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by Joel J. Orosz
The Insider's Guide to Grantmaking: How Foundations Find, Fund, and Manage Effective Programs
Cover Page
Publication Sponsored by the W. K. Kellogg Foundation
Title Page
Copyright
Dedication
Contents
Preface
An Inside View of Professional Practice
Overview of the Contents
Acknowledgments
The Author
Prologue: Foundations—Their History, Structure, and Societal Role
Foundation History in the United States
The Prototypical Private Foundations: Carnegie and Rockefeller
The Flowering of Foundations
The Tax Reform Act of 1969
Foundations: Their Types and Structure
Foundations: Their Societal Role
Foundations: The Role of the Program Officer
Chapter One: Making Sense of the Grantmaking Universe
Choosing a Grantmaking Style
Choosing a Mode of Operation
Choosing a Public Profile
Setting Grantmaking Priorities
The Five Steps in Setting Priorities
Conclusion
Chapter Two: Grantmaking: The Human Factor
The Temptations of Philanthropy
A Grantseeker's Bill of Rights
What Qualities Should Grantmakers Possess?
Conclusion
Chapter Three: Building Relationships with Applicants
Grantmaking: A Relational Enterprise
Communicating Requirements with Clarity
Telephone Calls and Meetings with Applicants
Project File Documentation
Relations with Colleagues
Conclusion
Chapter Four: Reviewing Proposals
Typology of Proposals
Relationship of the Idea to the Proposal
Contract Grantwriters
Sentry or Steward?
Twelve Characteristics of a Good Proposal
Continuation and Evaluation
The Budget
Assessing Organizational Capacity
Conclusion
Chapter Five: Declining Proposals
The Four Reasons to Decline a Proposal
Rhetoric Versus Reality
Traps for the Unwary Program Officer
Character and Clarity in Declines
Grantseeker Complaints, Grantmaker Responses
The Problem of the Persistent Proposer
Conclusion
Chapter Six: Responding to Proposals
Keeping Applicants' Expectations in Check
Initial Review of Proposals
The Questions and Concerns Letter
The Q&C Format
Crafting the Questions and Concerns
Coaching the Applicant
Sample Q&Cs: Serious and Humorous
Grantseeker Responses to Q&Cs
Conclusion
Chapter Seven: Site Visits
To Visit or Not to Visit, That Is the Question
The Inevitability of Rising Expectations
Timing of the Site Visit
Setting the Agenda
Public and Private Conversations
Signs of Trouble
Field Notes and Follow-Up
Declining Requests After Site Visits
Using Consultants for Site Visits
Conclusion
Chapter Eight: Writing the Funding Document
Writing the Funding Document
Secrets of Successful Funding Documents
Do's and Don'ts
Do's
Don'ts
Conclusion
Chapter Nine: Presenting the Funding Document
Strategies for Presentations
Presentation Home Runs and Third Rails
Fielding Questions
After the Q&A Session
Relationships Between You and the Board Members
Conclusion
Chapter Ten: Managing the Project
Project Management: The Possible and the Practical
Management Pitfalls
Techniques of Grants Management
Types of Technical Assistance
Use and Misuse of Consultants
Withholding Payments and Terminating Grants
Exit Strategy
Conclusion
Chapter Eleven: Closing the Project
To Renew or Not to Renew?
Making Sense of Grantee Reports
Closing Summary Statement
Making Use of Lessons Learned
Conclusion
Chapter Twelve: Leveraging Impact
Increasing Impact Before the Project Is Funded
Increasing Impact While the Project Is Active
Increasing Impact After the Project Is Closed
Conclusion
Chapter Thirteen: Influencing Policy
Foundation Phobias Regarding Public Policy
What Foundations Cannot Do
What Foundations Can Do
What Nonprofits Cannot Do
What Nonprofits Can Do
Types of Policy Impacts
Overt Ideology Versus Ideological Neutrality
Creating a Policy Framework
Developing a Public Policy Message
The Relational Nature of Policy Work
Using Policy to Leverage Impact
Public Policy and Public Will
Conclusion
Chapter Fourteen: Initiative-Based Grantmaking
Initiatives: Pros and Cons
Starting the Initiative
The Integrated Action Plan
The Integrated Action Plan: One Model
The Logic Model
Request for Proposals
Strategic Communications
Special Management Challenges of Initiatives
Conclusion
Chapter Fifteen: The Ethics of Grantmaking
Avoiding the Seven Deadly Sins of Philanthropy
Conclusion
Epilogue: The Future of Formal Philanthropy
Big Bull Market Boosts Foundations
Diversity and Foundations
Intergenerational Transfer of Wealth
Threats on the Horizon
Philanthropy as Social Venture Capital
The Future of Philanthropy
Conclusion
References
Bibliography
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