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by Kyung-Whan Yeom
Microwave Circuit Design: A Practical Approach Using ADS
About This eBook
Title Page
Copyright Page
Dedication Page
Contents
Preface
Acknowledgments
About the Author
Chapter 1. Microwave Integrated Circuits
1.1 Classification of Microwave Integrated Circuits
1.2 Microwave Circuits in a Communication System
1.3 Summary
References
Problems
Chapter 2. Passive Devices
2.1 Impedances
2.2 Classification
2.3 Equivalent Circuits
2.3.1 Chip-Type Capacitors
2.3.2 Chip-Type Inductors
2.3.3 Chip-Type Resistors
2.4 Impedance Measurements
2.5 Summary
References
Problems
Chapter 3. Transmission Lines
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Parameters
3.2.1 Phase Velocity
3.2.2 Wavelength
3.2.3 Characteristic Impedance
3.2.4 Measurements
3.3 Coaxial and Microstrip Lines
3.3.1 Coaxial Line
3.3.2 Microstrip Line
3.4 Sinusoidal Responses
3.4.1 Phasor Analysis
3.4.2 Reflection and Return Loss
3.4.3 Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR)
3.4.4 Smith Chart and Polar Chart
3.5 Applications
3.5.1 Short-Length Transmission Line
3.5.2 Resonant Transmission Line
3.5.3 Two-Port Circuit Application
3.6 Discontinuities
3.6.1 Open-End Microstrip
3.6.2 Step and Corner Discontinuities
3.6.3 T-Junction and Cross Junction
3.7 Summary
References
Problems
Chapter 4. S-Parameters and Noise Parameters
4.1 S-Parameters
4.1.1 Voltage S-Parameter Definition
4.1.2 Definitions and Properties of S-Parameters
4.1.3 Ports and S-Parameter Simulation
4.1.4 S-Parameter Conversion
4.1.5 Shift of Reference Planes
4.1.6 Insertion Loss and Return Loss
4.1.7 Input Reflection Coefficient
4.2 Noise Parameters
4.2.1 Expression of Internal Noise
4.2.2 Representation of Noise Signals
4.2.3 Noise Figure
4.2.4 Expression of Noise Parameters
4.2.5 Frii’s Formula
4.2.6 Measurement of Noise Figure and Noise Parameters
4.3 File Formats
4.4 Summary
References
Problems
Chapter 5. Introduction to Microwave Active Devices
5.1 Introduction
5.2 Field Effect Transistor (FET)
5.2.1 GaAs MESFET
5.2.2 Large-Signal Equivalent Circuit
5.2.3 Simplified Small-Signal Equivalent Circuit and S-Parameters
5.2.4 Package
5.2.5 GaAs pHEMT
5.3 Bipolar Junction Transistor (BJT)
5.3.1 Operation of an Si BJT
5.3.2 Large-Signal Model of a BJT
5.3.3 Simplified Equivalent Circuit and S-Parameters
5.3.4 Package
5.3.5 GaAs/AlGaAs HBT
5.4 DC Bias Circuits
5.4.1 BJT DC Bias Circuits
5.4.2 FET DC Bias Circuit Design
5.4.3 S-Parameter Simulation
5.5 Extraction of Equivalent Circuits
5.6 Summary
References
Problems
Chapter 6. Impedance Matching
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Maximum Power Transfer Theorem
6.3 Discrete Matching Circuits
6.3.1 Series-to-Parallel Conversion
6.3.2 L-Type Matching Circuit
6.3.3 A π-Type Matching Circuit
6.3.4 T-Type Matching Circuit
6.3.5 Double L-Type Matching Circuit
6.3.6 Matching Circuit Design for a General Source Impedance
6.4 Transmission-Line Matching Circuits
6.4.1 Single-Stub Tuner
6.4.2 Impedance Inverter
6.5 Summary
References
Problems
Chapter 7. Simulation and Layout
7.1 Simulation in ADS
7.2 Circuit Simulations
7.2.1 Classification of Circuit Simulations
7.2.2 DC Simulation
7.2.3 Transient Simulation
7.2.4 AC Simulation
7.2.5 Harmonic Balance Simulation
7.2.6 Multi-Tone Harmonic Balance
7.2.7 Optimization
7.3 Layout
7.3.1 Layout Example
7.3.2 Layer Preparation for Layout
7.3.3 Layout Units and Grid Set
7.3.4 Outline Setting
7.3.5 Component Layout
7.3.6 Layout Using Components
7.4 Momentum
7.4.1 Theory
7.4.2 Settings and EM Simulation
7.5 Summary
References
Problems
Chapter 8. Low-Noise Amplifiers
8.1 Introduction
8.2 Gains
8.2.1 Definition of Input and Output Reflection Coefficients
8.2.2 Thevenin Equivalent Circuit
8.2.3 Power Gains
8.3 Stability and Conjugate Matching
8.3.1 Load and Source Stability Regions
8.3.2 Stability Factor
8.3.3 Conjugate Matching
8.4 Gain and Noise Circles
8.4.1 Gain Circles
8.4.2 Noise Circles
8.5 Summary of Gains and Circles
8.5.1 Summary of Gains
8.5.2 Summary of Circles
8.6 Design Example
8.6.1 Design Goal
8.6.2 Active Device Model
8.6.3 Device Performance
8.6.4 Selection of Source and Load Impedances
8.6.5 Matching Circuit Design
8.6.6 DC Supply Circuit
8.6.7 Stability
8.6.8 Fabrication and Measurements
8.7 Summary
References
Problems
Chapter 9. Power Amplifiers
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Active Devices for Power Amplifiers
9.2.1 GaN HEMT
9.2.2 LDMOSFET
9.3 Optimum Load Impedances
9.3.1 Experimental Load-Pull Method
9.3.2 Load-Pull Simulation
9.4 Classification
9.4.1 Class-B and Class-C Power Amplifiers
9.4.2 Class-D Power Amplifiers
9.4.3 Class-E Power Amplifiers
9.4.4 Class-F Power Amplifiers
9.5 Design Example
9.5.1 Optimum Input and Output Impedances
9.5.2 Input and Output Matching Circuits
9.5.3 Design of Matching Circuits Using EM Simulation
9.6 Power Amplifier Linearity
9.6.1 Baseband Signal Modulation
9.6.2 Envelope Simulation
9.6.3 Two-Tone and ACPR Measurements
9.6.4 EVM Simulation
9.7 Composite Power Amplifiers
9.7.1 Predistorters
9.7.2 Feedforward Power Amplifiers (FPA)
9.7.3 EER (Envelope Elimination and Restoration)
9.7.4 Doherty Power Amplifier
9.8 Summary
References
Problems
Chapter 10. Microwave Oscillators
10.1 Introduction
10.2 Oscillation Conditions
10.2.1 Oscillation Conditions Based on Impedance
10.2.2 Oscillation Conditions Based on the Reflection Coefficient
10.2.3 Start-Up and Equilibrium Conditions Based on Open-Loop Gain
10.3 Phase Noise
10.3.1 Spectrum of an Oscillation Waveform
10.3.2 Relationship between Phase Noise Spectrum and Phase Jitter
10.3.3 Leeson’s Phase Noise Model
10.3.4 Comparison of Oscillator Phase Noises
10.4 Basic Oscillator Circuits
10.4.1 Basic Oscillator Circuits
10.4.2 Conversion to Basic Forms
10.4.3 Design Method
10.5 Oscillator Design Examples
10.5.1 VCO for Mobile Communications
10.5.2 Microstrip Oscillator
10.6 Dielectric Resonators
10.6.1 Operation of Dielectric Resonator (DR)
10.6.2 Extraction of the Equivalent Circuit of a DR Coupled to a Microstrip
10.7 Dielectric Resonator Oscillators (DRO)
10.7.1 DRO Design Based on Replacement
10.7.2 Dielectric Resonator Oscillator Design Using Feedback
10.7.3 Comparison between the Two DRO Design Methods
10.8 Summary
References
Problems
Chapter 11. Phase-Locked Loops
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Configuration and Operation of a PLL
11.3 PLL Components
11.3.1 Phase Detector
11.3.2 Frequency Divider
11.4 Loop Filters
11.4.1 Loop Filter
11.4.2 Second-Order Loop Filters
11.4.3 Implementation of a Second-Order Loop Filter
11.4.4 Measurement of a PLL
11.4.5 Higher-Order Loop Filters
11.5 PLL Simulation in ADS
11.5.1 Loop Filter Synthesis
11.5.2 Phase Noise Simulation
11.5.3 Transient Response Simulation
11.6 Summary
References
Problems
Chapter 12. Mixers
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Specifications
12.2.1 Conversion Loss and 1-dB Compression Point
12.2.2 Mixer Isolation and VSWR
12.3 Schottky Diodes
12.3.1 Structure of the Schottky Diode
12.3.2 The Schottky Diode Package
12.3.3 Operating Principle of the Schottky Diode
12.4 Qualitative Analysis
12.4.1 Single-Ended Mixer (SEM)
12.4.2 Single-Balanced Mixer
12.4.3 Double-Balanced Mixer (DBM)
12.4.4 Comparison of Mixers
12.5 Quantitative Analysis of the SEM
12.5.1 LO Analysis of a Mixer
12.5.2 Small-Signal Analysis
12.5.3 Calculation of Mixer Parameters
12.6 Summary
References
Problems
A. Appendix
A. Units
B. Cascaded Structure
C. Half-Wave Rectifier Analysis Using Mathcad
Harmonic Balance Calculation
D. Large-Signal Impedance and Reflection Coefficient
E. Mathematical Analysis of Negative Resistance
F. Oscillation Conditions Based on Reflection Coefficients
Index
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