- Cover
- About The Authors
- Title Page
- Copyright Page
- Contents
- Preface
- Acknowledgments
- Chapter 1. Introduction to Electronics
- Chapter 2. Theory
- 2.1 Theory of Electronics
- 2.2 Electric Current
- 2.3 Voltage
- 2.4 A Microscopic View of Conduction (For Those Who Are Interested)
- 2.5 Resistance, Resistivity, Conductivity
- 2.6 Insulators, Conductors, and Semiconductors
- 2.7 Heat and Power
- 2.8 Thermal Heat Conduction and Thermal Resistance
- 2.9 Wire Gauges
- 2.10 Grounds
- 2.11 Electric Circuits
- 2.12 Ohm’s Law and Resistors
- 2.13 Voltage and Current Sources
- 2.14 Measuring Voltage, Current, and Resistance
- 2.15 Combining Batteries
- 2.16 Open and Short Circuits
- 2.17 Kirchhoff’s Laws
- 2.18 Superposition Theorem
- 2.19 Thevenin’s and Norton’s Theorems
- 2.20 AC Circuits
- 2.21 AC and Resistors, RMS Voltage, and Current
- 2.22 Mains Power
- 2.23 Capacitors
- 2.23.1 Determining Capacitance
- 2.23.2 Commercial Capacitors
- 2.23.3 Voltage Rating and Dielectric Breakdown
- 2.23.4 Maxwell’s Displacement Current
- 2.23.5 Charge-Based Model of Current Through a Capacitor
- 2.23.6 Capacitor Water Analogy
- 2.23.7 Energy in a Capacitor
- 2.23.8 RC Time Constant
- 2.23.9 Stray Capacitance
- 2.23.10 Capacitors in Parallel
- 2.23.11 Capacitors in Series
- 2.23.12 Alternating Current in a Capacitor
- 2.23.13 Capacitive Reactance
- 2.23.14 Capacitive Divider
- 2.23.15 Quality Factor
- 2.24 Inductors
- 2.24.1 Electromagnetism
- 2.24.2 Magnetic Fields and Their Influence
- 2.24.3 Self-Inductance
- 2.24.4 Inductors
- 2.24.5 Inductor Water Analogy
- 2.24.6 Inductor Equations
- 2.24.7 Energy Within an Inductor
- 2.24.8 Inductor Cores
- 2.24.9 Understanding the Inductor Equations
- 2.24.10 Energizing LR Circuit
- 2.24.11 Deenergizing LR Circuit
- 2.24.12 Voltage Spikes Due to Switching
- 2.24.13 Straight-Wire Inductance
- 2.24.14 Mutual Inductance and Magnetic Coupling
- 2.24.15 Unwanted Coupling: Spikes, Lightning, and Other Pulses
- 2.24.16 Inductors in Series and Parallel
- 2.24.17 Alternating Current and Inductors
- 2.24.18 Inductive Reactance
- 2.24.19 Nonideal Inductor Model
- 2.24.20 Quality Factor
- 2.24.21 Inductor Applications
- 2.25 Modeling Complex Circuits
- 2.26 Complex Numbers
- 2.27 Circuit with Sinusoidal Sources
- 2.28 Power in AC Circuits (Apparent Power, Real Power, Reactive Power)
- 2.29 Thevenin’s Theorem in AC Form
- 2.30 Resonant Circuits
- 2.31 Lecture on Decibels
- 2.32 Input and Output Impedance
- 2.33 Two-Port Networks and Filters
- 2.34 Transient Circuits
- 2.35 Circuits with Periodic Nonsinusoidal Sources
- 2.36 Nonperiodic Sources
- 2.37 SPICE
- Chapter 3. Basic Electronic Circuit Components
- 3.1 Wires, Cables, and Connectors
- 3.2 Batteries
- 3.3 Switches
- 3.4 Relays
- 3.5 Resistors
- 3.6 Capacitors
- 3.6.1 Capacitance
- 3.6.2 Capacitors in Parallel
- 3.6.3 Capacitors in Series
- 3.6.4 RC Time Constant
- 3.6.5 Capacitive Reactance
- 3.6.6 Real Capacitors
- 3.6.7 Capacitor Specifications
- 3.6.8 Types of Capacitors
- 3.6.9 Capacitor Applications
- 3.6.10 Timing and Sample and Hold
- 3.6.11 RC Ripple Filter
- 3.6.12 Arc Suppression
- 3.6.13 Supercapacitor Applications
- 3.6.14 Problems
- 3.7 Inductors
- 3.8 Transformers
- 3.9 Fuses and Circuit Breakers
- Chapter 4. Semiconductors
- 4.1 Semiconductor Technology
- 4.2 Diodes
- 4.2.1 How p-n Junction Diodes Work
- 4.2.2 Diode Water Analogy
- 4.2.3 Kinds of Rectifiers/Diodes
- 4.2.4 Practical Considerations
- 4.2.5 Diode/Rectifier Applications
- 4.2.6 Zener Diodes
- 4.2.7 Zener Diode Applications
- 4.2.8 Varactor Diodes (Variable Capacitance Diodes)
- 4.2.9 PIN Diodes
- 4.2.10 Microwave Diodes (IMPATT, Gunn, Tunnel, etc.)
- 4.2.11 Problems
- 4.3 Transistors
- 4.4 Thyristors
- 4.5 Transient Voltage Suppressors
- 4.6 Integrated Circuits
- Chapter 5. Optoelectronics
- Chapter 6. Sensors
- Chapter 7. Hands-on Electronics
- 7.1 Safety
- 7.2 Constructing Circuits
- 7.2.1 Drawing a Circuit Schematic
- 7.2.2 A Note on Circuit Simulator Programs
- 7.2.3 Making a Prototype of Your Circuit
- 7.2.4 The Final Circuit
- 7.2.5 Making a PCB
- 7.2.6 Special Pieces of Hardware Used in Circuit Construction
- 7.2.7 Soldering
- 7.2.8 Desoldering
- 7.2.9 Enclosing the Circuit
- 7.2.10 Useful Items to Keep Handy
- 7.2.11 Troubleshooting the Circuits You Build
- 7.3 Multimeters
- 7.4 Oscilloscopes
- 7.5 The Electronics Laboratory
- 7.5.1 Work Area
- 7.5.2 Test Equipment
- 7.5.3 Multimeters
- 7.5.4 DC Power Supplies
- 7.5.5 Oscilloscope
- 7.5.6 Oscilloscope Probes
- 7.5.7 General-Purpose Function Generator
- 7.5.8 Frequency Counter
- 7.5.9 Computer
- 7.5.10 Miscellaneous Test Equipment
- 7.5.11 Multifunction PC Instruments
- 7.5.12 Isolation Transformers
- 7.5.13 Variable Transformers, or Variacs
- 7.5.14 Substitution Boxes
- 7.5.15 Test Cables, Connectors, and Adapters
- 7.5.16 Soldering Equipment
- 7.5.17 Prototyping Boards
- 7.5.18 Hand Tools
- 7.5.19 Wires, Cables, Hardware, and Chemicals
- 7.5.20 Electronics Catalogs
- 7.5.21 Recommended Electronics Parts
- 7.5.22 Electronic CAD Programs
- 7.5.23 Building Your Own Workbench
- Chapter 8. Operational Amplifiers
- 8.1 Operational Amplifier Water Analogy
- 8.2 How Op Amps Work (The “Cop-Out” Explanation)
- 8.3 Theory
- 8.4 Negative Feedback
- 8.5 Positive Feedback
- 8.6 Real Kinds of Op Amps
- 8.7 Op Amp Specifications
- 8.8 Powering Op Amps
- 8.9 Some Practical Notes
- 8.10 Voltage and Current Offset Compensation
- 8.11 Frequency Compensation
- 8.12 Comparators
- 8.13 Comparators with Hysteresis
- 8.14 Using Single-Supply Comparators
- 8.15 Window Comparator
- 8.16 Voltage-Level Indicator
- 8.17 Applications
- Chapter 9. Filters
- Chapter 10. Oscillators and Timers
- Chapter 11. Voltage Regulators and Power Supplies
- 11.1 Voltage-Regulator ICs
- 11.2 A Quick Look at a Few Regulator Applications
- 11.3 The Transformer
- 11.4 Rectifier Packages
- 11.5 A Few Simple Power Supplies
- 11.6 Technical Points About Ripple Reduction
- 11.7 Loose Ends
- 11.8 Switching Regulator Supplies (Switchers)
- 11.9 Switch-Mode Power Supplies
- 11.10 Kinds of Commercial Power Supply Packages
- 11.11 Power Supply Construction
- Chapter 12. Digital Electronics
- 12.1 The Basics of Digital Electronics
- 12.2 Logic Gates
- 12.3 Combinational Devices
- 12.3.1 Multiplexers (Data Selectors) and Bilateral Switches
- 12.3.2 Demultiplexers (Data Distributors) and Decoders
- 12.3.3 Encoders and Code Converters
- 12.3.4 Binary Adders
- 12.3.5 Binary Adder/Subtractor
- 12.3.6 Arithmetic Logic Units
- 12.3.7 Comparators and Magnitude Comparator ICs
- 12.3.8 Parity Generator/Checker
- 12.3.9 A Note on Obsolescence and the Trend Toward Microcontroller Control
- 12.4 Logic Families
- 12.4.1 TTL Family of ICs
- 12.4.2 CMOS Family of ICs
- 12.4.3 I/O Voltages and Noise Margins
- 12.4.4 Current Ratings, Fanout, and Propagation Delays
- 12.4.5 A Detailed Look at the TTL and CMOS Subfamilies
- 12.4.6 A Look at a Few Other Logic Series
- 12.4.7 Logic Gates with Open-Collector Outputs
- 12.4.8 Schmitt-Triggered Gates
- 12.4.9 Interfacing Logic Families
- 12.5 Powering and Testing Logic ICs
- 12.6 Sequential Logic
- 12.6.1 SR Flip-Flops
- 12.6.2 SR Flip-Flop ICs
- 12.6.3 D-Type Flip-Flops
- 12.6.4 Quad and Octal D Flip-Flops
- 12.6.5 JK Flip-Flops
- 12.6.6 Practical Timing Considerations with Flip-Flops
- 12.6.7 Digital Clock Generators and Single-Pulse Generators
- 12.6.8 Automatic Power-Up Clear (Reset) Circuits
- 12.6.9 More on Switch Debouncers
- 12.6.10 Pullup and Pulldown Resistors
- 12.7 Counter ICs
- 12.8 Shift Registers
- 12.9 Three-State Buffers, Latches, and Transceivers
- 12.10 Analog/Digital Interfacing
- 12.11 Displays
- 12.12 Memory Devices
- Chapter 13. Microcontrollers
- Chapter 14. Motors
- Chapter 15. Audio Electronics
- 15.1 A Little Lecture on Sound
- 15.2 Microphones
- 15.3 Microphone Specifications
- 15.4 Audio Amplifiers
- 15.5 Preamplifiers
- 15.6 Mixer Circuits
- 15.7 A Note on Impedance Matching
- 15.8 Speakers
- 15.9 Crossover Networks
- 15.10 Simple ICs Used to Drive Speakers
- 15.11 Audible-Signal Devices
- 15.12 Miscellaneous Audio Circuits
- Chapter 16. Modular Electronics
- Appendix A: Power Distribution and Home Wiring
- Appendix B: Error Analysis
- Appendix C: Useful Facts and Formulas
- Index
ABOUT THE AUTHORS
Paul Scherz is a physicist/mechanical engineer who received his BS in Physics from the University of Wisconsin. His area of interest in physics focuses on elementary particle interactions. Paul is an inventor/hobbyist in electronics, an area he grew to appreciate through his experience at the University’s Department of Nuclear Engineering and Engineering Physics and the Department of Plasma Physics.
Dr. Simon Monk has a bachelor’s degree in Cybernetics and Computer Science and a PhD in Software Engineering. Simon spent several years as an academic before he returned to industry, cofounding the mobile software company Momote Ltd. Simon is now a full-time author and has published a number of books in the McGraw-Hill Evil Genius series, as well as books on programming the Arduino and Raspberry Pi. He has also published books on IOIO and .NET Gadgeteer.
ABOUT THE TECHNICAL EDITORS
Michael Margolis has more than 40 years of experience developing and delivering hardware and software solutions. He has worked at senior levels with Sony, Lucent/Bell Labs, and a number of start-up companies. Michael is the author of two books, Arduino Cookbook and Make an Arduino-Controlled Robot: Autonomous and Remote-Controlled Bots on Wheels.
Chris Fitzer is a solutions architect and technical manager, who received his PhD in Electrical and Electronic Engineering from the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST) in 2003 and a first class honors degree (BSc) in 1999. Chris currently leads a global team, developing and deploying Smart Grid technologies around the world. Previous positions have seen him drive the European interests of the ZigBee Smart Energy (ZSE) profile and lead the development of the world’s first certified Smart Energy In Premise Display (IPD) and prototype smart meter. He has also authored or co-authored numerous technical journal papers within the field of Smarter Grids.
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