Figures

Figure 1.1: Dynamics of Components of Culture of Innovation

Figure 2.1: Life Cycle of Radically New Products in the United States

Figure 2.2: Rate of Technological Evolution

Figure 2.3: Technological Evolution in Six Markets

Figure 2.4: Annual Market Capitalization of Sony and Apple After Launch of iPod

Figure 2.5: Annual Market Cap of Eastman Kodak 1996– 2011 (US$ Millions)

Figure 2.6: Annual Sales of Digital and Analog Cameras (Million Units)

Figure 2.7: Gillette's Brand Cannibalization in the Wet Shaving Market

Figure 3.1: Innovation's Loss Function

Figure 3.2: Amazon's Losses Relative to Sales Over Time

Figure 3.3: Early Growth of Federal Express

Figure 4.1: Typical Growth in Sales of Radically New Product

Figure 4.2: Change in Hazard of Takeoff at Three Rates of Annual Price Drop

Figure 4.3: Technological Evolution in Auto Batteries

Figure 6.1: The Market for Talent

Figure 8.1: Size of Firms Introducing Radical Innovations by Time Period

Figure 8.2: Technology Evolution in Printers

Figure 8.3: Effects of Alternate Variables on Innovativeness of Firms

Tables

Table 1.1: Examples of Multiple Changes in Market Leadership

Table 2.1: Defining Levels of Technology Innovation

Table 2.2: Emergence of Dimensions by Market Across Time

Table 3.1: Payoff to Radical Innovations

Table 3.2: Innovation's Gain-Loss Tradeoff

Table 3.3: Real and Opportunity Costs from Type 2 Errors (Missed Opportunities)

Table 3.4: Awards for Prius

Table 4.1: Takeoff of New Products by Country

Table 4.2: Price Points at Which Some Radically New Products Took Off in the United States

Table 4.3: Studies of Users Building Own Solutions

Table 6.1: Classification of Organizations by Degree of Internal Markets

Table 6.2: Criteria for Setting Up Internal Markets

Table 8.1: Countries and Firms Sampled

Table 8.2: Productivity of Patents in Sony and Apple in 2006

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