NOTES
Introduction
1. Kyle Smith, “Blame the ATM!” New York Post, June 19, 2011, https://nypost.com/2011/06/19/blame-the-atm/.
2. “Are ATM’s Stealing Jobs?” The Economist, June 15, 2011, https://www.economist.com/blogs/democracyinamerica/2011/06/technology-and-unemployment.
3. James Bessen, Learning by Doing: The Real Connection between Innovation, Wages, and Wealth (New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2015).
4. Tamar Jacoby, “Technology Isn’t a Job Killer,” Wall Street Journal, May 20, 2015, https://www.wsj.com/articles/technology-isnt-a-job-killer-1432161213.
5. Ethan J., “Banks Getting Rid of Tellers Are Replacing Them with Video Conferencing Mini-Banks,” VC Daily, May 16, 2017, https://www.videoconferencingdaily.com/recent-news/banks-getting-rid-tellers-replacing-video-conferencing-mini-banks/.
6. Ibid.
Part 1
1. Michael J. Miller, “AI’s Implications for Productivity, Wages and Employment,” PC Magazine, November 20, 2017, https://www.pcmag.com/article/357490/ais-implications-for-productivity-wages-and-employment.
Chapter 1
1. S. Glucksberg, “The Influence of Strength of Drive on Functional Fixedness and Perceptual Recognition,” Journal of Experimental Psychology 63 (1962): 36–41; https://curiosity.com/topics/the-candle-problem-from-1945-is-a-logic-puzzle-that-requires-creative-thinking-curiosity/.
2. Bouree Lam, “Life as a Teller in the Age of the Automated Teller Machine, The Atlantic, August 12, 2016, https://www.theatlantic.com/business/archive/2016/08/the-teller-in-the-age-of-the-atm/495671/.
3. O*Net Resource Center, “About O*Net,” https://www.onetcenter.org/overview.html.
4. Peter Evans-Greenwood, Harvey Lewis, and Jim Guszcza, “Reconstructing Work: Automation, Artificial Intelligence, and the Essential Role of Humans,” Deloitte Review, July 2017.
5. Clifford Strauss, “Texas Oil Fields Rebound from Price Lull, But Jobs Are Left Behind,” New York Times, February 19, 2017, https://nyti.ms/2lwUfw3.
6. Michael Hammer, “Reengineering Work: Don’t Automate, Obliterate,” Harvard Business Review, July–August 1990, 104–112.
7. Ibid.
Chapter 2
1. John W. Boudreau, Retooling HR: Using Proven Business Tools to Make Better Decisions about Talent (Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2010).
2. John W. Boudreau and Peter M. Ramstad, Beyond HR: The New Science of Human Capital (Boston: Harvard Business Review Press, 2007).
3. Ibid.
Chapter 3
1. George Zarkadakis, Ravin Jesuthasan, and Tracey Malcolm, “The 3 Ways Work Can Be Automated,” hbr.org, October 13, 2016, https://hbr.org/2016/10/the-3-ways-work-can-be-automated?autocomplete=true.
2. Leslie Willcocks, Mary Lacity, and Andrew Craig, “Robotic Process Automation at Xchanging,” Paper 15/03, The Outsourcing Unit Working Research Paper Series, June 2015.
3. David Silver et al., “Mastering the Game of Go without Human Knowledge,” Nature, October 19, 2017, https://www.nature.com/articles/nature24270.
4. Jennifer Smith, “A Robot Can Be a Warehouse Worker’s Best Friend,” Wall Street Journal, August 3, 2017, https://www.wsj.com/articles/a-robot-can-be-a-warehouse-workers-best-friend-1501752600.
5. “How Allstate and Farmers Will Use Drones to Assess Damage from Hurricane Harvey,” Reuters, August 30, 2107, https://finance.yahoo.com/news/allstate-farmers-insurance-drones-assess-114721776.html.
6. Sy Mukherjee, “Coming to an O.R. Near You,” Fortune, November 1, 2017, 50–56.
7. Carrie Printz, “Artificial Intelligence Platform for Oncology Could Assist in Treatment Decisions,” Cancer, March 6, 2017, https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/cncr.30655.
8. “IBM Watson for Oncology Platform Shows High Degree of Concordance with Physician Recommendations,” American Association for Cancer Research, press release, December 9, 2016, http://www.aacr.org/Newsroom/Pages/News-Release-Detail.aspx?ItemID=983#.WmPNp66nHIU.
9. Azad Shademan et al., “Supervised Autonomous Robotic Soft Tissue Surgery,” Science Transitional Medicine 8, no. 337 (2016): 337, http://stm.sciencemag.org/content/8/337/337ra64.
10. Carly Szabo, “Artificial Intelligence Used to Predict Chemotherapy Resistance in Breast Cancer Patients,” Specialty Pharmacy Times, September 24, 2015, https://www.specialtypharmacytimes.com/news/artificial-intelligence-used-to-predict-chemotherapy-resistance-in-breast-cancer-patients.
Chapter 4
1. “Robotic Part Inspection with the FANUC LR Mate 200i Robot,” FANUC, http://www.fanucamerica.com/home/news-resources/case-studies/Inspection-Robot-Performs-Complete-Part-Inspection-Compass-Automation.
2. Raquel Maria Dillon, “Researchers Explore New Use for Drones: Detecting Methane Leaks,” NBC Bay Area News, March 28, 2017, http://www.nbcbayarea.com/news/local/Researchers-Explore-New-Use-for-Drones-Detecting-Methane-Leaks-417383103.html.
3. Xavier Lhuer, “The Next Acronym You Need to Know About: RPA,” Digital McKinsey, December 2016, https://www.mckinsey.com/business-functions/digital-mckinsey/our-insights/the-next-acronym-you-need-to-know-about-rpa.
4. Richard Feloni, “Consumer-Goods Giant Unilever Has Been Hiring Employees Using Brain Games and Artificial Intelligence,” Business Insider, June 28, 2017, http://www.businessinsider.com/unilever-artificial-intelligence-hiring-process-2017-6.
5. Randy Bean and Thomas H. Davenport, “How AI and Machine Learning Are Helping Drive the GE Digital Transformation,” LinkedIn, June 8, 2017, https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/how-ai-machine-learning-helping-drive-ge-digital-tom-davenport.
6. Ellen Messmer, “Coca-Cola Co.’s ‘Black Book’ Application Squeezes the Best Out of OJ,” Network World, May 15, 2014, https://www.networkworld.com/article/2176933/applications/coca-cola-co-s-black-book-application-squeezes-best-out-of-oj.html.
7. David Kirkpatrick, “For Stitch Fix, the AI Future Includes Jobs,” Techonomy, October 2, 2017, http://techonomy.com/2017/10/software-plus-stylists-equal-sales-stitch-fix/.
8. Alex Voica, “How Ocado Uses Machine Learning to Improve Customer Service,” Ocado Technology (blog), October 13, 2016, https://ocadotechnology.com/blog/how-ocado-uses-machine-learning-to-improve-customer-service/.
9. John Huetter, “Top U.S. Insurers Using Tractable in Photo Estimating AI Pilots,” Repairer Driven News, October 9, 2017, http://www.repairerdrivennews.com/2017/10/09/top-u-s-insurers-using-tractable-in-photo-estimating-ai-pilots/.
10. Ted Greenwald, “Chip Makers Are Adding Brains Alongside Cameras Eyes,” Wall Street Journal, October 14, 2017, https://www.wsj.com/articles/chip-makers-are-adding-brains-alongside-cameras-eyes-1507114801.
11. Fred Lambert, “Tesla Expands on its New Car Insurance Programs as Self-Driving Technology Improves,” electrek, February 23, 2017, https://electrek.co/2017/02/23/tesla-insurance-program-self-driving-technology/.
12. Willis Towers Watson, “Willis Towers Watson and Roost to Establish Home Telematics Consortium of U.S. Carriers,” press release, May 31, 2017, https://www.willistowerswatson.com/en/press/2017/05/willis-towers-watson-roost-establish-home-telematics-consortium.
Chapter 5
1. Menno van Doorn, Sander Duivestsein, and Peter Smith, “The Unorganization: Design to Disrupt,” September 5, 2017, http://labs.sogeti.com/downloads.
2. This section is based on Zhang Ruimin, “Leading to Become Obsolete,” MIT Sloan Management Review, June 19, 2017.
3. Jay Galbraith, “The Star Model,” http://www.jaygalbraith.com/images/pdfs/StarModel.pdf.
Chapter 6
1. Kevin Kelly, The Inevitable: Understanding the 12 Technological Forces That Will Shape Our Future (New York: Viking Press, 2016).
2. Yaarit Silverstone, Himanshu Tambe, and Susan M. Cantrell, HR Drives the Agile Organization (New York: Accenture, 2015).
3. Danielle D’Angelo, “Despite Hype, Few Workers Believe Artificial Intelligence Will Threaten Their Jobs,” Genpact press release, November 14, 2017, http://www.genpact.com/about-us/media/press-releases/2017-few-workers-believe-artificial-intelligence-ai-will-threaten-their-jobs.
4. W. F. Cascio, J. W. Boudreau, and A. H. Church, “Maximizing Talent Readiness for an Uncertain Future,” in A Research Agenda for Human Resource Management—HR Strategy, Structure, and Architecture, ed. C. Cooper and P. Sparrow (London: Edward Elgar Publishers, 2017).
5. Alvin Toffler, Future Shock (New York: Random House, 1970).
6. J. W. Boudreau, “HR at the Tipping Point: The Paradoxical Future of Our Profession,” People + Strategy 38, no. 4 (2016): 46–54.
7. World Economic Forum, “The Future of Jobs: Employment, Skills and Workforce Strategy for the Fourth Industrial Revolution,” January 2016, http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_FOJ_Executive_Summary_Jobs.pdf.
8. Reid Hoffman, Ben Casnocha, and Chris Yeh, “Tours of Duty: The New Employer-Employee Contract,” Harvard Business Review, June 2013, 48–58.
9. Oxford Economics, “Global Talent 2021: How the New Geography of Talent Will Transform Human Resource Strategies,” 2012, https://www.oxfordeconomics.com/Media/Default/Thought%20Leadership/global-talent-2021.pdf.
10. “Kellogg CEO Says Closing Oldest Battle Creek Plant Key to Firms’ Survival,” Lubbock Avalanche Journal, September 5, 1999, http://lubbockonline.com/stories/090599/bus_090599120.shtml#.WmOt3ainHqh.
11. John Boudreau, “Leaders, You Can’t Achieve Agility in the Workplace Without Transparency,” ReWork, October 25, 2017, https://www.cornerstoneondemand.com/rework/leaders-you-cant-achieve-agility-workplace-without-transparency.
Chapter 7
1. Michael Grothaus, “Bet You Didn’t See This Coming: 10 Jobs That Will Be Replaced by Robots,” Fast Company, January 19, 2017, https://www.fastcompany.com/3067279/you-didnt-see-this-coming-10-jobs-that-will-be-replaced-by-robots.
2. James T. Austin, Gail O. Mellow, Mitch Rosin, and Marlene Seltzer, “Portable, Stackable Credentials: A New Education Model for Industry-Specific Career Pathways,” McGraw-Hill Research Foundation, November 28, 2012, https://www.jff.org/resources/portable-stackable-credentials-new-education-model-industry-specific-career-pathways/.
3. Aditya Chadrabortty, “A Basic Income for Everyone? Yes, Finland Shows It Really Can Work,” The Guardian, October 31, 2017, https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2017/oct/31/finland-universal-basic-income.
4. SkillsFuture Mid-Career Enhanced Subsidy, http://www.skillsfuture.sg/enhancedsubsidy#howdoesitwork.
5. Emily Price, “Bill Gates’ Plan to Tax Robots Could Become a Reality in San Francisco,” Fortune, September 5, 2017, http://fortune.com/2017/09/05/san-francisco-robot-tax/.
6. “Artificial Intelligence Will Create New Kinds of Work,” The Economist, August 26, 2017, https://www.economist.com/news/business/21727093-humans-will-supply-digital-services-complement-ai-artificial-intelligence-will-create-new.
7. Chico Harlan, “Rise of the Machines: At a Wisconsin Factory, Workers Warily Welcome Robots,” Chicago Tribune, August 5, 2017.
8. Ibid.
9. Ted Greenwald, “Chip Makers Are Adding ‘Brains’ Alongside Cameras’ Eyes,” Wall Street Journal, October 4, 2017, https://www.wsj.com/articles/chip-makers-are-adding-brains-alongside-cameras-eyes-1507114801.
10. Danielle Muoio, “Uber Built a Fake City in Pittsburgh with Roaming Mannequins to Test its Self-Driving Cars,” Business Insider, October 18, 2017, https://amp-businessinsider-com.cdn.ampproject.org/c/s/amp.businessinsider.com/ubers-fake-city-pittsburgh-self-driving-cars-2017-10.
11. Satinder Singh, “Learning to Play Go from Scratch,” Nature News & Views, October 19, 2017, https://www.nature.com/articles/550336a.
12. Vivian Giang, “Robots Might Take Your Job, But Here’s Why You Shouldn’t Worry,” Fast Company, July 28, 2015, https://www.fastcompany.com/3049079/robots-might-take-your-job-but-heres-why-you-shouldnt-worry.
13. Peggy Hollinger, “Meet the Cobots: Humans and Robots Together on the Factory Floor,” Financial Times, May 4, 2016, https://www.ft.com/content/6d5d609e-02e2-11e6-af1d-c47326021344?mhq5j=e7.
14. Ibid.
15. Andrew Nusca, “Humans vs. Robots: How to Thrive in an Automated Workplace,” Fortune, June 30, 2017, http://fortune.com/2017/06/30/humans-robots-job-automation-workplace/.
16. Ibid.