Index
NUMBERS
1G cellular networks, 28
2-bit prefetch, 142
2G cellular networks, 28
3-D printers, 244–246
3G cellular networks, 29
4G cellular networks, 29
5G cellular networks, 30
110 block, 108
A
A records, 91
AAA servers, 74
AAAA records, 91
AC (alternating current), 200
access points (APs), 52
accessories
headsets, 22
speakers, 22
touch pens, 22
AC/DC converters, 202
active cooling, 193
active heatsink, 194
active power factor correction (active PFC), 207
activity lights, 192
adapters, 137
DVI to VGA, 137
USB to Ethernet, 138
additive manufacturing, 244
See also 3-D printers
Advanced RISC Machine (ARM), 185
Advanced Technology eXtended. See ATX
amps, 206
antennas, connector/placement, 15
anti-spam appliances. See spam gateways
APIPA addresses, 318
Apple iCloud, synchronizing to an Android device, 37–38
applications
corporate, 36
crashes, 280
not loading, 300
streaming, 260
virtualization, 260–261
ATA drives, 130
attack mitigation, 179
ATX, 163–165
audio
no sound from speakers, 301
troubleshooting issues, 291
audit logs, 223
authorization, 179
automatic document feeders (ADFs), 225
automatic identification and data capture (AIDC), 70
Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA), 81, 318
B
badging, 223
batteries, troubleshooting, 295
beep codes, 275–276
Berg connectors, 136
best practice methodology, 272–273
billing, 253
biometrics, 10
See also security
BIOS, 173
passwords, 182
setup utility, 175
BIOS/UEFI, 171
settings, 173–182
blue screen of death (BSoD), 276–277
enabling and pairing, 66–68
Blu-ray discs, 160–161
boot options, 177–178
boot passwords, 182
broadcast domains, 51
broken screens, 296
burning smell, 279
buses. See expansion bus architectures
C
cable modems, 56–57
cable services, 100
cable strippers, 106
cable testers, 110
cables
common 802.3 Ethernet cable codes, 118
common Ethernet cable types, 117
copper, 116–118
direct-burial underground, 119–120
DVI-to-HDMI, 137
Ethernet cable medium standards, 122
hard drive, 128–130
peripheral, 122
plenum-rated, 120
shielded twisted pair (STP), 118–119
troubleshooting cabling issues, 290
twisted pair (TP), 116
Type 3 (PoE++), 55
Type 4 (higher-power PoE), 55
unshielded twisted pair (UTP), 118
video, 127–128
capacitor swelling, 280
capacity, 171
capture cards, 190–191
CDMA, 31
CDs, 160
cellular Internet connections, 101
cellular location services, 32–34
cellular network connectivity
enabling/disabling cellular communication, 27–28
See also network connectivity
channels, 64–65
chipsets, 171
ciphertext, 182
See also encryption
clicking sounds, 285
clients, 50
cloud computing
community cloud, 251
deployment models, 250–252
desktop virtualization, 256
downtime limits, 255
elasticity/scalability, 254
file synchronization, 255–256
high availability, 254–255
hybrid cloud, 251
metered utilization, 253
printing, 220
private clouds, 250
public clouds, 250
service models, 251–252
shared resources, 252–253
cloud service providers (CSPs), 251
CLP. See connectionless protocols
CMOS, 173
setup utility, 175–177
F-type connectors, 133
code division multiple access. See CDMA
combo drives, 160
Common Unix Printing System (CUPS), 217
community cloud, 251
complex instruction set computing (CISC) architecture, 184–185
CompTIA troubleshooting methodology, 272–273
conductivity, 195
confidentiality, 179
connection methods, 18
hotspots, 22
Lightning connectors, 21
micro-USB, 20
mini-USB, 20
near-field communication (NFC), 21
serial interfaces, 21
USB, 18–19
USB-C, 19
connectionless protocols, 46, 48
connection-oriented protocols, 45–46, 47
connectivity, troubleshooting, 297, 310, 314–316
connectors, 130–131
Berg, 136
fiber optic cable connectors, 133–134
F-type, 133
Lightning connectors, 136
Lucent connector (LC), 134
Molex, 135–136
punchdown block, 134–135
registered jack (RJ), 131–133
serial, 126
straight tip (ST), 134
subscriber connector (SC), 134
Thunderbolt, 126–127
USB, 122–125
video, 127–128
and voltages, 204
consumer premises equipment (CPE), 133
cooling mechanisms, 192–197
COPs. See connection-oriented protocols
copper cables, 116–118
CPUs
cooling mechanisms, 192–197
features, 183–188
socket type, 170
crash screens, 276–277
crimpers, 106
cross-platform virtualization, 260–261
cursor drift, 299
cyclic redundancy checks (CRCs), 59
D
data loss prevention (DLP), 76
data loss troubleshooting, 286
data source, incorrect, 290
data synchronization. See synchronization
DB-9 connectors, 126
DC (direct current), 200
DDR memory, 142–143
DDR SO-DIMM, 6
DDR2 SO-DIMM, 6
DDR3, 142
DDR3L SO-DIMM, 6
DDR4, 142
DDR5, 142
decryption, 301
Desktop as a Service (DaaS), 256
desktop virtualization, 256
desktops, compatibility, 172
device drivers, 212–215
device failures, 282
device sharing, 218–220, 221–222
IPv4 vs., 83–85
leases, 93
operations, 92–93
reservations, 86
scope, 93–94
servers, 73
digital subscriber line. See DSL
digitizers, 16
troubleshooting, 298
handling and installing, 144–145
removing, 145
See also SO-DIMMs
direct thermal printing. See thermal printers
direct-burial underground cables, 119–120
direct-lit LED, 14
disk mirroring/duplexing, 159
disk striping, 159
with distributed parity, 160
display, 12
broken screens, 296
display panel components, 14–16
LCD, 13
LED, 13–14
troubleshooting display issues, 290–292
types of, 13–14
display adapters, 188
DKIM records, 92
DMARC records, 92
DNS, 90
e-mail protection in, 92
operations, 90
record types, 90–91
servers, 73
docking stations, 23
Domain Name System. See DNS
Domain Naming Service. See DNS
DomainKeys Identified Mail (DKIM), 92
dotted-octet notation, 80
double data rate (DDR) memory. See DDR memory
DRAM. See dynamic RAM (DRAM)
drawing pads, 24
DSL gateways, 57
DSL modems, 57
dual inline memory modules. See DIMMs
dual-channel memory architecture, 148–149
Duplexing ADF (DADF), 225
DVDs, 160–161
DVI to HDMI cables, 137
DVI to VGA adapters, 137
dynamic address assignment, 83–86
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol. See DHCP
dynamic RAM (DRAM), 141–142
See also RAM
E
ECC RAM, 149
edge-lit LED, 14
elasticity, 254
electromagnetic interference (EMI), 10
Electronics Industry Association/Telecommunications Industry Association (EIA/TIA), 117
electrostatic discharge (ESD)
and RAM, 144
corporate e-mail configuration, 35
decrypting, 301
embedded SIM cards. See eSIM cards
EMI. See electromagnetic interference (EMI)
Encapsulated PostScript (.eps) files, 214
encryption, 182
hardware security module (HSM), 183
using TPM, 182–183
equivalent isotopically radiated power (EIRP), 70
error messages, 282
error-correction code (ECC), 149
eSATA, 168
cables, 128–129
ESD. See electrostatic discharge (ESD)
eSIM cards, 27
Ethernet
cables, 55
hubs, 55
MFD connections, 216–217
expansion bus architectures, 166
expansion cards, 188–192
Extended Unique Identifier-64-bit (EUI-64), 82
external monitors, 300
external print servers, 219
See also printers
external SATA cables, 128–129
extruders, 245
F
fan controls, 180–181
fans, 193
See also cooling mechanisms
Federal Communications Commission (FCC), 62
fiber optic cables, 116, 121–122
connectors, 133–134
fiber services, 100
fiber-to-the-curb/fiber-to-the-cabinet (FTTC), 56, 100
fiber-to-the-home (FTTH), 56, 100
fiber-to-the-premises (FTTP), 56, 100
fiber-to-the-node/fiber-to-the-neighborhood (FTTN), 100
file servers, 73
file shares, 73
file synchronization, 255–256
File Transfer Protocol. See FTP
fixed wireless access. See FWA
flash drives, 155
flash memory, 155–156
small form factor (SFF), 165
frequencies, 62–65
licensed, 69
frequency, 65
frozen system, 301
FTP, 48
F-type connectors, 133
full-array LED, 14
G
Global Positioning System. See GPS
Global System for Mobile Communications. See GSM
Google Workspace, synchronizing to an Android or iOS device, 38
not functioning, 302
graphics processing units (GPUs), 188
GSM, 31
H
hard disk drives (HDDs), 152–153
replacing, 4–6
spindle speeds, 153
hard drives, 152–153
cables, 128–130
replacing, 4–6
hardware, 183
firewalls, 53
Internet connection hardware, 99
networking, 50–60
virtualization, 186–188
harmonics, 207
HDDs. See hard disk drives (HDDs)
headers, 168–169
headsets, 22
heat sinks, 193–195
HHDs. See solid-state hybrid drives (HHDs/SSHDs)
hosted desktop model, 256
hot-swappable devices, 123, 129
HTTP, 47
HTTPS, 47
hubs, 55
hybrid cloud, 251
hybrid heatsink, 195
hypervisors, 256, 259, 262, 263, 264
installing and creating a virtual machine, 264, 265
installing the guest operating system, 264–267
I
IDE, 130
IDE drives, installing, 157–158
IEEE 802.11, 26
IEEE 802.11ah, 69
IEEE 802.3af (Standard PoE), 54
IEEE 802.3at (PoE+), 55
IEEE 802.3bt (PoE++), 55
images per minute (ipm), 225
IMAP4, 74
impact printers, 240–241
components, 243
maintenance, 244
print heads, 241–243
See also printers
impedance, 195
indicator lights, 282, 285, 300
Industrial, Scientific, and Medical bands. See ISM bands
Information Technology eXtended. See ITX
Infrastructure as a Service (IasS), 251
inkjet printers, 234
carriage belts, 237
duplexing assembly, 237
feeders, 236
ink cartridges, 235
maintenance and cleaning, 237–238
paper trays, 236
print heads, 235–236
print process, 237
rollers, 236
See also printers
in-plane switching (IPS) display, 13
insulation displacement connectors (IDCs), 134–135
Integrated Drive Electronics. See IDE
integrated print servers, 219
See also printers
intermittent shutdowns, 279
internal clouds, 250
internal print servers, 219
See also printers
International Telecommunication Union (ITU), 62
Internet appliances, 75
Internet connection types, 99
cable services, 100
cellular services, 101
connection hardware, 99
DSL, 101
fiber services, 100
satellite connections, 99–100
wireless Internet service providers (WISPs), 101–102
Internet of Things (IoT), 76
Internet SCSI (iSCSI), 130
intrusion detection systems (IDSs), 75
intrusion prevention systems (IPSs), 75
inverters, 16
IP addressing, 79–82
IP conflicts, 318
vs. DHCP, 83–85
vs. IPv6, 82
vs. IPv4, 82
IPv6 DHCPv6, 86
IPv6 link-local addresses, 86
ISM bands, 63–64
ITX, 165
J
jitter, 316
K
keyboards
replacing, 3
sticking keys, 299
L
laptops
hardware/device replacement, 2–11
major components, 2
RAM, 145–147
system board, 3
laser printers, 228
cleaning, 232–234
components, 229–231
duplexing assembly, 231
fuser assembly, 230–231
imaging drum, 230
imaging process, 228–229
maintenance, 231–232
pickup roller and separation pad, 231
transfer belt, 231
transfer roller, 231
See also printers
latency, 316
LCD displays, 13
LED displays, 13–14
legacy/embedded systems, 76
light-emitting diodes (LEDs), 13
line-of-sight (LoS) services, 69
wireless Internet service, 101–102
link lights, 192
Linux
adding an Ethernet printer, 217
device drivers, 213
enabling and pairing Bluetooth, 68
verifying hardware virtualization is enabled, 187–188
liquid cooling systems, 193, 197
liquid damage, 298
load balancers, 75
local area networks. See LANs
local hosts, 50
local multichannel distribution service (LMDS), 69
location services, 32–34
log entries, 282
logical address space, 184
logical addresses, 79
See also IP addressing
long-range fixed wireless connectivity, 68–69
loopback addresses, 80
loopback plugs, 111
M
M.2 drives, installing, 158
M.2 form factor, 9
M.2 interface, 169–170
M.2 SSD, 155
macOS
adding an Ethernet printer, 217
device drivers, 212
enabling and pairing Bluetooth, 67–68
mail servers, 74
malware, 299
managed switches, 51
MANs, 102
manufacturers, 170
MDM. See mobile device management (MDM)
media access control (MAC) addresses, 59, 79
memory
architectures, 141–142
capability, 170
error-correcting, 149
flash memory, 155–156
replacing, 6–9
shared memory, 9
virtual, 149
See also RAM
memory management units (MMUs), 149
metered utilization, 253
metering, 253
metropolitan area networks. See MANs
MFDs, 210–211
automatic document feeders (ADFs), 225
device connectivity, 215–217
device drivers, 212–215
device sharing, 218–220, 221–222
initial configuration, 211–212
network scan services, 224
wireless printers, 217
micro-ATX, 165
microphones, 16
microSD. See SD cards
Microsoft Surface Dock, 23
See also USB
mini-ITX (mITX), 165
mini-SATA. See mSATA
miniSD. See SD cards
See also USB
mirroring, 256
mobile application management (MAM), 34, 35–36
mobile device management (MDM), 34, 35
mobile device synchronization, 36–39
mobile devices
charging, 296
compatibility, 172
troubleshooting, 295–302
See also laptops
modular power supplies, 206
Molex connectors, 135–136, 203
monitors, external, 300
motherboards
24-pin adapters, 205
compatibility, 170–172
connector types, 165–170
form factors, 163–165
headers, 168–169
multisocket, 172–173
mSATA, 154
multicore CPUs, 185
multifunction devices. See MFDs
multiple RAID, 160
multithreading, 186
MX records, 91
N
nano-ITX, 165
native virtualization, 186–188
near-field communication (NFC), 21, 70
near-field scanners, 10–11
nested RAID, 160
network adapters. See NICs
network addresses, 79
See also IP addressing
network connectivity
cellular location services, 32–34
enabling/disabling cellular communication, 27–28
GSM vs. CDMA, 31
mobile application management (MAM), 34, 35–36
mobile device communication, 26–28
mobile device management (MDM), 34, 35
mobile device synchronization, 36–39
preferred roaming lists (PRLs), 31
product release instructions (PRIs), 31
wireless generations, 28–30
network hosts, services, 72–76
network interface cards. See NICs
network scan services, 224
network switches, 59
network TAP (test access point), 111, 112
network types, 102–103
networking
hardware, 50–60
software-defined networking (SDN), 60
troubleshooting problems, 314–318
unavailable resources, 317
Next Generation Form Factor (NGFF). See M.2 interface
Non-Volatile Memory Express. See NVMe drives
O
on demand, 254
onboard video cards, 188
one-way synchronization, 256
operating systems (OSs)
missing drives, 287
OS not found, 287
optical drives, 160–161
optical network terminals (ONTs), 56
organic LED (OLED), 14
Outlook (Exchange), synchronizing to an Android or iOS device, 38–39
owner’s manual, 3
P
packets, 44
pages per minute (ppm), 225
parallel ATA (PATA), 154
drives, 130
passive cooling, 193
passive heatsink, 195
passwords, 179
boot passwords, 182
patch cables, 53
PCI, 166
PCIe connectors, 203
PCIe lane, 166
performance, sluggish, 278, 301
peripheral cables, 122
Peripheral Component Interconnect. See PCI
personal area networks. See PANs
physical addresses. See MAC addresses
pico-ITX, 165
piezo print heads, 236
Platform as a Service (PaaS), 252
plenum space, 120
plenum-rated cables, 120
Plug and Play (PnP), 215
point of presence (POP), 133
POP3, 74
port flapping, 316
port replicators, 23
ports, damaged, 298
POST beep codes, 275–276
PostScript, device drivers, 213–214
Power over Ethernet (PoE) injectors, 54, 55
Power over Ethernet (PoE) standards, 54–55
Power over Ethernet (PoE) switches, 54, 55
power supply rails, 202
power supply units (PSUs), 200
auto-switching, 202
input, 200–202
installation notes, 207–208
modular power supplies, 206
number of devices/types of devices to be powered, 207
output, 202–205
redundant power supplies, 205
switched input, 201
terminology, 201–202
preferred roaming lists (PRLs), 31
prefetching, 142
print head stepper motor, 236
print heads, 235–236
print servers, 73
Printer Control Language (PCL), device drivers, 213, 215
printers, 307
3-D, 244–246
automatic document feeders (ADFs), 225
calibration, 227–228
cloud printing, 220
configuration settings, 220–221
impact, 240–244
inkjet, 234–238
laser, 228–234
network scan services, 224
paper jams and feeding problems, 306
public and shared, 218–219
remote printing, 220
security, 222–224
thermal, 239–240
troubleshooting, 304–311
See also MFDs
private addresses, 80
private clouds, 250
product release instructions (PRIs), 31
protocols, 44–45
connection-oriented vs. connectionless, 45–48
See also specific protocols
proxy servers, 75–76
public addresses, 80
public clouds, 250
public printers, 218
See also printers
punch block, 134–135
punchdown block, 134–135
punchdown tool, 108–110
Q
quad-channel memory architecture, 149
quick connect block, 134–135
R
radio transmit power, 70
radio-frequency identification (RFID), 70
RAID, 159–160
failure, 286
troubleshooting, 285–287
RAM, 140
confirming RAM installation, 148
double data rate (DDR) memory, 142–143
dual inline memory modules (DIMMs), 141, 144–145
dynamic RAM (DRAM), 141–142
error-correcting, 149
laptop RAM, 145–147
memory architectures, 141–142
packages, 140–145
performance configurations, 148–149
removing, 8
replacing, 6–9
SO-DIMMs, 145–147
synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), 142
virtual, 149
rapid elasticity, 254
read/write failure, 286–287
received signal strength indicator (RSSI), 70
redundant power supplies, 205
registered jack (RJ) connectors, 131–133
remote desktop services (RDS), 256
remote hosts, 50
remote printing, 220
resources, 50
Reversing ADF (RADF), 225
RF spectrum, 69
RJ-11 connectors, 131
ROM, 173–174
routers, 50
S
sandboxing, 259
SANs, 103
SATA buses, 6
SATA drives, installing, 156–157
satellite connectivity, 68, 99–100
SCADA, 76
scalability, 254
scaling, 253
scatternet, 32
SCSI, 130
SD cards, 156
SDRAM. See synchronous DRAM (SDRAM)
Secure Shell (SSH) protocol, 47
security
audit logs, 223
badging, 223
biometrics, 10
mobile device management (MDM), 34, 35
near-field scanners, 10–11
overview, 9
physical, 10
printers, 222–224
secure print, 224
two-factor authentication, 36
user authentication, 222–223
Sender Policy Framework records, 92
serial ATA. See SATA
Serial Attached SCSI (SAS) devices, 21, 130
serial connectors, 126
serial interfaces, 21
servers, 50
compatibility, 172
roles, 73–74
shared memory, 9
shared printers, 218–219
See also printers
shared resources, 252–253
shielded twisted pair (STP) cables, 118–119
shutdowns
intermittent, 279
troubleshooting projector shutdowns, 292
SIM cards, 27
SIMM, 141
single core CPUs, 185
single inline memory module. See SIMM
single memory channel, 148
sluggish performance, 278, 301
Small Computer System Interface. See SCSI
small form factor (SFF), 165
small office/home office networks, 79–88
S.M.A.R.T. failure, 286
smoke, 279
SMTP, 74
handling and installing, 146–147
Software as a Service (SaaS), 252
software firewalls, 53
See also firewalls
software-defined networking (SDN), 60
SOHO networks, 79–88
solid-state drives (SSDs), 153–155
replacing, 4–6
solid-state hybrid drives (HHDs/SSHDs), replacing, 4–6
sound cards, 189–190
spam gateways, 75
speed lights, 192
SPF records, 92
spinning pinwheel of death (SPoD), 277
SSDs. See solid-state drives (SSDs)
SSHDs. See solid-state hybrid drives (HHDs/SSHDs)
SSIDs, 318
stateful packet inspection (SPI), 53
Stateless Address Autoconfiguration (SLAAC), 86
status indicators, 192
sticking keys, 299
storage area networks. See SANs
storage drives, troubleshooting, 285–287
Subscriber Identification Module cards. See SIM cards
supervisory control and data acquisition. See SCADA
swap files, 149
swap spaces, 149
synchronization, 36–37
Apple iCloud to an Android device, 37–38
Google Workspace to an Android or iOS device, 38
Outlook (Exchange) to an Android or iOS device, 38–39
synchronous DRAM (SDRAM), 142
syslog, 74
system compatibility, 172
system date/time, 281
system lockups, 281
T
T568A/B standards, 132–133
TCP
ports and protocols, 44–45
vs. UDP, 47
TCP/IP, 44
terminating blocks, 134–135
tethering. See hotspots
TFTP, 48
thermal conductors, 195–197
thermal interface material (TIM), 195
thermal pads, 195–196
thermal paper, 240
thermal paste, 196–197
thermal print heads, 236
thermal printers, 239–240
See also printers
thermal throttling, 197
thermoplastic material, 245
thrashing, 149
Thunderbolt, 126–127
ports, 23
tone generators. See toner probes
toner probes, 107–108
tools
cable strippers, 106
cable testers, 110
crimpers, 106
loopback plugs, 111
network TAP (test access point), 111, 112
punchdown tool, 108–110
toner probes, 107–108
Wi-Fi analyzers, 107
touch calibration, 299
touch pens, 22
touchpads. See trackpads
trackpads, 24
Transmission Control Protocol. See TCP
triangulation, 33
triple-channel memory architecture, 149
Trivial FTP. See TFTP
troubleshooting, 275
application crashes, 280
attempts to boot to incorrect device, 281
burning smell and smoke, 279
capacitor swelling, 280
connectivity problems, 297
fans spin and no power to other devices, 282
grinding noise, 280
inaccurate system date/time, 281
indicator lights, 282
intermittent device failures, 282
intermittent shutdowns, 279
log entries and error messages, 282
mobile device issues, 295–302
networking issues, 314–318
no power, 277
overheating, 278
power-on self-test beep codes, 275–276
printer issues, 304–311
proprietary crash screens, 276–277
RAID array problems, 285–287
sluggish performance, 278
storage drives, 285–287
system lockups, 281
video, projector and display issues, 290–292
troubleshooting methodology, 272–273
Trusted Platform Module. See TPM
twisted nematic (TN) display, 13
twisted pair (TP) cables, 116, 117
two-factor authentication, 36
two-way synchronization, 256
TXT records, 91
U
UDP
ports and protocols, 44–45
TCP vs., 47
UEFI, 174
See also BIOS/UEFI
unified threat management (UTM), 75
UNII bands, 64
universal serial bus. See USB
Unlicensed National Information Infrastructure (UNII) bands. See UNII bands
unmanaged switches, 51
unshielded twisted pair (UTP) cables, 118
USB, 18–19
connection types, 124
connectors, 122–125
MFD connections, 216
permissions, 178–179
standards, 124
See also micro-USB; mini-USB; serial interfaces
USB to Ethernet adapters, 138
user authentication, 222–223
User Datagram Protocol. See UDP
V
vertical alignment (VA) display, 13
video
adapters and connectors, 137
cables and connectors, 127–128
cards, 188
troubleshooting video, projector and display issues, 290–292
virtual address space (VAS), 184
virtual desktop infrastructure (VDI), 256
virtual local area networks. See VLANs
virtual machine managers (VMMs), 261
virtual memory, 149
virtual private networks. See VPNs
virtualization, 259
application virtualization, 260–261
cross-platform virtualization, 260–261
desktop, 256
emulator requirements, 262
hypervisors, 256, 259, 262, 263–267
network requirements, 263
purpose of virtual machines, 259
resource requirements, 261–262
sandboxing, 259
security requirements, 262–263
test-driven development, 260
VLANs, 96
VoIP, poor quality, 316
volts, 206
VPNs, 94–95
W
wattage rating, 206–207
watts, 206
web servers, 74
wide area networks. See WANs
Wi-Fi, antenna connector/placement, 15
Wi-Fi analyzers, 107
Windows
adding an Ethernet printer, 217
enabling and pairing Bluetooth, 66–67
verifying hardware virtualization is enabled, 187
Windows Biometric Framework (WBF), 10
See also security
wire snips, 106
wire strippers, 106
wireless APs (WAPs), 52
wireless cards, replacing, 9
wireless generations, 28–30
wireless local area network. See WLAN
wireless network connectivity
enabling/disabling Wi-Fi communication, 28
See also network connectivity
wireless networking standards, 65–66
wireless printers, 217
WLAN, 103
power and signal strength, 70
X
x64 architecture, 184
x86 architecture, 184–185
x86-64, 184
x86-based 64-bit ISA, 184