Index
3D television 25–27, 29, 215–217
4K television 25, 27–28, 29, 217
4–8K 3D television 29
A
action: cameras 94, 155–156; circular 160, 161; continuous action sports 153, 155; flow 148; horizontal 158–159, 161; stop-and-go sports 149–153; types of 148; vertical 158–160, 161
all-in-one production units 53–56
anchoring 188
announcers 179–188; broadcast booths 183–184, 185; clichés 183; interviews 184, 186–187; play-by-play 179; research 180–182; spotters 187; see also commentators
associate producers 9
audio area, remote trucks 46, 47
audio connectors 134
audio production 103–122; audio levels 105; communications systems 119, 121; field kit 106; gamestime audio 117–118; microphones 105–118; prerecorded 121–122; stereo audio 103–104; surround sound 104–105; terminology 119; troubleshooting 120
B
Baird, John Logie 218
boundary microphones 111
broadcasting milestones 209–218
budgeting: balancing budget 39; case study 201–205; crew costs 203; equipment rental 201–203; operational costs 203–204; remote productions 201–205; rough budget 204–205
C
Cablecam 82
cables/cabling 133–134, 135, 198
camera jib/crane 79
camera-mounted microphones 114–115
cameras 73–95; action 94, 155–156; assigning 163–165; blocking notes 167–169; caring for 95; composition of shots 93–94; directing 163–166, 175–177; lens moves 90–91; movements 89–91; Olympia documentary 212; operators 11, 12, 165–166; placement 75–76, 163–165; preproduction meetings 134–135, 140; setup checklist 88; shading 169; shooting sports 93; shots 88–89, 93–94, 156; types 76–84
closed-circuit television 209–210
color television 214
commentators 101, 111, 212; see also announcers
communication devices 56
communications systems 119, 121
complex all-in-one production units 55–56
condenser microphones 106
contact microphones 109
contacts at venue 64
continuous action sports 153, 155
coordinating producers 8
costs: location 65; see also budgeting
coverage: audience needs 161–162; design 161–162; facilities and 163; following the ball 161–162; Internet 217; limited space 157–158
crew, production 7–11, 20, 169–170, 203
customized second screens 35
D
digital platforms 217
digital processing microphones 110
directing 171–177; cameras 163–166, 175–177; director’s storyteller role 173–175; equipment enhancement 174–175; graphics 169; pumping 152–153; remote productions 148–150; replays 166, 170; scoring emphases 151–152; show business techniques 172–173; stop-and-go action 149–150; storytelling 171–177; style 162–163; symphony analogy 175–177; understanding story 172
directors: good directors 175; homework 173–174; job descriptions 9–11; personal comments 154; slang 153; storyteller role 173–175; viewer considerations 174
dominant players 157
dust and camera care 95
E
electronic field production (EFP) cameras 76–77
electronic still store operators 12
emotional involvement 156
equipment: enhancement 174–175; historical aspects 214–215; rental 201–203; setup 133, 140; see also cameras; microphones
F
Farnsworth, Philo T. 218
field loggers 16
fixed cameras 76
fixed microphones 115
floor managers 10
flypack mobile production units 52–53
4K television 25, 27–28, 29, 217
G
Global Positioning System (GPS) technology 129
graphics 123–130; directing 169–170; goals 124–126; helpful tips 126; new technologies 130; operators 14; preparing for events 126; viewer enhancement tools 127–130
H
handheld microphones 107, 114, 118
hard cameras 76
hazardous areas 199
headset microphones 107
hearing protection 196
Helivision camera mount 214
high definition television (HDTV) 25, 27, 215
holograms of events 30
horizontal action 158–159, 161
I
illustrative graphics 124
image quality control 41
individual sports 156
Internet coverage 217
Intersync accessory 214
inventors of television 218
IT structure, remote trucks 48–49
L
lifting weights 196
lighting 97–101; commentators 101; concerns 98; night lighting 100; sport types 98; venues 97–100
lip ribbon microphones 111
live coverage, first 212
live streaming 216
live-to-record productions 190
live-to-tape recording 4
location costs 65
location sketches 71
M
maintenance engineers 15
master stations 121
“Matrix” style camera systems 92
microphones 105–118; accessories 112–114; phantom power 112; pickup patterns 105; placement 114–117; sound-generating elements 105–106; types 106–112
milestones in broadcasting 209–218; color television events 214; development of TV 215–218; equipment 214–215; first sports events 210–214; key dates 209–217; replays 214
mini point-of-view (POV) camera 79–80
mobile production units 41–57; all-in-one units 53–56; communication devices 56; flypack units 52–53; remote trucks 43–50; virtual production 51–52
MobiTV 216
multiplatform television 22–24
N
NBC Sports 191
night lighting 100
noise-cancelling ribbon lip microphones 111
O
Olympia documentary 212
omnidirectional pickup patterns 105
operations producers 10
outside broadcasting 210–211; see also remote…
P
parabolic dishes 113
personnel 7–20; freelance 16–18; organizational chart 17; production crew 169–170
phantom microphones 112
pickup patterns, microphones 105
placement: cameras 75–76, 163–165; microphones 114–117
play-by-play announcers 179
point-of-view (POV) cameras 79–80, 84
pole cameras 82
postproduction 189–194; editing guidelines 191–194; NBC Sports example 191; purposes 189
preproduction 131–143; cabling 133–134, 135; camera meetings 134–135, 140; equipment setup 133, 140; facilities check 140–141; production meetings 131; rehearsals 142; schedules 141–142; setup 131–143; show formats 131–133
pressure zone microphones 111
producers, job descriptions 7–9
production 147–170; action flow 148; audio 103–122; cameras 155–157, 163–166; continuous action sports 153, 155; coverage design 161–162; crew 7–11, 20, 169–170, 203; directing 148–153, 162–166, 169–170; dominant players 157; emotional involvement 156; facilities and coverage 163; goals 61–62; graphics, directing 169–170; horizontal/ vertical/circular action 158–161; limited coverage space 157–158; live/live-to-record productions 190; mobile units 41–57; planning 61–72; preproduction 131–143; pumping 152–153; replays, directing 166, 170; safety 195–199; scoring, emphasis on 151–152; shading cameras 169; stop-and-go sports 149–153; style of directing 162–163; team/individual sports 156; types of action 148; see also remote productions
production area, remote trucks 47
production coordinators 10
production planning 61–72; backup plans 71–72; contacts at venue 64; coordination meetings 62–63; electrical power 65; goals 61–62; list of considerations 65, 67; location costs 65; location sketches 71; program transmission 67–69; remote surveys 63–66; significant aspects 71; venue access 65
R
RACEf/x 129
rail cameras 77
recording area, remote trucks 47–48
recording devices 41
remote productions 1–57; budgeting 201–205; production 147–150
remote truck mobile units 43–50; audio area 47; early unit 1939–1940 213; four parts of 46; future of 44; inside 47–49; inventory 50; outside 49
replay assistant director 11
replay operators 14
ribbon microphones 111
riggers 13
robotic cameras 84
runners 15
S
safety 195–199; cables 198; electrical power 196–197; hazardous areas 199; hearing protection 196; heights 198–199; lifting weights 196; during production 195–199; trips/slips 196; weather 198
satellite transmission 69–70, 215
second screens 31–37; case studies 36–37; customization 35; features list 32, 35; good screens 32–37; partnerships 36–37
setup 131–143; cameras 88; equipment setup 133, 140; schedules 141
shading cameras 169
shock mounts for microphones 115
shocks, camera care 95
shotgun microphones 107
shots, camera 88–89, 93–94, 156
show business techniques 172–173
simple all-in-one production units 53–55
Skycam 82
slo-mo operators 14
slow motion cameras 80
speciality microphones 111
Spidercam 82
stabilized cameras 82
stage managers 10
statisticians 11
Super Hi-Vision television 28–29; see also 8K television
super slow motion cameras 80
surround sound 104–105, 109–110
swiveling mirrors 211
T
tape operators 14
team sports 156
teamwork 19
technical director 11
technical managers 15
telecom managers 15
television 21–30; definition 21–22; formats 25–29; future aspects 29–30; how it is changing 24–25; multiplatform 22–24; platform integration 23–24; see also individual types
tracking cameras 77
transmission manager 15
transposition replay systems 129
troubleshooting audio 120
U
Ultra High Definition television (UHDTV) 27–28, 216–217; see also 4K television
unidirectional pickup patterns 105
unit managers 10
utilities 13
V
venue access 65
vibration, camera care 95
video connectors 135
video control area, remote trucks 48
video librarians 14
video operators 14
videotape area, remote trucks 47–48
viewer enhancement tools 127–130
virtual information graphics 128
virtual remote production 51–52
W
water, camera care 95
weights, lifting 196
windscreens 114