Index
Note: Page numbers in italics indicate figures, those with t indicate tables, and those with n indicate footnotes.
Symbols
/ (slash)
root URL, 60
Unix directory separator, 8
== (equal signs)
assignment operator, 423-424, 438-439
equality operator, 164
(backslash)
as escape character, 155
as literal character, 155
" " (double quotes)
defining strings, 155
exchanging for single quotes, 155
mixing with single quotes, 136
: (colon), as a hashkey, 171-172
!! (exclamation points), coercing Boolean values, 158, 295
!= (exclamation point, equal sign), not equal operator, 164
' (single quotes), mixing with double quotes, 136
[ ] (square brackets), accessing elements, 164
@ (at sign), instance variables, 72, 224
/* ... */ (slash, asterisk), CSS comments, 205
&& (ampersands), and operator, 157, 376-377
+ (plus operator), concatenating strings, 153
<<(less-than signs), adding to arrays, 165
||= (vertical bars, equal sign), or equals
! (exclamation point)
bang methods, 165
not operator, 157
? (question mark)
boolean indicator, 156
in query parameters, 528
( ) (parentheses)
in statement syntax, 424n
and the ternary operator, 437n14
{ } (curly braces)
block indicator, 167
hash indicator, 171
# (hash symbol)
styling CSS IDs, 726
styling CSS IDs (Listing 5.9), 208
URL stub, 198
# (pound sign). See # (hash symbol).
=> (equal, greater than), hashrocket, 171
||(vertical bars)
block variable indicator, 167
or operator, 157
command line prompt, 8
dollar-sign syntax, 726
Sass variables, 224
A
-a flag, 43
About page
mockup, 235
sample page, 118
testing, 114
Abstraction layers, 252n
Acceptance tests, 463
Account activation
edit action (Listings 11.31 to 11.32), 545-549
generalized authenticated? method (Listings 11.26 to 1.29), 543-545
metaprogramming, 541
preventing unactivated users from logging in (Listing 11.32), 545-549
versus remembering, login, and password reset, 516t
sign-up page with warning message, 548
successfully activated profile page, 547
Account activation mailer method
account activation HTML view (Listing 11.14), 529
account activation text view (Listing 11.11), 529
Action Mailer library, 525
adding account activation to user sign-up (Listing 11.23), 536-537
assert_match method (Listings 11.19 to 11.20), 534-535
commenting out failing tests (Listing 11.24), 537
creating an activation email (Listings 11.6 to 11.14), 525-529
email, sent in production, 558
email previews (Listings 11.16 to 11.18), 530-533
escaping out special characters, 528
generating a mailer (Listings 11.6 to 11.14), 525-529
Home page with activation message, 538
mailing the account activation link (Listing 11.12), 527
query parameters, 528
sample activation email (Listing 11.25), 538-540
setting the test domain host (Listing 11.21), 535
User mailer test (Listings 11.19 to 11.21), 533-536
User mailer test, screen mockups, 532-533
Account activation resource
activating fixture users (Listing 11.5), 523-524
activating seed users (Listing 11.4), 523
activation tokens, 516, 520-522
adding a resource (Listing 11.1), 518
method reference technique, 521
migration for account activation (Listing 11.2), 519-520
User model with account activation attributes, 520
Account activation test
activation via user model object (Listing 11.37), 552-553
integration test (Listings 11.33 to 11.37), 549-553
overview, 549
sending email via user model object (Listing 11.36), 552
user activation methods in the User model (Listing 11.35), 551-552
user sign-up test (Listing 11.33), 550-551
Action Mailer library, 525
Actions, corresponding views (Listings 3.9, 3.10), 107
Activation tokens, 516, 520-522
Active Record. See also SQL (Structured Query Language); Validating user data.
definition, 248
initializing objects, 257
making and saving a model, 257-259
uniqueness, at the database level (Listings 6.29 to 6.34), 281-286
uniqueness, validating (Listings 6.24 to 6.34), 278-286
validating users, 263-264. See also Validating user data.
validity, 257
Active Record::RecordNotFound exception, 260
Active relationships, 685, 685
add_column method (Listing 6.35), 288
add_index method, 282
Adler, Yoel, 480n
admin attribute (Listings 10.54 to 10.56), 502-505
admin? boolean method (Listings 10.54 to 10.55), 502-503
Administrative users
admin attribute (Listings 10.54 to 10.56), 502-505
admin? boolean method (Listings 10.54 to 10.55), 502-503
deleting (Listings 10.54 to 10.55), 502-503, 501
identifying (Listings 10.54 to 10.55), 502-503
Ajax (Listings 14.34 to 14.39), 723-727
Ampersands (&&), and operator, 157, 376-377
Anonymous functions, 614
any? method, 338
app/assets directory, 218
ApplicationController class (Listing 2.22), 85-87, 86, 87
application.html.erb file, 128-129
application.html.erb file (Listings 4.3, 5.1), 148, 195-196
Applications
getting started. See Hello world program.
interacting with. See Console.
renaming, 50
samples. See Hello world program; Static pages; Toy application.
Architectural Styles and the Design of Network-based Software Architecture (Fielding), 70n
Arrays. See also Ranges.
! (exclamation point), bang methods, 165
!= (exclamation point, equal sign), not equal operator, 164
[ ] (square brackets), accessing elements, 164
== (equal signs), equality operator, 164
adding to, 165
associative, 170
bang methods, 165
classes, 177
converting ranges to, 166
converting strings to, 163
converting to strings, 165
indexing, 163
mutating, 165
pulling out elements, 166
selecting every element, 166
of strings, 272
zero-offset, 163
assert method (Listings 6.4 to 6.5), 265
assert_match method (Listings 11.19 to 11.20), 534-535
assert_select method
examples of (Listing 5.33), 238t
sign-up failure, 342
testing for HTML tags (Listing 3.24), 120
Asset directories, 218
Asset pipeline
asset directories, 218
definition, 218
manifest files (Listing 5.19), 218-219
production efficiency, 220
Associations between Micropost models (Listings 13.10 to 13.12), 608-611, 609t
Associative arrays. See Hashes.
At sign (@), instance variables, 72, 224
attr_accessible method, 333
attr.accessor method (Listing 4.17), 250
Attribute accessors, creating, 188
authenticate method
authenticating passwords, 293-296
authenticating users (Listing 8.7), 376
examples (Listing 8.7), 377t
authenticated? method (Listings 11.26 to 1.29), 543-545
Authenticating users (Listing 8.7), 376, 377t
Authentication
versus authorization, 467
Authentication systems, rolling your own, 247-248
Authenticity token, sign-up forms, 328
Authorization, friendly forwarding
create action (Listing 10.32), 482
implementation code (Listing 10.30), 480
logged_in_user before filter (Listing 10.31), 480-481
redirect_back_or method (Listing 10.32), 481-482
testing for (Listings 10.29 to 10.32), 478-483
Authorization, requiring logged-in users
adding a logged_in_user method (Listings 10.15), 468-469
before_action command (Listing 10.15), 467-469
before filters (Listing 10.15), 467-469
logged_in_user before filter (Listings 10.15), 468-469
logging in a test user (Listing 10.15), 468-471
login form mockup, a protected page, 468
login form mockup, access failure, 468
testing edits (Listings 10.20 to 10.21), 471-473
Authorization, requiring the right user
adding a user to the fixture file (Listings 10.23 to 10.28), 473-478
correct_user before filter (Listings 10.27 to 10.28), 476-478
current_user? method (Listings 10.27 to 10.28), 476-478
testing a correct user (Listings 10.27 to 10.28), 476-478
testing the wrong user (Listing 10.24), 474
Authorization versus authentication, 467
Automated testing
getting started, 112
Avatar, definition, 314n
B
Backing up code, 37
Backslash ()
as escape character, 155
as literal character, 155
Bang bang (!!), coercing Boolean values, 158, 295
Bang methods, 165
bar, word origin, 153n
Base titles, 147
Bash command-line interface, 14
bcrypt hash function (Listing 6.36), 288-289, 294n22
Before filters (Listing 10.15), 467-473
before_action command (Listing 10.15), 467-473
before_filter command, 467n
belongs_to associations (Listings 11.9, 13.10, 14.3), 608-611, 689
Bitbucket (Listing 1.12)
pushing changes up to, 39
Blank? method, 184
Bloc, 6
Block variables, definition, 167
Blocks
as closures, 168n
definition, 167
map method, 168
multiline, 168
Books and publications. See also Online resources.
Architectural Styles and the Design of Network-based Software Architecture (Fielding), 70n
“Class and Instance Variables in Ruby,” 182n
Learn Enough Command Line to be Dangerous, 1
Learn Enough Git to be Dangerous, 32
Learn Enough Text Editor to be Dangerous, 41n
Patterns of Enterprise Application Architecture (Fowler), 248n1
Pro Git, 40n
“The Rails 3 Asset Pipeline in (about) 5 minutes” (Erasmus), 217n
“Rails Routing from the Outside In,” 701n
Ruby on Rails Tutorial website, 2n
Boolean values
combining, 157
in control flow, 156
identifying, 156
Bootstrap, drop-down menus (Listing 8.20), 393-394
Bootstrap and custom CSS. See also Site layout.
adding CSS (Listings 5.6 to 5.9), 205-210
adding the bootstrap.sass gem (Listing 5.5), 204
color (Listing 5.9), 210
Home page mockup, 206, 208, 211
installing Bootstrap, 204
site logo (Listing 5.9), 210
typography (Listing 5.8), 208, 208-210
bootstrap.sass gem (Listing 5.5), 204
bootstrap-will_paginate method (Listings 10.44 to 10.46), 492-494
Branches. See also Git, branching.
current branch, identifying, 42
definition, 41
deleting, 44
editing, 43
listing, 42
pushing changes up to the Bitbucket, 39
status, displaying, 43
Built-in classes
Built-in functions, 146
bundle exec, 60
Buttons, web page
follow buttons (Listing 14.40), 727-729
linking to (Listing 5.45), 242-244
unfollow buttons, 681-682, 709
unfollow buttons (Listing 14.40), 727-729
byebug gem (Listing 3.2), 312
C
Callbacks, databases, 283
CamelCase, 101
CarrierWave uploader
adding to the Gemfile (Listing 13.58), 657-659
configuring for production (Listings 13.69 to 13.71), 671-674
data model for microposts, 659
MiniMagick interface (Listing 13.67), 669-670
uploading images (Listings 13.59 to 13.62), 659-663
uploading images in production (Listings 13.69 to 13.71), 671-674
validating images (Listings 13.64 to 13.66), 664-667
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS). See CSS (Cascading Style Sheets).
Case sensitivity
downcasing email addresses (Listing 6.32), 283
email addresses (Listings 6.26 to 6.27), 279-280
indices (Listings 6.32 to 6.34), 283-286
SQL, 614n
cat command (Listing 1.11), 37-38
cd (change directory) command, 14-15t
Célio, Paulo Júnior, 428n
Change directory (cd) command, 14
change method (Listing 6.2), 252
Changes, overwriting, 36
checkout (co) command, 36
Clark, Mike, 7
Clark, Nicole, 7
“Class and Instance Variables in Ruby,” 182n
Class methods, 179
Class names, converting to IDs, 688n
Classes. See also CSS classes.
arrays, 178
attribute accessors, creating, 188
built-in, adding methods to, 417-418
checking for palindromes, 180-183
class methods, 179
defining (Listing 4.15), 181-183
definition, 106
description, 177
getter methods, creating, 188
hashes, 178
hierarchy, determining, 179-180
instance method, 179
instance variables, creating, 188
instances of, 179
literal constructors, 178
named constructors, 178
new method, 178
setter methods, creating, 188
Static Pages controller, 185-187
User class (Listing 4.17), 187-190
Client computer, definition, 104
Closures, 168n
Cloud integrated development environment. See Cloud9.
Cloud storage
S3 (Simple Storage Service), 672-674
Cloud9. See also Installing Rails on Cloud9; Local development environment.
creating a new workspace, 11, 12
Find in Files global search, 10
local servers, sharing, 26
Rails Tutorial Cloud9 workspace, 10
setting code indentation, 12, 12
signing up, 11
co (checkout) command, 36
Code generation, undoing, 102-103
Code School, 6
coffee file extension, 219-220
Collisions, checking for, 412n6
Colon (:), as a hashkey, 171-172
Color (Listing 5.9), 210
Columns, in databases, 250
Commands. See also specific commands
Commenting out failing tests (Listing 11.24), 537
Comments
/* ... */ (slash, asterisk), CSS comments, 205
# (hash symbol), comment indicator, 21
# (pound sign), comment indicator, 152
in the console, 152
Commit messages, displaying, 35
Concerns technique, 382n
config directory, listing contents of, 103
Confirmation of passwords, 293-296
Confirmation of passwords (Listings 6.37 to 6.40), 289-291
Console
˜irb configuration (Listing 4.8), 151
comments, 152
definition, 150
exiting, 151
message chaining, 157
in Micropost resource, 82
prompts, 82n
toy application, 82
console command, 82
Contact page
adding actions (Listing 5.24), 229-230
adding routes (Listing 5.23), 229
integration test for layout links (Listing 5.32), 236-238
named routes (Listings 5.27 to 5.28), 230-231
root routes (Listing 5.23), 228-230
testing (Listing 5.21), 228-230
view for (Listing 5.25), 230
content_for function, 126n14
Controller class. See Static Pages controller.
Controller tests. See Testing, Static Pages controller.
Controllers, generating (Listing 3.6), 100-107. See also Sessions controller; Static Pages controller.
Converting
arrays to strings, 165
ranges to arrays, 166
strings from objects, 157
strings to arrays, 163
Cookies
decrypting, 419
encrypting, 418
inspecting, 425n
remembering user login, 410
signed, 418
stealing, 410
cookies method, 366
cookies.permanent method, 417-425
Coordinated Universal Time (UTC), 258n7
correct_user before filter (Listings 10.27 to 10.28), 476-478
count method
showing microposts, 620
sign-up failure, 341
Counter cache, showing microposts, 620
cp (copy files) command, 14-15t
create action
creating microposts (Listing 13.36), 635-636
friendly forwarding (Listing 10.32), 482
password reset (Listings 12.5 to 12.6), 571-573
sign-up failure (listing 7.18), 329-332
sign-up success (Listing 7.28), 346-349
strong parameters (Listing 7.19), 334
view template (Listing 7.28), 346-348, 347
create command, 48
Create directory (mkdir) command, 14
create method, creating users, 259, 293-296
create_table method (Listing 6.2), 252
Creating
an activation email (Listings 11.6 to 11.14), 525-529
attribute accessors, 188
database indices, 281
fixtures (Listings 8.21 to 8.22), 397-398
following relationships (Listings 14.38), 727
getter methods, 188
Help pages, 100
instance variables, 188
microposts. See Microposts, creating.
persistent sessions, 410
remember me checkbox (Listings 9.21 to 9.23), 433-438
sample users (Listings 10.42 to 10.43), 489-491, 490-491, 491
Creating (continued)
setter methods, 188
Static Pages controller class (Listing 3.20), 185-187
temporary sessions (Listing 8.13), 382-383
users, 62-66, 62-63, 259, 293-296
Creating, microposts
adding to the Home page (Listing 13.37), 636-637
create action (Listing 13.36), 635-636
creating (Listings 13.36 to 13.45), 635-642
form for creating microposts (Listing 13.37), 635
redefining error messages (Listings 13.41 to 13.45), 639-642
user info sidebar (Listing 13.38), 637
CSRF (cross-site request forgery), 328
CSS (Cascading Style Sheets). See also Site layout.
{ } (curly braces), hash indicator, 176
including style sheets (Listing 4.1), 175-177
rules, bundling and reusing. See Sass mixins (Listing 7.2).
Sass mixins (Listing 7.2), 304-306
stylesheet_link_tag function, 146, 177
styling error messages with (Listing 7.22), 339-340
tool for. See Sass utility.
.css file extension, 205
Ctrl-C keystroke
case sensitivity, 24
restarting the console, 151
shutting down a server, 24
Ctrl-D keystroke
case sensitivity, 82
exiting Guard, 143
exiting the console, 82
Curly braces ({})
block indicator, 168
Current user, finding (Listings 8.16 to 8.17), 389-390
current_user, updating (Listing 9.9), 424-425
current_user method (Listings 8.16 to 8.17), 389-390
current_user? method (Listings 10.27 to 10.28), 476-478
Custom environments, 302n
D
-d flag, 44
-D flag, 44
Data models
associations (Listings 2.14, 2.15), 81-82, 82
toy application, 57-59, 57-59, 72
Data structures. See also CSS (Cascading Style Sheets).
Data validation, toy application, 74. See also Validating user data.
Database indices, creating, 281
Database migration. See also Rake db:migrate command.
definition, 251
dropping tables, 254
migrating down, 254
migrating the User model (Listing 6.2), 251-254
migrating up, 252
migration file name, 252
reversing. See Undoing, database migration.
rolling back. See Undoing, database migration.
timestamp, 252
undoing, 102-103, 254, 256, 294n21
Databases. See also User model.
callbacks, 283
case sensitive indices (Listings 6.32 to 6.34), 283-286
columns, 250
full-table scan, 281
interacting with. See Active Record; SQL (Structured Query Language).
method reference convention, 283
resetting, 294n21. See also Undoing, database migration.
reversing changes. See Undoing, database migration.
rolling back changes. See Undoing, database migration.
rows, 250
tables, 250
Date and time, User objects, 258
db/development.sqlite3 file, 253
db:rollback command, 254
db/seeds.rb file (Listing 10.43), 490
de Ron, Niels, 428n
Debug, and Rails environments (Listing 7.1), 301-306
Debug box, sample code (Listing 7.21), 304
Debug information, sign-up failure (Listing 7.18), 330-333
debug method (Listing 7.1), 302
debugger
byebug gem (Listing 3.2), 312
with Users controller (Listing 7.6), 312
Default scope for Micropost models (Listings 13.14 to 13.17), 612-615
default_scope method (Listing 13.17), 614
DELETE requests from web browsers, 392n
Deleting. See also destroy action; Destroying.
branches, 44
files and directories, 36
recursively, 36
Deleting, users
administrative users (Listings 10.54 to 10.55), 502-503, 501
destroy action (Listings 10.57 to 10.59), 505-508
overview, 500
strong parameters (Listing 10.56), 504-505
testing destroyed users (Listings 10.60 to 10.62), 508-511
users index with delete links, mockup, 501
dependent: :destroy method (Listings 13.19 to 13.20), 615-616
Deployment
tools for. See Heroku.
Deployment, professional grade
overview, 358
SSL certificates, 359
SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) in production (Listing 7.36), 358-359
destroy action
deleting sessions (Listings 8.29 to 8.32), 403-405
deleting users (Listings 10.57 to 10.59), 505-508
destroying microposts, 650-652
destroy command, 102
Destroying. See also DELETE method; Deleting.
following relationships (Listing 14.39), 727
Micropost model users (Listings 13.19 to 13.20), 615-616
sessions (Listings 8.29 to 8.32), 403-405
things on a remote server, 105
User objects, 259
users, toy application, 63-66, 65
Development environment
cloud. See Cloud9.
setting up. See Cloud9.
Development environments, 302n
development.sqlite3 file, 253
Dictionary attacks, protection from, 294n22
Directories
contents, listing, 36
deleting, 36
updating the modification timestamp, 116-117
Displaying. See also Listing; Showing.
branch status, 43
commit messages, 35
email addresses, 310
.gitignore file, 142
IP binding address, 23
port number, 23
sign-up error messages (Listings 7.20 to 7.22), 336-340
user names, 310
Displaying user data
custom environments, 302n
debug, and Rails environments (Listing 7.1), 301-306
development environments, 303
lorem ipsum text, 301, 622n–623n
production environments, 303
show page, mockups, 311
test environments, 303
user email addresses, 310
user names, 310
user profile page, mockup, 300
Users controller with a show action (Listing 7.5), 310
Doctype declarations (Listing 3.23), 120
Document type (Listing 3.23), 119
Dollar sign ($)
command line prompt, 8
dollar-sign syntax, 726
Sass variables, 224
Double quotes (" ")
defining strings, 155
exchanging for single quotes, 155
mixing with single quotes, 136
Downcasing email addresses (Listing 6.32), 283
Drop-down menus, mockup, 395
drop_table command, 254
DRY (Don’t Repeat Yourself) principle, 125
Duplication, eliminating. See Refactoring code.
Dynamic content, page titles
base titles, 147
on every page. See Base titles.
full_title helper function (Listings 4.2, 4.3, 4.11), 147-48, 162
HTML structure of a typical web page (Listing 3.23), 119
layout files (Listing 3.35), 128-129
list of sample pages, 119t
missing page titles, 147
templates for. See Embedded Ruby.
yield function, 126
E
edit action
account activation (Listings 11.31 to 11.32), 545-549
password reset (Listings 12.14 to 12.15), 581-583
updating users (Listings 10.1 to 10.4), 452-457
Edit form, updating users (Listing 10.3), 454
Edit form mockups
initial edit page, 455
unsuccessful edits, 461
updating users, 455
user edit page, 452
Edit view (Listing 10.2), 454
Editing
branches, 42
Git branches, 43
user information, toy application, 62, 62, 63-64
elseif statement, 157
Email. See also Account activation mailer method; Password reset mailer method.
account activation, sample (Listing 11.25), 538-540
email via user model object (Listing 11.36), 552
fixtures (Listing 6.30), 282
generating an account activation mailer (Listings 11.6 to 11.14), 525-529
mailing the account activation link (Listing 11.12), 527
User mailer test (Listings 11.19 to 11.22), 533-536
User mailer test, screen mockups, 532-533
Email, sending in production
configuring SendGrid (Listing 11.41, 12.23), 556-557, 595-597
Email addresses
displaying, 310
user names as, 250n
validating user data (Listings 6.18 to 6.23), 272-277
Email addresses, validating
case sensitivity (Listings 6.26 to 6.27), 279-280
downcasing (Listing 6.32), 283
format (Listings 6.18 to 6.21), 272-277
with regular expressions (Listing 6.21), 274-277, 275t
uniqueness (Listings 6.23 to 6.34), 278-286
uniqueness at the database level (Listings 6.29 to 6.34), 281-286
Email previews (Listings 11.16 to 11.18), 530-533
Embedded Ruby (Listings 3.31 to 3.40), 126-132
Encrypting cookies, 418
Encryption versus hashing, 287n19
Environments, in the console, 151. See also Development environment; Production environment; Test environment.
Equal, greater than (=>), hashrocket, 171
Equal signs (==)
assignment operator, 423-424, 438-439
equality operator, 164
Erasmus, Michael, 217n
ERb. See Embedded Ruby.
Error messages
failed micropost creation, 80, 80, 80
Googling, 5
invalid multibyte character, 30n
Rails Tutorial help, 9
redefining, microposts (Listings 13.41 to 13.45), 639-642
Spring process ID (pid) file will be overwritten, 135n
toy application, 80
You have not declared a Ruby version, 361
error_explanation (Listing 7.22), 339-340
_error_messages.html.erb partial file (Listing 7.21), 337-338
Escaping out special characters, 528
Exceptions
definition, 260
raising (Listing 9.29), 445-446
removing (Listing 9.33), 448
Exclamation point (!)
bang methods, 165
not operator, 157
Exclamation point, equal sign (!=), not equal operator, 164
Exclamation points (!!), coercing Boolean values, 158, 295
Expiration of cookies, setting, 417-425
Expressions, short-circuit evaluation, 388. See also Regular expressions.
F
f flag, 36
Failed password reset, 589
Faker gem
adding to the Gemfile (Listing 10.42), 489-490
lorem ipsum text, 301, 622n–623n
Feed. See Microposts, proto-feed.
@feed_items instance variable (Listings 13.47 to 13.50), 645-649
Fielding, Roy, 70
field_with_errors class (Listing 7.22), 339-340
File compression, uglifier gem, 21
File navigator, advanced testing, 140-141
Files
creating with touch command, 116-117
deleting, 36
GIT staging area, 33
updating the modification timestamp, 116-117
Find in Files global search, 10
find method (Listing 7.5), 386-389
find_by method, finding users (Listings 8.7, 8.16), 376, 386-389
Finding
users (Listings 8.16 to 8.17), 389-390
Fioravanti, Paul, 685n
Firehose Project, 7
First application. See Hello world program.
first_user variable, 82
Fixtures
adding a digest method (Listings 8.21 to 8.22), 397-398
creating (Listings 8.21 to 8.22), 397-398
definition, 396
Flash, in sessions
code for failed login (Listings 8.9 to 8.12), 379-382
flash test (Listings 8.9 to 8.12), 379-382
flash.now method (Listing 8.11), 381
rendering with a flash message (Listing 8.8), 377-379, 377t
Flash messages (Listings 7.29 to 7.31), 349-351
flash.now method (Listing 8.11), 381
Follow buttons
testing (Listing 14.40), 727-729
Followed users (Listings 14.8 to 14.10), 692-695
Followers
Relationship model (Listings 14.12 to 14.13), 695-697
testing for (Listing 14.13), 697
Followers page, following user mockups, 712, 716
followers.include? method (Listing 14.13), 697
Following an unfollowed user, 722
Following associations (Listings 14.8 to 14.10), 692-695
Following page
following user mockups, 711
users following mockups, 715
Following relationships
creating (Listing 14.38), 727
destroying (Listing 14.39), 727
testing (Listing 14.40), 727-729
Following users, definition, 681-682
Following users, Relationship model
active relationships, 685, 685
adding indices (Listing 14.1), 686-687
association methods, summary of, 690t
belongs_to associations (Listings 11.9, 13.10, 14.3), 689
data model, 686
enforcing uniqueness, 687
followed users (Listings 14.8 to 14.10), 692-695
followers (Listings 14.12 to 14.13), 695-697
followers.include? method (Listing 14.13), 697
following association (Listings 14.8 to 14.10), 692-695
foreign keys, 688
has_many associations (Listing 14.2), 687-689
has_many :through association (Listings 14.8 to 14.10), 692-695
multiple-key indices, 687
passive relationships, 685
passive relationships (Listings 14.12 to 14.13), 695-697
passive relationships, model for, 696
Twitter-style relationships, 682
user.followers method (Listings 14.12 to 14.13), 695-697
user.following method (Listings 14.8 to 14.10), 692-695
validations (Listings 14.4 to 14.5), 690-691
Following users, status feed
initial status feed (Listing 14.44), 732-735
join method, 734
map method, 733
motivation and strategy (Listing 14.42), 731-732
sample, 730
subselects (Listings 14.45 to 14.47), 736-740
Following users, web interface
access control for relationships (Listings 14.31 to 14.33), 720-721
displaying statistics, 701, 704
displaying statistics (Listings 14.15 to 14.23), 700-710
follow buttons, creating (Listings 14.31 to 14.33), 720-721
followers action (Listing 14.25), 712-713
following action (Listing 14.25), 712-713
following/followers pages (Listings 14.24 to 14.29), 710-718
follow/unfollow forms (Listings 14.15 to 14.23), 700-710
Relationships controller (Listing 14.32), 720
resources block, 699
routes for user relationships (Listing 14.20), 706-707
sample following data (Listing 14.14), 698-699
show_follow view (Listing 14.26), 713-714
testing authorizations (Listing 14.24), 710-711
Following-user mockups
following an unfollowed user, 722
status feed on the live web, 740
unfollowed user, 722
users following page, 711, 715
Following-user mockups, Home page
with follow statistics, 704
incremented followers count, 684
Following-user mockups, user profiles
basic page, 680
finding a user to follow, 681
incremented followers count, 681-682
foo, word origin, 153n
foobar, word origin, 153n
.footer classes (Listing 5.15), 214n
footer tag (Listing 5.15), 214n
Footers
Home page mockup, 215
partials for (Listings 5.15 to 5.17), 214-216
site layout (Listings 5.15 to 5.17), 214-216
Foreign key reference, 603n
Foreign keys, 688
forget method (Listing 9.11), 426-427
forgot password form. See also Password reset.
basic, 563
invalid email address, 573
modified, 570
valid email address, 579
forgot password link, 562
form tag, sign-up forms, 328
form_tag helper, 371n
Fowler, Martin, 248n1
FUBAR, word origin, 153n
Full-table database scan, 281
full_title helper function (Listings 4.2, 4.3, 4.11), 147-48, 162
Functions. See also Methods.
anonymous, 614
built-in, 146
definition, 106
implicit return, 160
versus methods, 156n
nameless. See Anonymous functions.
Functions, helpers. See also specific helpers
definition, 147
specific to a particular controller, 147n
G
gem command
specifying a version range (Listings 1.1 to 1.5), 12-13
Gemfile
static pages (Listing 3.2), 94-95
generate command (Listing 3.6), 100
generate model command, 251
Generating code. See Scaffolding.
Getter methods, creating, 188
Getting started. See also Books and publications; Online resources.
exercises, 7
first application. See Hello world program.
Git
adding the public key, 37-39, 38
Bitbucket (Listing 1.12), 36-40, 39
cat command (Listing 1.11), 37-38
checkout command, 36
deleting files and directories, 36
f flag, 36
GitHub, 37
listing directory contents, 36
ls command, 36
overwriting current changes, 36
preventing conflicts Spring server, 139
q command, 35
quitting, 35
README file. See README.md file (Listing 1.13).
-rf flag, 36
Git, branching
branch status, displaying, 43
current branch, identifying, 42
deleting branches, 44
editing branches, 42
listing branches, 42
pushing changes up to the Bitbucket, 39
Git, installation and setup
adding messages to the commit, 35
commit messages, displaying, 35
.gitignore file, 34
log command, 35
-m flag, 35
staging area for files, 33
status command, 34
Git, repositories
backing up, 37
copies of. See Git, branching.
pushing changes up to, 39
staging areas, 33
GitHub, 37
.gitignore file
adding Spring server (Listing 3.43), 140-141
displaying, 142
generating, 34
GitLab, 37
Googling error messages, 5
Goto Anything command, 93n
.gravatar_edit class (Listing 7.11), 317n
gravatar_for helper function (Listing 7.9), 315
Gravatars (globally recognized avatars) (Listings 7.8 to 7.9), 314-318
GREEN flag, 9
GREEN (passing) tests (Listings 3.17 to 3.22), 114-117
H
Haml template system, 126n13
Hansson, David Heinemeier, 3, 110n
Hash symbol (#)
comment indicator, 21
styling CSS IDs, 725
styling CSS IDs (Listing 5.9), 208
URL stub, 198
Hashed passwords (Listings 6.35 to 6.36), 286-289
Hashes
: (colon), as a hashkey, 171-172
{ } (curly braces), hash indicator, 171, 176
=> (equal, greater than), hashrocket, 171
classes, 178
computational cost, 396
definition, 286
each method, 174
indices, 171
keys, 171
as last argument, 176
nested, 174
p function, 175
printing, 175
Hashing
versus encryption, 287n19
MD5 hashing algorithm, 314-315
options hash, 267
has_many associations
Relationship model (Listing 14.3), 689
has_many relationships (Listing 13.11), 608-611, 609
has_many :through association (Listings 14.8 to 14.10), 692-695
has_secure_password method, 286-289, 294
Headers
Hello world program
controller action (Listing 1.8), 28-31
creating a skeleton, 14
default page, 27
making a workspace directory (Listing 1.2), 14-18
MVC (Model-View-Controller) architecture, 26-27, 28
root route (Listings 1.9 to 1.10), 29-30
viewing in a browser, 31
Help, Rails Tutorial, 9
help action (Listings 3.6, 3.7, 3.10), 100, 104, 107
Help for Rules Tutorial, 7n
Help page
custom HTML (Listing 3.12), 108
Help pages
cleaned up views (Listings 3.36 to 3.38), 130-131
custom, sample, 109
custom HTML (Listing 3.11), 108
generated view (Listing 3.10), 107
with HTML structure removed (Listings 3.37 to 3.38), 130-131
refactored views (Listings 3.36 to 3.38), 130-131
Helpers. See specific helpers
Heroku
creating and configuring an account (Listing 1.15), 48
deployment to, 361
heroku command, 48
heroku create command, 48
heroku open command, 49
PostgreSQL database, 46
renaming applications, 50
setup (Listings 1.14 to 1.15), 46-48
SSH key, adding, 48
heroku command, 48
heroku create command, 48
heroku open command, 49
Heroku Toolbelt, 48
hexdigest method, 314
Hidden fields, password reset (Listing 12.14), 581
Hierarchy, examining Static Pages controller, 185-187, 186
Hierarchy of classes, determining, 179-180
Highlighted lines in code samples, 9
home action, creating Home pages (Listings 3.6, 3.7), 100-104
Home page mockups
Bootstrap and custom CSS, 202-210, 206, 208, 211
CSS styling, 206
custom page, 109
with debug information, 306
footer, 215
form error, 643
form for creating microposts, 635, 642
site logo (Listing 5.9), 209, 210
site navigation, 201
spacing, 206
typography, 208
without custom CSS, 200-202, 201
Home page mockups, following users
with follow statistics, 704
incremented followers count, 684
Home pages. See also Site layout.
with account activation message, 538
adding microposts (Listing 13.37), 636-637
boot route, setting, 133
boot route, setting (Listing 3.41), 132-133
creating (Listings 3.6, 3.7), 100-104
custom HTML (Listing 3.11), 108
embedded Ruby title (Listings 3.31 to 3.40), 125-132
full HTML structure (Listings 3.26 to 3.30), 121-125
generated view (Listing 3.9), 107
link to the sign-up page (Listing 5.2), 196n
raw view, 105
with a title, 122
Home pages, follower statistics
adding (Listing 14.17), 703-704
styling (Listing 14.18), 704-705
HTML
doctype declarations (Listing 3.23), 120
document type (Listing 3.23), 120
li: (list item) tag, 198
lists, 198
placing markup in a separate file. See Partials.
section tag, 198
selectors, 120
self-closing tags, 201n
structure of a typical web page (Listing 3.23), 120
testing for specific tags, 120
ul: (unordered list) tag, 198-199
whitespace sensitivity, 120, 198
HTML shims (Listings 5.12 to 5.13), 196, 212-213
html.erb file extension, 126
HTTP (Hypertext Transfer Protocol) remembering a user’s identity. See Sessions. stateless protocol, 366
HTTP request methods, 104-105. See also specific methods
I
IDE (integrated development environment). See Cloud9.
IDs, CSS, 198
if-else statement, 390
if-then statements, writing. See Ternary operator.
Images
for microposts. See CarrierWave uploader; Microposts, images.
representing users. See Gravatars.
setting alternative display of, 201-202
image_tag helper function
rendering images (Listing 13.62), 661-663
setting alternate images (Listing 5.2), 196n
Implicit return, functions, 160
Indentation, setting in Cloud9, 12, 12
index action
showing all users (Listings 10.34 to 10.40), 483-488
toy application (Listing 2.6), 68-69
index action redirect (Listing 10.34), 484-485
Index page, showing all users
adding the URL to the users link (Listing 10.40), 487
bootstrap-will_paginate method (Listings 10.44 to 10.46), 492-494
CSS for users index (Listing 10.39), 487
index action (Listings 10.34 to 10.40), 483-488
index action redirect (Listing 10.34), 484-485
index view (Listings 10.34 to 10.40), 485-486
paginate method (Listings 10.45 to 10.46), 493-494
pagination (Listings 10.45 to 10.46), 493-494, 495
partial refactoring (Listings 10.50 to 10.52), 498-499
requiring a logged_in_user before filter (Listing 10.35), 485
testing index action redirect (Listing 10.34), 484-485
testing pagination (Listings 10.47 to 10.48), 496-497, 495
will_paginate method (Listings 10.44 to 10.46), 492-494
Index page, toy application, 71-73, 79
Index page mockups, showing all users
basic page, 484
with one hundred users, 491
with one user, 489
with pagination, 495
Index pages, toy application, 61-65
Indexing arrays, 163
Indices, 171
Inheritance, 179-183, 182, 256
Inheritance hierarchies, toy application
ApplicationController class (Listing 2.22), 85-87, 86, 87
for controllers (Listings 2.20 to 2.21), 85-87, 86, 87
MicropostsController class (Listing 2.21), 86 for models (Listings 2.18 to 2.19), 85-87, 86, 87
UsersController class (Listings 2.12, 2.20), 76-78, 86
Initialization hash, 257
Initializing objects, 257
Inspecting cookies, 425n
Installing
Bootstrap, 204
Git. See Git, installation and setup.
Rails on a local system (Listing 1.6), 23-24
Installing Rails on Cloud9
bundle command, 23n
command-line program, 23
default directory structure, 18t
installing Gemfile (Listing 1.4), 19-23
opening a new terminal tab, 25
rails new command (Listing 1.3), 14-18
rails server (Listings 1.6 to 1.7), 23-25
sample directory structure, 17
script, 23
shortcuts, 101t
with a specific version number (Listings 1.1 to 1.5), 12-13
Instance methods, 179
Instance variables, creating, 188
Instances of classes, 179
Integrated development environment (IDE). See Cloud9.
Integration testing
account activation (Listing 11.33), 550-551
assertions (Listing 5.32), 236-238, 238t
Contact page (Listing 5.21), 228-230
for invalid sign-up submissions (Listing 7.23), 341-343
for layout links (Listing 5.32), 236-238
multiple assertions per test, 236n
for valid sign-up submissions (Listing 7.33), 355-356
“Invalid multibyte character” error message, 30n
Invalid session input, handling, 373-377
IP binding address, specifying and displaying, 23
$IP environment variable, specifying, 23
irb configuration (Listing 4.8), 151
Iteration over innumerable data structures. See Blocks.
J
.js.erb files, 726
JS-ERB files, 726
K
Keys, 171
kill command, 143
L
Labels. See Symbols.
Lambda, 614
Launch School, 7
Layout. See Site layout.
Layout files (Listing 3.35), 128-129
Learn Enough Command Line to be Dangerous, 1
Learn Enough Git to be Dangerous, 32
Learn Enough Society, 6
Learn Enough Text Editor to be Dangerous, 41n
Length validation (Listing 2.13), 79-81
Less-than signs (<<), adding to arrays, 165
lib/assets directory, 218
Links. See also Site layout.
creating, 198
stub URLs, 198
link_to helper function, 198
Listing. See also Displaying; Showing.
branches, 42
directory contents, 36
users, toy application, 61, 61, 61, 63, 66-67, 65
Literal constructors, 178
Literal strings, 153
Local development environment, 10
Local servers
running. See rails server command.
sharing, 26
log command, 35
Logged in status, determining (Listings 8.18 to 8.20), 391-394
logged_in? method (Listing 8.18), 391-392
logged_in_user method
friendly forwarding (Listing 10.31), 480-481
Microposts controller (Listing 13.32), 632-633
requiring logged-in users (Listing 10.15), 467-473
Logging in. See also Remember me; Sessions.
changing layout links (Listings 8.18 to 8.20), 391-394
concerns technique, 382n
current user, finding (Listings 8.16 to 8.17), 389-390
current_user method (Listings 8.16 to 8.17), 389-390
find method (Listing 7.5), 386-389
find_by method (Listing 8.16), 386-389
logged in status, determining (Listings 8.18 to 8.20), 391-394
logged_in? method (Listings 8.18 to 8.20), 391-394
log_in method (Listings 8.14 to 8.15), 383-385
overview (Listing 8.13), 382-383
and redirecting to the profile page (Listing 8.15), 384-385
session method (Listings 8.14 to 8.15), 383-385
successful login mockup, 391
upon sign-up (Listings 8.25 to 8.27), 400-402
user profile mockup, 391
validating user login (Listings 8.23 to 8.24), 398-399
Logging in, testing layout changes
mockup, drop-down menu, 395
mockup, logged-in user, 395
Logging out
only if logged in (Listings 9.11 to 9.19), 428-433
overview (Listings 8.29 to 8.32), 403-405
from persistent sessions (Listing 9.12), 427
a test for logout (Listing 9.12), 427
Login form, code for (Listing 12.3), 569
Login form mockups
access failure, 468
drop-down menus (Listings 8.21 to 8.24), 395
a protected page, 468
“remember me” checkbox, 434, 436
successful login, 391
log_in method (Listings 8.14 to 8.15), 383-385
Login page with forgot password link, 567
Login versus remembering, account activation, and password reset, 516t
log_in_as method (Listing 9.23), 440-443
Logo. See Site logo.
log_out method (Listings 8.29 to 8.32), 403-405
lorem ipsum text, 301, 622n–623n
Lorem.sentence method (Listings 13.25 to 13.26), 622-626
Lovitt, Michael, 275n
ls command, 36
Ludowyk, Tristan, 593n
M
-m flag, 34
make utility. See Rake language.
Manifest files (Listing 5.194), 218-219
map method
blocks, 168
status feed, following-users page, 732-735
Mapping user URLs to
controller actions (Listing 2.5), toy application, 68, 65
correspondence between pages, 61t
Markdown markup language, 41
Markup, placing in a separate file. See Partials.
.md file extension, 41
MD5 hashing algorithm, 314-315
Memoization, 386n
Message chaining, 157
Messages, adding to a commit, 35. See also Error messages; Sign-up error messages.
Metaprogramming, 541
Method definitions in the console, 159-161
Method reference convention, 284
Method reference technique, account activation, 521
Methods. See also Functions.
adding to built-in classes, 417-418
calling themselves. See Class methods.
versus functions, 156
remembering variable assignments. See Memoization.
Micropost controller (Listing 2.12), 76–78
Micropost model. See also Showing microposts.
associations between models (Listings 13.10 to 13.12), 608-611
associations between models, summary of, 609t
belongs_to relationships (Listings 11.9, 12.3, 13.10), 608-611
data model, 602
default scope (Listings 13.14 to 13.17), 612-615
default_scope method (Listing 13.17), 614
dependent: :destroy (Listings 13.19 to 13.20), 615-616
destroying users (Listings 13.19 to 13.20), 615-616
foreign key reference, 603n
generating (Listings 13.1 to 13.3), 602-604
has_many relationships (Listing 13.11), 608-611, 609
migration with added index (Listing 13.3), 604
multiple key index, 604
ordering posts (Listings 13.17), 614
validation (Listings 13.4 to 13.8), 605-608
Micropost model, mockups
Home page with a form error, 643
Home page with form for creating microposts, 635, 642
Home page with proto-feed, 644, 647
user profile page with code for microposts, 621
user profile page with microposts, 617, 625-626
user profile page with pagination links, 627
user profile page with unstyled microposts, 623
Micropost model, testing user profiles
associating fixture microposts with users (Listing 13.27), 628-629
profile structure (Listings 13.27 to 13.28), 627-630
Micropost page, toy application, 79
Micropost resource. See Toy application, Micropost resource.
Microposts
access control (Listings 13.31 to 13.34), 632-634
authorization tests for Micropost controller (Listings 13.31 to 13.34), 632-634
definition, 601
displaying. See Showing microposts.
feed. See Microposts, proto-feed.
logged_in_user method (Listing 13.32), 632-633
routes for the Micropost resource (Listing 13.30), 628t
samples. See Micropost model, mockups.
Microposts, creating
adding to the Home page (Listing 13.37), 636-637
create action (Listing 13.36), 635-636
creating (Listings 13.36 to 13.45), 635-642
form for creating microposts (Listing 13.37), 632
redefining error messages (Listings 13.41 to 13.45), 639-642
user info sidebar (Listing 13.38), 637
Microposts, destroying
adding a delete link (Listing 13.51), 650-652
HTTP_REFERER, 652n
request.referrer method, 652, 652n
Microposts, images. See also CarrierWave uploader.
adding to Micropost model (Listing 13.58), 658-659
basic uploading (Listings 13.59 to 13.62), 659-663
display size, constraining, 668n
format validation (Listings 13.64 to 13.66), 664-667
image_tag helper (Listing 13.62), 661-663
resizing (Listings 13.67 to 13.68), 667-670
size validation (Listings 13.65 to 13.66), 665-667
Microposts, mockups
Home page after deleting a micropost, 653
Home page with a new micropost, 648
Home page with a proto-feed, 643, 647
proto-feed with delete links, 650
Microposts, proto-feed
failed submissions, 648
@feed_items instance variable (Listings 13.47 to 13.50), 645-649
Home page with a proto-feed, 644
SQL injection, security hole, 645
status feed (Listings 13.48 to 13.49), 645-649
where method (Listing 13.46), 634-635
Microposts, testing
adding a micropost with a different owner (Listing 13.53), 653-654
deletion with user mismatch (Listing 13.54), 654-655
integration test for the micropost interface (Listing 13.55), 655-656
@microposts instance variable (Listing 13.23), 619
MicropostsController class (Listing 2.21), 86
Migrating down, 254
Migrating up, 252
Migration file name, 252
Migrations. See Database migration; Rake db:migrate command.
MiniMagick, CarrierWave (Listing 13.67), 669-670
MiniTest assertions, list of, 120n
minitest-reporters gem, 136
Missing page titles, 147
mkdir (create directory) command, 14-15t
Mockups, tool for, 194n. See also specific mockups.
Model file, User model, 255-256
Modeling users. See User model.
Modification timestamp, updating, 116-117
Moses, Riley, 279n
Multiline blocks, 168
Multiple-key indices, 604, 687
Mutating arrays, 165
mv (move files) command, 14-15t
MVC (Model-View-Controller) architecture
default Rails page, 27
flow diagram, 67
requests, 26
schematic view, 28
sharing a local server, 26
N
Named constructors, 178
Named routes
in site layout (Listings 5.30 to 5.31), 233-235
Naming conventions
scaffold command, 58n
scaffolding, 58n
User model, 251
navbar class, 197
navbar-fixed-top class, 197
navbar-inverse class, 197
Navigating
the filesystem, 93n
Nested hashes, 174
Nesting Sass style sheets (Listing 5.7), 221-223
new action, creating a Sessions controller, 366-369
new method, as named constructor, 178
newline
in CSS (Cascading Style Sheets), 176
definition, 154
Nginx, 46
nil value
in a boolean context, 158
definition, 154
and the empty? method, 157
message chaining, 157
responding to methods, 157
“Nothing at all” value. See nil value.
O
Objects
converting to strings, 157
definition, 156
Octothorpe. See Hash symbol (#), comment indicator.
ol (ordered list) tag, 618
Online resources. See also Books and publications.
Bloc, 6
Code School, 6
Firehose Project, 7
help, Rails Tutorial, 9
help for Rules Tutorial, 7n
Launch School, 7
Learn Enough Society, 6
Pragmatic Studio, 7
Rails Guides, 7
RailsApps, 7
RailsCasts, 7
Thinkful, 7
open command, 49
Opening new terminal tabs, 24–25
Options hash, 267
Ordered list (ol) tag, 618
Ordering micropost posts (Listings 13.17), 614
Overwriting current changes, 36
P
paginate method (Listing 10.46), 494
Pagination
microposts, 619-621, 625-627, 626
showing all users (Listings 10.44 to 10.46), 492-494, 495
Palindromes, checking for, 180-183
params hash, sign-up failure (Listing 7.15), 332-333
params variable (Listing 7.1), 301
Parentheses ( () )
in statement syntax, 424n
and the ternary operator, 437n14
Partial refactoring (Listings 10.50 to 10.52), 498-499
Partials
for HTML shims (Listings 5.12 to 5.13), 212-213
render helper function, 212-213
sharing across views, 212n
for site footer (Listings 5.15 to 5.17), 214-216
Passive relationships
model for, 696
Relationship model (Listings 14.12 to 14.13), 695-697
Password reset. See also Forgot password form.
adding a link to (Listing 12.2), 566
adding password reset methods (Listings 12.5 to 12.6), 571-573
adding reset methods to the User model (Listing 12.52), 588
clearing the reset digest (Listing 12.22), 595
create action (Listings 12.5 to 12.6), 571-573
edit action (Listings 12.14 to 12.15), 581-583
expired resets, testing for (Listing 12.21), 594-595
form for, 584
form for (Listings 12.14 to 12.15), 581-583
generating a controller for (Listings 12.1 to 12.2), 565-566
hidden fields (Listing 12.14), 581
integration test (Listing 12.18), 590-591
login form, code for (Listing 12.3), 569
password reset view (Listing 12.4), 570
reset attributes, 568
resetting the password (Listings 12.14 to 12.15), 581-583
update action (Listings 12.16 to 12.17), 584-588
update_columns template (Listing 12.20), 593-594
User model, 568
Password reset, mockups
failed password reset, 589
forgot password form, 563, 570, 573, 578
forgot password link, 562
login page with forgot password link, 567
password reset form, 584
reset email, HTML version, 578
reset email, text version, 578
reset password form, 564
successful password reset, 589
Password reset mailer method
creating (Listing 12.7), 574-575
HTML email template (Listing 12.9), 575
mailing the password reset link (Listings 12.7 to 12.11), 574-577
plain-text email template (Listing 12.8), 575
sample reset email from the server log (Listing 12.11), 576-577
testing (Listing 12.12), 579-580
view templates, defining (Listings 12.8 to 12.9), 575
working preview method (Listing 12.10), 576
Password reset test
failed password reset, mockup, 589
integration test (Listing 12.18), 591-592
successful password reset, mockup, 589
Password reset view (Listing 12.4), 570
Password security
bcrypt hash function (Listing 6.36), 288-289, 294n22
confirmation (Listings 6.37 to 6.40), 289-291
hash, definition, 286
hashed passwords (Listings 6.35 to 6.36), 286-289
hashing versus encryption, 287n19
minimum length (Listings 6.41 to 6.42), 291-293
overview, 286
password digest, 287. See also Hashed password.
salted hashed, 294n22
unencrypted passwords, 419n
User model, 288
virtual, definition, 287n18
virtual attributes, 287
Password test versus account activation, remembering, and login, 516t
password_confirmation attribute, 287
password_digest attribute (Listing 6.35), 287-288. See also Hashed passwords.
Password_reset method (Listings 12.7 to 12.11), 574-577
Passwords
allowing blank (Listing 10.13), 465
duplicates across users, 412
Patterns of Enterprise Application Architecture (Fowler), 248n1
Persistence, 249
Persistent sessions
creating, 410
logging out (Listing 9.12), 427
testing (Listing 9.31), 447
updating current_user (Listing 9.9), 424-425
Philips, Andy, 287n19
Pictures. See Images.
pid file will be overwritten, error message, 135n
pluralize text helper, 338
Plus operator (+), concatenating strings, 153
$PORT environment variable, 23
Port number, specifying and displaying, 23
Pound sign. See Hash symbol (#), comment indicator.
Pragmatic Studio, 7
Printing
strings, 154
private keyword, 334
Pro Git, 40n
Proc file, creating from a block, 614
Processes, displaying, 142-143
Production environments, 303
Profile page, successful account activation, 547
Programs that write other programs. See Metaprogramming.
Proto-feed
failed submissions, 648
@feed_items instance variable (Listings 13.47 to 13.50), 645-649
Home page with a proto-feed, 644
SQL injection, security hole, 645
status feed (Listings 13.48 to 13.49), 645-649
where method (Listing 13.46), 634-635
provide function, 126n14
push method, adding to arrays, 165
Pushing changes up to Git repositories, 39
puts function, 154
Q
q command, 35
Query parameters, account activation, 528
Question mark (?)
boolean indicator, 156
in query parameters, 528
Quitting Git, 35
R
Rails
creator of, 3
definition, 4
learning Ruby first, 6
open source, 4
shortcuts, 101t
“The Rails 3 Asset Pipeline in (about) 5 minutes” (Erasmus), 217n
Rails console. See Console.
Rails Guides, 7
rails new command (Listing 1.3), 14-18
Rails routes (Listings 5.27 to 5.28), 230-233. See also Named routes; Root routes.
“Rails Routing from the Outside In,” 701n
rails server command (Listings 1.6 to 1.7). See also Installing Rails on Cloud9.
default RAILS page, 27
IP binding address, specifying and displaying, 23
$IP environment variable, 23
$PORT environment variable, 23
port number, specifying and displaying, 23
Rails Tutorial Cloud9 workspace, 10
Rails Tutorial help, 7n
RailsApps, 7
RailsCasts, 7
rake db:migrate command, 60
Rake language, definition, 60
Ranges, 163-167. See also Arrays.
Reading data from the web. See GET method.
README.md file (Listing 1.13, 3.3)
definition, 40
editing, 42
.md file extension, 41
merging with the master branch, 43-44
README.md file (Listings 1.13, 3.3)
committing changes to, 43
pushing changes up to Bitbucket, 44-45
RecordNotFound exception, 260
Recursive force, deleting files and directories, 36
Red, Green, Refactor cycle, 113
RED flag, 9
RED (failing) tests (Listing 3.15), 113-114
redirect_back_or method (Listing 10.32), 481-482
Refactoring code
definition, 110
removing duplication (Listings 3.31 to 3.40), 125-132
Regex. See Regular expressions.
Regular expressions
validating email addresses (Listing 6.21), 274-277, 275t
validating user data (Listing 6.21), 275-277, 275t
Relationship model. See Following users, Relationship model.
Remember branch, testing (Listings 9.21 to 9.23), 445-449
Remember me. See also Logging in.
cookies, 410
duplicate user passwords, 412
forget method (Listing 9.11), 426-427
persistent sessions, 410
“remember me” checkbox, 434, 436
remember_digest attribute (Listings 9.1 to 9.3), 411-415, 411t
remember_token method (Listing 9.3), 414-415
tokens (Listings 9.1 to 9.3), 410-415
Remember me, at login
authenticated? method (Listing 9.6), 420-421
authenticated? method (Listings 9.17 to 9.19), 431-433
persistent sessions (Listing 9.9), 424-425
remembering a logged-in user (Listings 9.7 to 9.9), 421-425
Remember me checkbox
creating (Listings 9.21 to 9.23), 433-438
CSS for (Listing 9.22), 435-436
testing (Listings 9.24 to 9.28), 440-445
remember me function, testing
collisions, checking for, 412n6
log_in_as method (Listing 9.24), 440-441
persistent sessions (Listing 9.31), 447
raising exceptions (Listing 9.29), 445-446
remember branch (Listings 9.21 to 9.23), 445-449
remember me checkbox (Listings 9.24 to 9.28), 440-444
remembering cookies (Listing 9.25), 442-443
removing raised exceptions (Listing 9.33), 448
remember_digest attribute (Listings 9.1 to 9.3), 411-415, 411t
Remembered options, 95n
Remembering cookies (Listing 9.25), 442-443
Remembering versus login, account activation and password reset, 516t
remember_token method (Listings 9.3), 414-415
Renaming applications, 50
render helper function, 212-213
Rendering images, in microposts (Listings 13.22 to 13.24, 13.62), 617-621, 661-663
Repositories. See Git, repositories.
request.referrer method, 652, 652n
Reset attributes, password reset, 568
Reset password form, 564
Resetting
databases. See Undoing, database migrations.
passwords. See Password reset.
Resizing micropost images (Listings 13.67 to 13.69), 667-670, 668-669
REST (REpresentational State Transfer), 70
RESTful routes
for the Micropost resource (Listing 13.30), 628, 629t
-rf flag, 36
Root routes
adding (Listing 2.3), 56
defining (Listings 5.27 to 5.28), 230-231
definition (Listings 1.9 to 1.10), 29-30
setting (Listing 3.41), 132-133, 133
Routing. See Named routes; Rails routes; Root routes.
Rows, databases, 250
Ruby language
classes. See Classes.
data structures. See Data structures.
make utility. See Rake language.
version numbers, displaying, 361-362
Ruby on Rails. See Rails.
Ruby on Rails Tutorial website, 2n
Rules (CSS), bundling and reusing. See Sass mixins (Listing 7.2).
S
S3 (Simple Storage Service), 672-674
Salted hashed passwords, 294n22
Sample applications. See Hello world program; Static pages; Toy application.
Sample data, creating
lorem ipsum text, 301, 622n–623n
Lorem.sentence method (Listings 13.25 to 13.26), 622-626
microposts (Listings 13.25 to 13.26), 622-626
users (Listing 10.43), 490-491
users (Listings 10.42 to 10.43), 491
Sandbox, for database migration, 256-257
Sass mixins (Listing 7.2), 304-306
Sass utility, alternate syntax, 220n
Sass utility, asset pipeline
asset directories, 218
definition, 218
manifest files (Listing 5.19), 218-219
production efficiency, 220
Sass utility, style sheets (Listing 5.7). See also CSS (Cascading Style Sheets).
variable names, 224
variables (Listings 5.8, 5.17), 223-227
save method, 257
Saving User objects to the database, 257
scaffold command
naming conventions, 58n
Scaffolding
generate scaffold command, 3
naming conventions, 58n
scaffold command, 58
toy application, 53
.scss file extension, 205, 219-220
section tag, 197
Secure Sockets Layer (SSL). See SSL (Secure Sockets Layer).
Security, preventing unactivated users from logging in (Listing 11.32), 548. See also Authorization; Named routes; Password security.
Selecting array elements, 166
Selectors, 120
Self-closing tags, 201n
SendGrid, configuring (Listing 11.41, 12.23), 556-557, 595-597
Server computer, definition, 104-105
Server log errors, 308
Servers, sharing local, 26
Session hijacking, 358, 410, 412n5
session method (Listings 8.14 to 8.15), 383-385
Sessions. See also Logging in.
cookies, 366
definition, 366
destroying (Listings 8.29 to 8.32), 403-405
Sessions, creating
permanent. See Persistent sessions.
temporary (Listings 8.14 to 8.15), 383-385
Sessions, finding and authenticating users
authenticate method (Listing 8.7), 376, 377t
authenticating users (Listing 8.7), 376, 377t
failed login, mockup, 375
find_by method (Listing 8.7), 376
finding users (Listing 8.7), 376
invalid input, handling, 373-377
Sessions, flash
code for failed login (Listings 8.9 to 8.12), 379-382
flash test (Listings 8.9 to 8.12), 379-382
flash.now method (Listing 8.11), 381
rendering with a flash message (Listing 8.8), 377-379, 377t
Sessions, login form creation
code sample (Listing 8.4), 371
form_tag helper, 371n
HTML sample (Listing 8.5), 373
mockup of completed form, 372
Sessions, login form mockups
added links, 372
basic form, 367
completed form, 372
with flash message, 378
flash persistence (Listings 8.9 to 8.12), 379-382
Sessions, persistent
creating, 410
logging out (Listing 9.12), 427
testing (Listing 9.31), 447
updating current_user (Listing 9.9), 424-425
Sessions controller
adding resources (Listing 8.2), 368
routes, custom, 369t
Setter methods, creating, 188
Shims (Listings 5.12 to 5.13), 196, 212-213
Shivs. See HTML shims.
Short-circuit evaluation, 388
Shortcuts, Rails commands, 101t. See also Ctrl-C keystroke; Ctrl-D keystroke.
Show page, mockups, 311
Showing all users. See also Displaying; Listing.
db/seeds.rb file (Listing 10.43), 490
Faker gem, adding to the Gemfile (Listing 10.42), 488-492
overview, 483
sample users, creating (Listing 10.43), 490-491
sample users, creating (Listings 10.42 to 10.43), 491
Showing all users, index page
adding the URL to the users link (Listing 10.40), 487
bootstrap-will_paginate method (Listings 10.44 to 10.46), 492-494
CSS for users index (Listing 10.39), 487
index action (Listings 10.34 to 10.40), 483-488
index action redirect (Listing 10.34), 484-485
index view (Listings 10.34 to 10.40), 485-486
paginate method (Listings 10.44 to 10.46), 492-494
pagination (Listings 10.44 to 4.46), 492-494
pagination (Listings 10.44 to 10.46), 495
partial refactoring (Listings 10.50 to 10.52), 498-499
requiring a logged_in_user before filter (Listing 10.35), 485
testing index action redirect (Listing 10.34), 484-485
testing pagination (Listings 10.47 to 10.48), 496-497, 495
will_paginate method (Listings 10.44 to 10.46), 492-494
Showing all users, index page mockups
basic page, 484
with one hundred users, 491
with one user, 489
with pagination, 495
Showing microposts. See also Micropost model.
count method, 620
counter cache, 620
@microposts instance variable (Listing 13.23), 619
number of posts per user, 620
profile page with microposts, mockup, 617
rendering microposts (Listings 13.22 to 13.24), 617-621
time_ago_in_words method (Listing 13.22), 618-619
will_paginate method (Listing 13.24), 620-621
Side effects of functions, 154
Sidebar (Listings 7.10 to 7.11), 316-319
Signed cookies, 418
Signing up on Cloud9, 11
Sign-up, logging in (Listings 8.25 to 8.27), 400-402
Sign-up error messages
_error_messages.html.erb partial file (Listing 7.21), 337-338
any? method, 338
displaying (Listings 7.20 to 7.22), 336-340
empty? method, 338
error_explanation (Listing 7.22), 339-340
field_with_errors class (Listing 7.22), 339-340
mockups, 340
pluralize text helper, 338-339
styling with CSS (Listing 7.22), 339-340
testing, template for, 344
Sign-up failure
assert_select method, 342
attr_accessible method, 333
count method, 341
create action (listing 7.18), 329-332
debug information (Listing 7.18), 330-333
failure-page mockups, 331
params hash (Listing 7.15), 332-333
private keyword, 334
strong parameters (Listing 7.19), 333-336
testing for invalid submissions (Listing 7.23), 341-343
testing for valid submissions (Listing 7.33), 355-356
a working form (Listing 7.18), 329-333
Sign-up forms
authenticity token, 328
CSRF (cross-site request forgery), 328
form tag, 328
mockups, 320-324, 321-322, 321-324, 324, 340
overview, 320
Sign-up forms, HTML
sample HTML (Listing 7.15), 325-327
Sign-up page
with account activation warning message, 548
adding an @user variable (Listing 7.14), 320-321
assigning a route (Listing 5.43), 242-244
custom stub view (Listing 5.46), 243
first user sign-up, 352-355, 352
flash messages (Listings 7.29 to 7.31), 349-351
linking a button (Listing 5.45), 242-244
linking to the Home page (Listing 5.2), 196n
Users controller, creating (Listings 5.38 to 5.39), 240-241
Sign-up page, mockups, 244, 249
filled-in form, 327
first user sign-up, 352
sign-up failure (Listing 7.18), 329-333, 330-331
Sign-up success
create action (Listing 7.28), 344-345
finished sign-up form, 346-348
finished sign-up form (Listing 7.22), 347
welcome message (Listings 7.29 to 7.31), 349-352
Sign-up test (Listing 11.33), 550-551
Simple Storage Service (S3), 672-674
Single quotes ('), mixing with double quotes, 136
Site layout. See also Bootstrap; Links.
document divisions, 198
footers (Listings 5.15 to 5.17), 214-216
site logo (Listing 5.9), 209
web page (Listings 3.31 to 3.40), 125-132
Site logo (Listing 5.9), 209
Site navigation
application.html.erb file (Listings 4.3, 5.1), 195-202
Home page mockup, 201
updating the site layout file (Listing 5.1), 195-202
Size validation, micropost images (Listings 13.65 to 13.66), 665-667
Skeletons (code). See Scaffolding.
Slash (/)
root URL, 60
Unix directory separator, 8
Slash, asterisk (/* ... */), CSS comments, 205
Snake case, 101
Spacing, Home page mockup, 206
split method, 163
spring command, 143
Spring process ID (pid) file will be overwritten, error message, 135n
Spring server
adding to .gitignore file (Listing 3.46), 140
preventing conflicts with Git, 139
SQL (Structured Query Language)
alternatives to. See Active Record.
case sensitivity, 614n
naming conventions, 614n
pronouncing “SQL,” 248n2
SQL injection, security hole, 645
SQLite Database Browser
pronouncing “SQLite,” 253
Square brackets ([]), accessing elements, 164
SSH key, adding to Heroku, 48
SSL (Secure Sockets Layer)
in production deployment (Listing 7.36), 358-359
session hijacking, 358
SSL certificates, 359
Stabby lambda, 614
State, maintaining. See Cookies; Remember me.
Stateless protocol, 366
Static pages. See also About page; Contact page; Help page; Home page; Sign-up page.
boot route, setting, 133
boot route, setting (Listing 3.41), 132-133
custom pages (Listings 3.11), 108
embedded Ruby (Listings 3.31 to 3.40), 126-132
generating (Listing 3.6), 100-107
generating a controller, 100-107. See also Static Pages controller.
generating a sample app (Listing 3.1), 94
help action (Listings 3.6, 3.7, 3.10), 100, 104, 107
layouts (Listings 3.31 to 3.40), 125-132
README file (Listing 3.3), 96-97
refactoring (Listings 3.31 to 3.40), 125-132
Static pages, dynamic titles
base titles, 147
on every page. See Base titles.
full_title helper function (Listings 4.2, 4.3, 4.11), 147-48, 162
HTML structure of a typical web page (Listing 3.23), 119
layout files (Listing 3.35), 128-129
list of sample pages, 119t
missing page titles, 147
templates for. See Embedded Ruby.
yield function, 126
Static Pages controller
code sample (Listing 3.6), 100
contents of config directory, 103
generating (Listing 3.6), 100-107
help action (Listings 3.6, 3.7, 3.10), 100, 104, 106-107
hierarchy, examining, 185-187, 186, 186
home action (Listings 3.6, 3.7), 100-104
Home page, generated view (Listing 3.9), 107
Home page, raw view, 105
Rails shortcuts, 101t
Static Pages controller, testing
default (Listing 3.13), 112-113
generating a test file (Listing 3.13), 112-113
GREEN (passing) tests (Listings 3.17 to 3.22), 114-117
Red, Green, Refactor cycle, 113
RED (failing) tests (Listing 3.15), 113-114
refactoring code, 117
status command, 34
Status feed
following-user mockups, 740
micropost (Listings 13.48 to 13.49), 645-649
Status feed, following-users page
initial status feed (Listing 14.44), 732-735
join method, 734
map method, 733
motivation and strategy (Listing 14.42), 731-732
sample, 730
subselects (Listings 14.45 to 14.47), 736-740
Stealing cookies, 410
String literals, 153
Strings
arrays of, 272
assigning values to, 153
assigning variable names to, 153
concatenating, 153
converting from objects, 157
converting to arrays, 163
definition, 153
double-quoted, 153
interpolating, 153
printing, 154
Strong parameters
create action (Listing 7.19), 334
deleting users (Listing 10.56), 504-505
sign-up failure (Listing 7.18), 330-333
Structured Query Language (SQL)
alternatives to. See Active Record.
pronouncing “SQL,” 248n2
Stub URLs, linking to, 198
Stub view for user information (Listing 7.4), 310
Style sheets, CSS (Listing 4.1), 175-177
Style sheets, Sass utility
nesting (Listing 5.7), 221-223
variable names, 224
variables (Listings 5.8, 5.17), 223-227
stylesheet_link_tag function, 146, 177
Styling with CSS (Listing 7.22), 339-340
Subselects (Listings 14.45 to 14.47), 736-740
Successful password reset, 589
Symbols
T
Table attacks, protection from, 294n22
Tables
databases, 250
dropping from databases, 254
TDD (test-driven development), 110. See also Testing.
Templates
testing error messages, 344
update_columns (Listing 12.20), 593-594
Templates for pages. See Embedded Ruby.
10 types of people, 438-439, 438-439
Ternary operator
in function return values, 439
and parentheses ( () ), 437n14
replacing assignment operators, 438-439
Test environments, 303
Test suites, 110
Testing. See also Integration testing; TDD (test-driven development).
About page, 114
authorization tests for Micropost controller (Listings 13.31 to 13.34), 632-634
authorizations, following users (Listing 14.24), 710-711
automated. See Automated testing.
commenting out failed tests (Listing 11.24), 537
a correct user (Listings 10.27 to 10.28), 476-478
destroyed users (Listings 10.60 to 10.62), 508-511
edits (Listings 10.20 to 10.21), 471-473
error messages, template for, 344
for expired password resets, (Listing 12.21), 594-595
failing tests, writing. See TDD (test-driven development).
for followers (Listing 14.13), 697
following relationships (Listing 14.40), 727-729
for friendly forwarding (Listings 10.29 to 10.32), 478-483
index action redirect (Listing 10.34), 484-485
logging in a test user (Listing 10.15), 468-471
logout (Listings 8.29 to 8.32), 404-405
logout (Listings 9.12), 427
MiniTest assertions, list of, 120-121
model tests. See Validating user data.
multiple assertions per test, 236n
pagination (Listings 10.44 to 10.46), 492-494, 495
password reset mailer method (Listing 12.12), 579-580
persistent sessions (Listing 9.31), 447
refactoring code, 110
for specific HTML tags, 120
unfollow buttons (Listing 14.40), 727-729
unsuccessful user updates (Listings 10.9), 461-462
the wrong user (Listing 10.24), 474
Testing, account activation
activation via user model object (Listing 11.37), 552-553
integration test (Listings 11.33 to 11.37), 550-551
overview, 549
sending email via user model object (Listing 11.36), 552
setting the test domain host (Listing 11.21), 535
user activation methods in the User model (Listing 11.35), 551-552
user sign-up test (Listing 11.33), 550-551
Testing, advanced
adding Spring to .gitignore file (Listing 3.4), 140
custom Guardfile (Listing 3.45), 138-139
Testing, Micropost user profiles
associating fixture microposts with users (Listing 13.27), 628-629
profile structure (Listings 13.27 to 13.28), 627-630
Testing, Static Pages controller
default (Listing 3.13), 112-113
generating a test file (Listing 3.13), 112-113
GREEN (passing) tests (Listings 3.17 to 3.22), 114-117
Red, Green, Refactor cycle, 113
RED (failing) tests (Listing 3.15), 113-114
refactoring code, 117
Text editors, aligning columns, 177n
Thinkful, 7
Thomas, Dave, 7
Time helpers, 418
time_ago_in_words method (Listing 13.22), 618-619
Timestamp on files and directories, updating, 116-117
Timestamps
database migrations, 252
User objects, 258n7
UTC (Coordinated Universal Time), 258n7
Titles on static pages
base titles, 147
on every page. See Base titles.
full_title helper function (Listings 4.2, 4.3, 4.11), 147-48, 162
HTML structure of a typical web page (Listing 3.24), 120
layout files (Listing 3.35), 128-129
list of sample pages, 119t
missing page titles, 147
templates for. See Embedded Ruby.
yield function, 126
Titles on static pages, testing
Home page title (Listing 4.4, 4.6), 148-149
page titles (Listings 3.23 to 3.25), 119-121
page titles (Listings 3.23, 3.24 to 3.25), 120-121
TLS (Transport Security Layer), 358n. See also SSL (Secure Sockets Layer).
to_a method, 166
Tokens (Listings 9.1 to 9.3), 410-415
Torvalds, Linus, 32
to_s method, 157
Toy application
micropost data model, 57-58, 58
scaffolding, 53
updating the Gemfile (Listing 2.1), 54-55
user data model (Listing 2.6), 57-58, 57-58, 72. See also Toy application, Users resource.
Toy application, inheritance hierarchies
ApplicationController class (Listing 2.22), 85-87, 86, 87
for controllers (Listings 2.20 to 2.21), 85-87, 86, 87
MicropostsController class (Listing 2.21), 86
for models (Listings 2.18 to 2.19), 85-87, 86, 87
UsersController class (Listings 2.12, 2.20), 76-78, 86
Toy application, Micropost resource
data model associations (Listings 2.14, 2.15), 81-82, 82
data validation, 74
error messages, 80
first_user variable, 82
has_many associations, 81-82, 82
index page, 79
length validation (Listing 2.13), 79-81
Micropost controller (Listing 2.12), 76–78
micropost page, 77
Rails console, 82
RESTful routes, 76t
Toy application, Users resource
bundle exec, 60
controller actions (Listing 2.7), 69-70
correspondence between pages and URLs, 61t
editing user information, 62, 63-64
index action (Listing 2.6), 68-69
listing users, 61, 61, 63, 66-67, 65
mapping user URLs to controller actions (Listing 2.5), 68, 65
MVC (Model-View-Controller), 65-73
rake db:migrate command, 60
Rake language, 60
REST (REpresentational State Transfer), 70
RESTful routes, 71t
root route, adding (Listing 2.3), 56
scaffold command, 58
user page, 63
Users controller (Listing 2.7), 69-70
weaknesses, 74
Transport Security Layer (TLS), 358n. See also SSL (Secure Sockets Layer).
Tuite, Colm, 193n
Twitter-style relationships, 685
Typography (Listing 5.8), 208, 208-210, 209
U
uglifier gem, 21
ul: (unordered list) tag, 198
underscore method, 688n
Undoing
database migrations, 102-103, 254, 256, 294n21
Unencrypted passwords, 419n
Unfollow buttons
testing (Listing 14.40), 727-729
Unfollowed user, mockup, 722
Uniform Resource Locator (URL), correspondence between pages, 61t
Uniqueness, email addresses
at the database level (Listings 6.29 to 6.34), 281-286
validating (Listings 6.23 to 6.34), 278-286
Unix command line
/ (forward slash), directory separator, 7
? (dollar sign), command line prompt, 8
cd (change directory) command, 14-15t
common commands, 15t
cp (copy files) command, 14-15t
mkdir (create directory) command, 14-15t
mv (move files) command, 14-15t
overview, 14
Unobtrusive JavaScript, 724
Unordered list (ul:) tag, 198
Unsuccessful sign-up. See Sign-up failure.
upcase method (Listing 6.26), 279
update action
password reset (Listings 12.16 to 12.17), 584-588
updating users (Listing 10.8), 459-460
updating users (Listings 10.11 to 10.13), 464-465
Updating
remote servers. See PATCH method.
Updating a remote server. See PATCH method.
Updating users
adding a URL to the settings link (Listing 10.4), 456-457
edit action (Listings 10.1 to 10.4), 452-457
edit form (Listing 10.3), 455
edit form mockups, 455
edit view (Listing 10.2), 454
overview, 451
strong parameters (Listing 10.56), 504-505
update action (Listing 10.8), 459-460
Updating users, successful edits with TDD
acceptance tests, 463
allowing blank passwords (Listing 10.13), 465
successful mockup, 466
update action (Listings 10.11 to 10.13), 464-465
Updating users, unsuccessful edits
edit form mockup, 461
overview (Listing 10.8), 459-460
testing (Listing 10.9), 461-462
update action (Listing 10.8), 459-460
Uploading images
CarrierWave uploader (Listings 13.58 to 13.62), 657-663
CarrierWave uploader (Listings 13.69 to 13.71), 671-674
micropost (Listings 13.58 to 13.63), 657-663
URL (Uniform Resource Locator), correspondence between pages, 61t
url_encode method, 535n
User activation methods, testing (Listing 11.35), 551-552
User class (Listing 4.17), 187-190
User class inheritance, 256
User data, showing. See Displaying user data.
User email addresses, displaying, 310
User info sidebar (Listing 13.38), 637
User model. See also Databases.
with account activation attributes, 519
email addresses as user names, 250n
generating (Listing 6.1), 251
naming conventions, 251
persistence, 249
sample code (Listing 6.3), 256
sketch of, 251
viewing the structure of, 253
User model, User objects
current date and time, 258
destroying, 259
initialization hash, 257
saving to the database, 257
timestamps, 258n7
validity. See Validating user data.
User names
displaying, 310
email addresses as, 250n
User objects
current date and time, 258
initialization hash, 257
saving to the database, 257
timestamps, 258n7
User pages, toy application, 61-65, 61-65, 63
User profile page
adding a Users resource (Listing 7.3), 308
Gravatars (globally recognized avatars) (Listings 7.8 to 7.9), 314-318
logging in, mockup, 391
mockups, 300
server log errors, 308
sidebar (Listings 7.10 to 7.11), 316-319
stub view for user information (Listing 7.4), 310
test for valid submission (Listing 7.33), 355-356
User profile page mockups
basic page, 301
code for microposts, 621
CSS (Listing 7.11), 317-319, 318
with pagination links, 627
sidebar, 318
unfollow button, 709
with unstyled microposts, 623
User profile page mockups, following-users
basic page, 680
finding a user to follow, 681
incremented followers count, 681-682
User sign-up test (Listing 11.33), 550-551
user.followers method (Listings 14.12 to 14.13), 695-697
user.following method (Listings 14.8 to 14.10), 692-695
user.forget method (Listing 9.11), 426-427
Userid, storing in cookies, 418-419
Users
adding to the fixture file (Listings 10.23 to 10.28), 473-478
deleting. See Deleting, users.
displaying. See Showing all users.
editing. See Updating users.
updating. See Updating users.
validating. See Validating user data.
Users controller
creating a sign-up page (Listings 5.38 to 5.39), 240-241
with a show action (Listing 7.5), 310
toy application (Listing 2.7), 69-70
Users index with delete links, mockup, 501
Users resource, adding to a user profile page (Listing 7.3), 308. See also Toy application, Users resource.
UsersController class (Listings 2.12, 2.20), 76-78, 86
UTC (Coordinated Universal Time), 258n7
V
valid? method, 257
Validating
images, CarrierWave uploader (Listings 13.64 to 13.66), 664-667
Micropost models (Listings 13.4 to 13.8), 605-608
Relationship model (Listings 14.4 to 14.5), 690-691
user login (Listings 8.23 to 8.24), 398-399
Validating user data
case sensitivity (Listings 6.26 to 6.27), 279-280
email addresses (Listings 6.18 to 6.23), 272-277
format (Listings 6.18 to 6.21), 272-277
length (Listings 6.14, 6.16), 269-271
options hash, 267
presence (Listings 6.7 to 6.12), 266-269
with regular expressions (Listing 6.21), 275-277, 275t
validity testing (Listings 6.4 to 6.5), 264-265
Variable names, Sass style sheets, 224
Variables, Sass style sheets (Listings 5.8, 5.17), 223-227
vendor/assets directory, 218
Version control
application source code. See Git.
definition, 32
specifying a version range (Listings 1.1 to 1.5), 12-13
Vertical bars (||)
block variable indicator, 168
or operator, 157
Vertical bars, equal sign (||=), or equals
Vertical dots in code listings, 9
Views
cleaned up (Listings 3.36 to 3.38), 130-131
corresponding actions (Listings 3.9, 3.10), 107
embedded Ruby (Listings 3.31 to 3.40), 125-132
full_title helper function (Listings 4.2, 4.3, 4.11), 147-48, 162
Virtual attributes, 287
Visscher, Sjoerd, 196n
w[ ] technique, 272
WEBrick webserver, 359
where method (Listing 13.46), 634-635
Whitespace sensitivity, HTML, 120, 196n
will_paginate method
showing all users (Listings 10.44 to 10.46), 492-494
showing microposts (Listing 13.24), 620-621
Wireframes. See Mockups.
—without production option, 95
Workspaces
Rails Tutorial Cloud9, 10
Y
YAML (YAML Ain’t Markup Language), 305n
You have not declared a Ruby version, error message, 361
Z
Zero-offset arrays, 163