Symbols

Symbols

	Estimated variable
∼	Follows a specific distribution function, e.g. z ∼ F( · )
₀	Stochastic component of variable
	Mean value of variable
lim	Limit operator, e.g.
⊗	Kronecker product of two matrices
	Imaginary unit,
a	Vector
A	Matrix
I	Identity matrix
	Diagonal matrix
\|A\|	Determinant of A, N = M
\|\|a\|\|	Length of a,
\|\|A\|\|	Frobenius norm of A,
A^†	Generalized inverse of a matrix,
	A^†A = I if N > M or AA^† = I if N < M
	Orthogonal complement of column or row space of A,
	if N > M or if N < M
trace{A}	Trace of A, , N = M
E{ · }	Expectation operator, e.g. E{z} =
vec{A}	Vector representation of matrix,