifying Accounts from the Shell

Deleting Accounts

Avoiding Account-Deletion Pitfalls

Deleting Accounts Using GUI Tools

Deleting Accounts from the Shell

Managing Groups

Managing Groups Using GUI Tools

Managing Groups from the Shell

The Essentials and Beyond

CHAPTER 15 Setting Ownership and Permissions

Setting Ownership

Understanding Ownership

Setting Ownership in a File Manager

Setting Ownership in a Shell

Setting Permissions

Understanding Permissions

Setting Permissions in a File Manager

Setting Permissions in a Shell

Setting the umask

The Essentials and Beyond

CHAPTER 16 Navigating the Linux Filesystem

Understanding Where Things Go

User Files vs. System Files

The Filesystem Hierarchy Standard

Important Directories and Their Contents

Using Special Permission Bits and File Features

Using Sticky Bits

Using Special Execute Permissions

Hiding Files from View

Viewing Directories

The Essentials and Beyond

CHAPTER 17 Managing Network Connections

Understanding Network Features

Configuring a Network Connection

Deciding Whether to Use DHCP

Creating a Wi-Fi Connection

Using a Network Configuration GUI

Using Text-Based Tools

Testing Your Network Connection

Checking Your Routing Table

Testing Basic Connectivity

Finding Breaks in Connectivity

Testing DNS

Checking Your Network Status

Protecting Your System from the Bad Guys

The Essentials and Beyond

APPENDIX A Answers to Review Questions

Chapter 1

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Chapter 4

Chapter 5

Chapter 6

Chapter 7

Chapter 8

Chapter 9

Chapter 10

Chapter 11

Chapter 12

Chapter 13

Chapter 14

Chapter 15

Chapter 16

Chapter 17

APPENDIX B LPI's Certification Program

The Linux Essentials Certification

Certification Objectives Map

Index

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