- About This eBook
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- Developer’s Library
- Dedication Page
- Contents
- Acknowledgments
- About the Author
- We Want to Hear from You!
- Reader Services
- Introduction
- Who Should Read This Book
- Why You Should Read This Book
- What You Will Learn from This Book
- What Is Node.js?
- What Is MongoDB?
- What Is AngularJS?
- How This Book Is Organized
- Getting the Code Examples
- A Final Word
- 1. Introducing the Node.js-to-AngularJS Stack
- 2. JavaScript Primer
- II: Learning Node.js
- 3. Getting Started with Node.js
- 4. Using Events, Listeners, Timers, and Callbacks in Node.js
- 5. Handling Data I/O in Node.js
- 6. Accessing the File System from Node.js
- 7. Implementing HTTP Services in Node.js
- 8. Implementing Socket Services in Node.js
- Implementing TLS Servers and Clients
- Summary
- Up Next
- Understanding the process Module
- Implementing Child Processes
- Using the cluster Module
- Understanding the Worker Object
- Implementing an HTTP Cluster
- Summary
- Up Next
- 10. Using Additional Node.js Modules
- III: Learning MongoDB
- 11. Understanding NoSQL and MongoDB
- Why NoSQL?
- Understanding MongoDB
- MongoDB Data Types
- Planning Your Data Model
- Normalizing Data with Document References
- Denormalizing Data with Embedded Documents
- Using Capped Collections
- Understanding Atomic Write Operations
- Considering Document Growth
- Identifying Indexing, Sharding, and Replication Opportunities
- Large Collections Versus Large Numbers of Collections
- Deciding on Data Life Cycles
- Considering Data Usability and Performance
- Up Next
- 12. Getting Started with MongoDB
- Adding the MongoDB Driver to Node.js
- Connecting to MongoDB from Node.js
- Understanding the Db Object
- Understanding the Admin Object
- Understanding the Collection Object
- Understanding the Cursor Object
- 11. Understanding NoSQL and MongoDB
- Accessing and Manipulating Databases
- Accessing and Manipulating Collections
- Summary
- Up Next
- 14. Manipulating MongoDB Documents from Node.js
- Understanding Database Change Options
- Understanding Database Update Operators
- Adding Documents to a Collection
- Updating Documents in a Collection
- Atomically Modifying Documents in a Collection
- Saving Documents in a Collection
- Using upsert to Insert Documents in a Collection
- Deleting Documents from a Collection
- Removing a Single Document from a Collection
- Summary
- 15. Accessing MongoDB Documents from Node.js
- 16. Using Mongoose for Structured Schema and Validation
- Understanding Mongoose
- Defining a Schema
- Compiling a Model
- Understanding the Query Object
- Understanding the Document Object
- Finding Documents by Using Mongoose
- Adding Documents by Using Mongoose
- Updating Documents by Using Mongoose
- Removing Documents by Using Mongoose
- Aggregating Documents by Using Mongoose
- Using the Validation Framework
- Implementing Middleware Functions
- Summary
- Up Next
- 17. Advanced MongoDB Concepts
- IV: Using Express to Make Life Easier
- 19. Implementing Express Middleware
- V: Learning AngularJS
- 20. Getting Started with AngularJS
- Why AngularJS?
- Understanding AngularJS
- An Overview of the AngularJS Life Cycle
- Integrating AngularJS with Existing JavaScript and jQuery
- Adding AngularJS to the Node.js Environment
- Bootstrapping AngularJS in an HTML Document
- Using the Global APIs
- Creating a Basic AngularJS Application
- Summary
- Up Next
- 21. Understanding AngularJS Modules and Dependency Injection
- 22. Implementing the Scope as a Data Model
- 23. Using AngularJS Templates to Create Views
- 24. Implementing Directives in AngularJS Views
- 25. Implementing AngularJS Services in Web Applications
- 20. Getting Started with AngularJS
- VI: Building Practical Web Application Components
- Libraries Used
- Project Directory Structure
- Defining the User Model
- Creating the Server
- Implementing Routes
- Implementing the User Signup Route
- Implementing the User Login Route
- Implementing the Get User Profile Route
- Implementing the Update User Route
- Implementing the Delete User Route
- Full User Controller Code
- Implementing the User and Authentication Views
- Implementing the AngularJS Module and Controller
- Using Social Media Accounts as Authentication Sources
- Summary
- Up Next
- 27. Adding Comment Threads to Pages
- Libraries Used
- Defining the Comment, Reply, Photo, and Page Models
- Creating the Comments Server
- Implementing Routes to Support Viewing and Adding Comments
- Implementing the Model-Based Controller Routes
- Implementing Photo and Comment Views
- Implementing the AngularJS Module and Controller to Support Comment Views
- Initializing the Application
- Summary
- Up Next
- 28. Creating Your Own Shopping Cart
- Project Description
- Libraries Used
- Project Directory Structure
- Defining the Customer, Product, and Orders Models
- Creating the Shopping Cart Server
- Implementing Routes to Support Product, Cart, and Order Requests
- Implementing the Model-Based Controller Routes
- Implementing Shopping Cart and Checkout Views
- Implementing the AngularJS Module and Controller to Support Shopping Cart Views
- Initializing the Application
- Summary
- Up Next
- 29. Building Interactive Web 2.0 Application Components
- Project Description
- Libraries Used
- Project Directory Structure
- Defining the Project Model
- Creating the Application Server
- Implementing Routes to Support the Views
- Implementing a Tabbed View
- Creating the Backend Weather Service
- Defining the Weather AngularJS Controller
- Defining the Weather AngularJS View
- Styling the Weather View
- Implementing Draggable Elements
- Implementing Dynamic Data Access
- Initializing the Application
- Summary
- Index
Understanding Documents
A document is a representation of a single entity of data in a MongoDB database. A collection is made up of one or more related objects. There is a major difference between MongoDB and SQL in that MongoDB documents are very different from SQL rows. Row data is very flat, meaning there is one column for each value in the row. However, in MongoDB, documents can contain embedded subdocuments, thus providing a much closer inherent data model to your applications.
In fact, the records in a MongoDB database that represent documents are stored as BSON, which is a lightweight binary form of JSON. In addition, MongoDB field/value pairs correspond to JavaScript property/value pairs. These field/value pairs define the values that are stored in the document. This means there is very little translation necessary to convert MongoDB records back into the JavaScript objects that you will use in your Node.js applications.
For example, a document in MongoDB may be structured like this, with name, version, languages, admin, and paths fields:
{
name: "New Project",
version: 1,
languages: ["JavaScript", "HTML", "CSS"],
admin: {name: "Brad", password: "****"},
paths: {temp: "/tmp", project:"/opt/project", html: "/opt/project/html"}
}
Notice that the document structure contains fields/properties that are strings, integers, arrays, and objects, just like in a JavaScript object. Table 11.1 lists the different data types that field values can be set to in a BSON document.
The fieldnames cannot contain null characters, dots (.), or dollar signs ($). Also, the _id fieldname is reserved for the object ID. The _id field is a unique ID for the system that is made up of the following parts:
A 4-byte value representing the seconds since the last epoch
A 3-byte machine identifier
A 2-byte process ID
A 3-byte counter, starting with a random value
The maximum size of a document in MongoDB is 16MB. This prevents queries that result in an excessive amount of RAM being used or intensive hits to the file system. Although you may never come close to this number, you need to keep the maximum document size in mind when designing some complex data types that contain file data.
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