List of Acronyms

AC/TC:
Algorithmic Complexity/Textual Complexity
AF:
Architecture Framework, found in many acronyms such as TOGAF (The Open Group Architecture Framework)
AU:
Active Unit; the indivisible core of a project team composed of 5–10 people
BPML/BPMN:
Business Process Modeling Language/Notation
C/CCAM:
Cybernetics or Control and Communication in the Animal and the Machine (founding work by N. Wiener)
C2/C3/C4ISR/C4ISTAR:
Acronyms used to represent the group of military functions designated by C4 (Command, Control, Communications, Computers), I (Military Intelligence) and STAR (Surveillance, Target Acquisition and Reconnaissance) and intended to allow coordination of operations
CCITT:
Consultative Committee for International Telephony and Telegraphy, until 1993. It deals with technical subjects and standardization, and has been replaced by the ITU-T
CERN:
European Organization for Nuclear Research
CMMI:
Capability Maturity Model Integration, reference model. A structured set of good engineering practices, from the work of W. Humphrey at the Software Engineering Institute created by the US/DoD
CMS:
Centralized Management System
COP:
Common Operational Picture, NATO terminology; virtual maps shared by C4ISTAR operators
COQ/CONQ:
Cost of Quality/Cost of Non-Quality
CQFD:
Cost, quality, reliability, lead time
CRUD/CRUDE:
Create, Retrieve, Update, Delete; the basic operations carried out by all data models (Data Retrieval), with E for Execute
DNA/ATCG:
Deoxyribonucleic acid and its four chemical bases
ECC:
Error Correction Code
EHV:
Extra High Voltage lines in the electricity grid, from 400 to 700,000 volts
ERA:
Entity Relationship Attribute, data modeling language
ESB:
Enterprise Service Bus, middleware for interconnection of all the IS in a company
FELIN:
French integrated infantryman equipment and communications; individual combat system for French infantrymen, developed by the French land army
FFRDC:
Federally Funded Research and Development Centers; network of research agencies directed by the US government
FURPSE:
Functionality, Usability, Reliability, Performance, Serviceability, Evolutivity; ISO/IEC terminology
GAFA/GAFAM:
Acronym grouping together the large Internet companies in the USA: Google, Apple, Facebook, Amazon, Microsoft
GPS:
Global Positioning System, constellation of satellites put in place by the US army
HFT:
High-Frequency Trading, of the order of a millisecond, developed by the finance and banking sector
IDEF:
Integration Definition; modeling language standardized by the US DoD
IEEE:
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers; with more than 400,000 members
INCOSE:
International Council on Systems Engineering
INES:
International Nuclear Event Scale, international classification scale of nuclear events; this includes seven risk levels
IoT:
The Internet of Things
IPC:
Inter Process Communication, layer of interfaces on which languages such as BPML are built
IS/ICS/OIS:
Information System/Information and Communication System/Operational Information System (in the field of defense and security)
ITER:
International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor
ITU:
International Telecommunications Union; UN level
LHC:
Large Hadron Collider; machine at the CERN where Higgs boson was first proven to exist and measured.
MEP:
Maximum Entropy Production
MERISE:
Method for evaluation and modeling by sub-sets used in business computing or for company systems; analysis method, of design and constitution of information systems, very widely used in France in the 1980s
MIB:
Management Information Base
MIPS/MFLOPS:
Millions of Instructions Per Second; FLOP for scientific instructions known as “floating-point operations”; characterizes the calculation power
MMI:
Man–machine interface
MTTF/MTTR:
Mean Time To Failure/Mean Time To Repair
NBIC/ICTS/ICT:
Nanotechnology, Biology, Information Technology, Cognitive science/Information and Communication Technologies and Sciences/Information and Communication Technologies
NCS:
Network Centric Systems, systems whose architectural core is the network
NTDS:
Navy Tactical Data System; first naval system for the US Navy
PAC:
Probably Approximately Correct (title of the book by L. Valiant)
PESTEL:
Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Ecological, Legal
PSTN:
Public Switched Telephone Network
QI:
Quantity of Information, using Shannon’s formula
RAS:
Reliability, Availability, Serviceability
SADT/SART:
Structured Analysis and Design Techniques (Real Time); basis of the IDEF language
SAGE:
Semi-Automatic Ground Environment; ancestor of all air traffic control systems
SCADA:
Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition/Data control and acquisition system; all C4ISTAR systems have an SCADA for their periphery
SCCOA:
French surveillance and command system for aerial operations
SENIT:
French naval tactical information exploitation system; derived from the US NTDS
SLA:
Service-Level Agreement; service contract
SoS:
System of Systems
STRIDA:
French system for processing and representing aerial defense information; derived from the SAGE system
SysML:
Systems Modeling Language; extension based on UML
TCO:
Total Cost of Ownership; in project management
TOGAF:
Architecture frame advocated by the Open Group
TPS:
Transactions Per Second; measures the flow rate of a system, in the number of interactions per second
UML:
Unified Modeling Language; advocated by the Object Management Group
U, S, E:
User, System, Engineering; Simondon’s triplet
VHDL:
Very High Description Language, for description of VLSI, inspired by Ada, including parallelism
VLSI/LSI:
Very Large Scale Integration, from the 1990s onwards when the number of transistors per chip entered the tens of millions
XML/SGML:
Extended Markup Language, successor of Standard Generalized Markup Language, which appeared along with the Internet and the World Wide Web
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