References

 

 

Aerts, M., Geys, H., Molenberghs, G., Ryan, L.M. (2002). Topics in Modeling of Clustered Data. London: Chapman and Hall.

Afifi, A., Elashoff, R. (1966). Missing observations in multivariate statistics I: Review of the literature. Journal of the American Statistical Association 61, 595–604.

Agresti, A. (2001). Exact inference for categorical data: Recent advances and continuing controversies. Statistics in Medicine 20, 2709–2722.

Agresti, A. (2002). Categorical Data Analysis. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley.

Agresti, A., Hartzel, J. (2000). Strategies for comparing treatments on a binary response with multi-centre data. Statistics in Medicine 19, 1115–1139.

Allison, P.D. (1995). Survival Analysis Using the SAS System. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.

Altham, P.M.E. (1984). Improving the precision of estimation by fitting a model. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B 46, 118–119.

Andersen, P.K., Klein, J.P., Zhang, M. (1999). Testing for centre effects in multi-centre survival studies: A Monte Carlo comparison of fixed and random effects tests. Statistics in Medicine 18, 1489–1500.

Armitage, P., McPherson, C.K., Rowe, B.C. (1969). Repeated significance tests on accumulating data. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A 132, 235–244.

Ashford, J.R., Sowden, R.R. (1970). Multivariate probit analysis. Biometrics 26, 535–546.

Azzalini, A., Cox, D.R. (1984). Two new tests associated with analysis of variance. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B 46, 335–343.

Bahadur, R.R. (1961). A representation of the joint distribution of responses to n dichotomous items. Studies in Item Analysis and Prediction. Solomon, H. (editor). Stanford Mathematical Studies in the Social Sciences VI. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

Bancroft, T.A. (1968). Topics in Intermediate Statistical Methods. Ames, Iowa: Iowa State University Press. Bauer, P. (1991). Multiple testings in clinical trials. Statistics in Medicine 10, 871–890.

Bauer, P., Röhmel, J., Maurer, W., Hothorn, L. (1998). Testing strategies in multi-dose experiments including active control. Statistics in Medicine 17, 2133–2146.

Beach, M.L., Meier, P. (1989). Choosing covariates in the analysis of clinical trials. Controlled Clinical Trials 10, 161S–175S.

Benjamini, Y., Hochberg, Y. (1995). Controlling the false discovery rate: A new and powerful approach to multiple testing. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B 57, 1289–1300.

Benjamini, Y., Hochberg, Y. (1997). Multiple hypothesis-testing and weights. Scandinavian Journal of Statistics 24, 407–418.

Berger, R.L. (1982). Multiparameter hypothesis-testing and acceptance sampling. Technometrics 24, 295–300.

Berger, R.L. (1997). Likelihood ratio tests and intersection-union tests. Advances in Statistical Decision Theory and Applications. Panchepakesan, S., Balakrishnan, N. (editors). Boston: Birkhauser.

Berkey, C. S., Dockery, D. W., Wang, X., Wypij, D., Ferris, B. (1993). Longitudinal height velocity standards for U.S. adolescents. Statistics in Medicine 12, 403–414.

Bernardo, M.V.P., Ibrahim, J.G. (2000). Group sequential designs for cure rate models with early stopping in favour of the null hypothesis. Statistics in Medicine 19, 3023–3035.

Betensky, R.A. (1997). Early stopping to accept H 0 based on conditional power: Approximations and comparisons. Biometrics 53, 794–806.

Birch, M.W. (1964). The detection of partial association I. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B 26, 313–324.

Bonney, G.E. (1987). Logistic regression for dependent binary observations. Biometrics 43, 951–973.

Breiman, L., Friedman, J.H., Olshen, R.A., Stone, C.J. (1984). Classification and Regression Trees. Belmont, CA: Wadsworth.

Breslow, N. (1970). A generalized Kruskal-Wallis test for comparing K samples subject to unequal patterns of censorship. Biometrika 57, 579–594.

Breslow, N. (1974). Covariance analysis of censored survival data. Biometrics 30, 89–99.

Breslow, N. (1981). Odds ratio estimators when the data are sparse. Biometrika 68, 73–84.

Breslow, N.E., Clayton, D.G. (1993). Approximate inference in generalized linear mixed models. Journal of the American Statistical Association 88, 9–25.

Breslow, N.E., Day, N.E. (1980). Statistical Methods in Cancer Research. Volume 1: The Analysis of Case-Control Studies. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer.

Brown, B.W., Russell, K. (1997). Methods correcting for multiple testing: Operating characteristics. Statistics in Medicine 16, 2511–2528.

Buck, S.F. (1960). A method of estimation of missing values in multivariate data suitable for use with an electronic computer. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B 22, 302–306.

Cantor, A. (1997). Extending SAS Survival Analysis Techniques for Medical Research. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.

Chakravorti, S.R., Grizzle, J.E. (1975). Analysis of data from multiclinic experiments. Biometrics 31, 325–338.

Chang, W.H., Chuang-Stein, C. (2004). Type I error and power in trials with one interim futility analysis. Pharmaceutical Statistics 3, 51–59.

Chi, E.M., Reinsel, G.C. (1989). Models for longitudinal data with random effects and AR(1) errors. Journal of the American Statistical Association 84, 452–459.

Chi, G.Y.H. (1998). Multiple testings: Multiple comparisons and multiple endpoints. Drug Information Journal 32, 1347S–1362S.

Chinchilli, V.M., Bortey, E.B. (1991). Testing for consistency in a single multicenter trial. Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics 1, 67–80.

Chuang-Stein, C. (1998). Safety analysis in controlled clinical trials. Drug Information Journal 32, 1363S–1372S.

Chuang-Stein, C., Tong, D.M. (1995). Multiple comparisons procedures for comparing several treatments with a control based on binary data. Statistics in Medicine 14, 2509–2522.

Ciminera, J.L., Heyse, J.F., Nguyen, H.H., Tukey, J.W. (1993). Tests for qualitative treatment-by-centre interaction using a “pushback” procedure. Statistics in Medicine 12, 1033–1045.

Cochran, W.G. (1954a). The combination of estimates from different experiments. Biometrics 10, 101–129.

Cochran, W.G. (1954b). Some methods for strengthening the common χ 2 tests. Biometrics 10, 417–451.

Cochran, W.G. (1983). Planning and Analysis of Observational Studies. New York: Wiley.

Coe, P.R., Tamhane, A.C. (1993). Small sample confidence intervals for the difference, ratio, and odds ratio of two success probabilities. Communications in Statistics (Simulation and Computation) 22, 925–938.

Collett, D. (1994). Modelling Survival Data in Medical Research. London: Chapman and Hall.

Cowles, M.K., Carlin, B.P., Connett, J.E. (1996). Bayesian tobit modeling of longitudinal ordinal clinical trial compliance data with nonignorable missingness. Journal of the American Statistical Association 91, 86–98.

Cox, D.R. (1958). Two further applications of a model for binary regression. Biometrika 45, 562–565.

Cox, D.R. (1972). Regression models and life-tables. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B 34, 187–220.

Cox, D.R., Oakes, D.O. (1984). Analysis of Survival Data. London: Chapman and Hall.

D’Agostino, R.B. (2000). Controlling alpha in clinical trials: The case for secondary endpoints. Statistics in Medicine 19, 763–766.

Dale, J.R. (1986). Global cross-ratio models for bivariate, discrete, ordered responses. Biometrics 42, 909–917.

Davis, B.R., Hardy, R.J. (1990). Upper bounds for type I and type II error rates in conditional power calculations. Communications in Statistics, Part A 19, 3571–3584.

Day, N.E., Byar, D.P. (1979). Testing hypotheses in case-control studies: Equivalence of Mantel-Haenszel statistics and logit score tests. Biometrics 35, 623–630.

DeMets, D.L., Lan, K.K.G. (1984). An overview of sequential methods and their application in clinical trials. Communications in Statistics, Part A 13, 2315–2338.

DeMets, D.L., Ware, J.H. (1980). Group sequential methods for clinical trials with a one-sided hypothesis. Biometrika 67, 651–660.

Dempster, A.P., Laird, N.M., Rubin, D.B. (1977). Maximum likelihood from incomplete data via the EM algorithm (with discussion). Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B 39, 1–38.

Dempster, A.P., Rubin, D.B. (1983). Overview. Incomplete Data in Sample Surveys, Vol. II: Theory and Annotated Bibliography. Madow, W.G., Olkin, I., Rubin, D.B. (editors). New York: Academic Press.

Denne, J.S., Koch, G.G. (2002). A sequential procedure for studies comparing multiple doses. Pharmaceutical Statistics 1, 107–118.

Diggle, P.J. (1988). An approach to the analysis of repeated measures. Biometrics 44, 959–971.

Diggle, P.J., Heagerty, P.J., Liang, K.-Y., Zeger, S.L. (2002). Analysis of Longitudinal Data. 2nd ed. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Diggle, P.J., Kenward, M.G. (1994). Informative drop-out in longitudinal data analysis (with discussion). Applied Statistics 43, 49–93.

Diggle, P.J., Liang, K.-Y., Zeger, S.L. (1994). Analysis of Longitudinal Data. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Dmitrienko, A. (2003a). Covariate-adjusted reference intervals for diagnostic data. Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics 13, 191–208.

Dmitrienko, A. (2003b). Modeling paired categorical outcomes in clinical trials. Pharmaceutical Statistics 2, 279–289.

Dmitrienko, A., Govindarajulu, Z. (2000). Sequential confidence regions for maximum likelihood estimates. Annals of Statistics 28, 1472–1501.

Dmitrienko, A., Offen, W., Westfall, P.H. (2003). Gatekeeping strategies for clinical trials that do not require all primary effects to be significant. Statistics in Medicine 22, 2387–2400.

Dmitrienko, A., Sides, G., Winters, K., Kovacs, R., Eisenberg, P., Groh, W. (2005). Electrocardiogram reference ranges derived from a standardized clinical trial population. Drug Information Journal 39, 395-406.

Dmitrienko, A., Smith, B. (2002). Analysis of QT interval in clinical trials. Drug Information Journal 36, 269–279.

Dmitrienko, A., Wang, M.D. (2006). Bayesian predictive approach to interim monitoring in clinical trials. Statistics in Medicine 25, 2178-2195.

Dunnett, C.W. (1955). A multiple comparison procedure for comparing several treatments with a control. Journal of the American Statistical Association 50, 1096–1121.

Dunnett, C.W., Tamhane, A.C. (1992). A step-up multiple test procedure. Journal of the American Statistical Association 87, 162–170.

Dunnett, C.W., Tamhane, A.C. (1995). Step-up multiple testing of parameters with unequally correlated estimates. Biometrics 51, 217–227.

Efron, B. (1977). The efficiency of Cox’s likelihood function for censored data. Journal of the American Statistical Association 72, 557–565.

Efron, B. (1979). Bootstrap methods: Another look at the jackknife. Annals of Statistics 7, 1–26.

Efron, B., Tibshirani, R. (1993). An Introduction to the Bootstrap. New York: Chapman and Hall.

Ekholm, A. (1991). Algorithms versus models for analyzing data that contain misclassification errors. Biometrics 47, 1171–1182.

Ellenberg, S.S., Fleming, T.R., DeMets, D.L. (2002). Data Monitoring Committees in Clinical Trials: A Practical Perspective. New York: Wiley.

Emerson, S.S., Fleming, T.R. (1989). Symmetric group sequential test designs. Biometrics 45, 905–923. Emerson, S.S., Fleming, T.R. (1990). Parameter estimation following group sequential hypothesis testing. Biometrica 77, 875–892.

Enas G.G., Dornseif B.E., Sampson C.B., Rockhold F.W., Wuu J. (1989). Monitoring versus interim analysis of clinical trials: Perspective from the pharmaceutical industry. Controlled Clinical Trials 10, 57–70.

Fahrmeir, L., Tutz, G. (2002). Multivariate Statistical Modeling Based on Generalized Linear Models. 2nd ed. Springer Series in Statistics. New York: Springer-Verlag.

Fan, J., Hu, T.C., Truong, Y.K. (1994). Robust nonparametric function estimation. Scandinavian Journal of Statistics 21, 433–446.

Faries, D., Herrera, J., Rayamajhi, J., DeBrota, D., Demitrack, M., Potter, W.Z. (2000). The responsiveness of the Hamilton depression rating scale. Journal of Psychiatric Research 34, 3–10.

Felson, D.T., Anderson, J.J., Boers, M., Bombardier, C., Furst, D., Goldsmith, C., Katz, L.N., Lightfoot, R. Jr., Paulus, H., Strand, V., Tugwell, P., Weinblatt, M., Williams, H.J., Wolfe, F., Kieszak, S. (1995). American College of Rheumatology preliminary definition of improvement in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis and Rheumatology 38, 727–735.

Fleiss, J.L. (1981). Statistical Methods for Rates and Proportions. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley.

Fleiss, J.L. (1986). Analysis of data from multiclinic trials. Controlled Clinical Trials 7, 267–275.

Fleiss, J.L. (1986). The Design and Analysis of Clinical Experiments. New York: Wiley.

Follmann, D. (1995). Multivariate tests for multiple endpoints in clinical trials. Statistics in Medicine 14, 1163–1175.

Follmann, D. (1996). A simple multivariate test for one-sided alternatives. Journal of the American Statistical Association 91, 854–861.

Ford, I., Norrie, J., Ahmadi, S. (1995). Model inconsistency, illustrated by the Cox proportional hazards model. Statistics in Medicine 14, 735–746.

Freedman, L.S., Spiegelhalter, D.J. (1983). The assessment of the subjective opinion and its use in relation to stopping rules for clinical trials. The Statistician 32, 153–160.

Friedman, L.M., Furberg, C.D., DeMets, D.L. (1996). Fundamentals of Clinical Trials. St. Louis: Mosby-Year Book.

Gail, M.H., Lubin, J.H., Rubinstein, L.V. (1981). Likelihood calculations for matched case-control studies and survival studies with tied death times. Biometrika 68, 703–707.

Gail, M.H., Simon, R. (1985). Testing for qualitative interactions between treatment effects and patient subsets. Biometrics 41, 361–372.

Gail, M.H., Tan, W.Y., Piantadosi, S. (1988). Tests for no treatment effect in randomized clinical trials. Biometrika 75, 57–64.

Gail, M.H., Wieand, S., Piantadosi, S. (1984). Biased estimates of treatment effect in randomized experiments with nonlinear regressions and omitted covariates. Biometrika 71, 431–444.

Gallo, P.P. (2000). Center-weighting issues in multicenter clinical trials. Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics 10, 145–163.

Gastwirth, J.L. (1985). The use of maximin efficiency robust tests in combining contingency tables and survival analysis. Journal of the American Statistical Association 80, 380–384.

Gehan, E.A. (1965). A generalized Wilcoxon test for comparing arbitrary singly censored samples. Biometrika 52, 203–223.

Geisser, S. (1992). On the curtailment of sampling. Canadian Journal of Statistics 20, 297–309.

Geisser, S., Johnson, W. (1994). Interim analysis for normally distributed observables. In Multivariate Analysis and Its Applications. IMS Lecture Notes, 263–279.

George, E.O., Bowman, D. (1995). A full likelihood procedure for analysing exchangeable binary data. Biometrics 51, 512–523.

Geys, H., Molenberghs, G., Lipsitz, S.R. (1998). A note on the comparison of pseudo-likelihood and generalized estimating equations for marginal odds ratio models. Journal of Statistical Computation and Simulation 62, 45–72.

Gilula, Z., Haberman, S. (1994). Conditional log-linear models for analyzing categorical panel data. Journal of the American Statistical Association 89, 645–656.

Glonek, G.F.V., McCullagh, P. (1995). Multivariate logistic models. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B 81, 477–482.

Goldberg, J.D., Koury, K.J. (1990). Design and analysis of multicenter trials. Statistical Methodology in the Pharmaceutical Sciences. Berry, D.A. (editor). New York: Marcel Dekker.

Gönen, M., Westfall, P.H., Johnson, W.O. (2003). Bayesian multiple testing for two-sample multivariate endpoints. Biometrics 59, 76–82.

Gould, A.L. (1998). Multi-center trial analysis revisited. Statistics in Medicine 17, 1779–1797.

Greenland, S., Robins, J.M. (1985). Estimation of a common effect parameter from sparse follow-up data. Biometrics 41, 55–68.

Hájek, J., Šidák, Z. (1967). Theory of Rank Tests. New York: Academic Press.

Halperin, M., Lan, K.K.G., Ware, J.H., Johnson, N.J., DeMets, D.L. (1982). An aid to data monitoring in long-term clinical trials. Controlled Clinical Trials 3, 311–323.

Hamilton, M. (1967). Development of a rating scale for primary depressive illness. British Journal of Clinical Psychology 6, 278–296.

Harrington, D.P., Fleming, T.R. (1982). A class of rank test procedures for censored survival data. Biometrika 69, 553–566.

Hartley, H.O., Hocking, R. (1971). The analysis of incomplete data. Biometrics 27, 7783–7808.

Hartley, H.O., Rao, J.N.K. (1967). Maximum-likelihood estimation for the mixed analysis of variance model. Biometrika 54, 93–108.

Hastie, T., Tibshirani, R. (1990). Generalized Additive Models. New York: Chapman and Hall.

Herson, J. (1979). Predictive probability early termination plans for Phase II clinical trials. Biometrics 35, 775–783.

Heyting, A., Tolboom, J., Essers, J. (1992). Statistical handling of dropouts in longitudinal clinical trials. Statistics in Medicine 11, 2043–2061.

Hochberg, Y. (1988). A sharper Bonferroni procedure for multiple significance testing. Biometrika 75, 800–802.

Hochberg, Y., Benjamini, Y. (1990). More powerful procedures for multiple significance testing. Statistics in Medicine 9, 811–818.

Hochberg, Y., Rom, D. (1995). Extensions of multiple testing procedures based on Simes’ test. Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference 48, 141–152.

Hochberg, Y., Tamhane, A.C. (1987). Multiple Comparison Procedures. New York: Wiley.

Holland, B.S., Copenhaver, M.D. (1987). An improved sequentially rejective Bonferroni test procedure. Biometrics 43, 417–423. Correction in Biometrics 43, 737.

Holland, P.W., Welsch, R.E. (1977). Robust regression using iteratively reweighted least-squares. Communications in Statistics Series A 6, 813–828.

Hollander, M., Wolfe, D.A. (1999). Nonparametric Statistical Method. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley.

Holm, S. (1979). A simple sequentially rejective multiple test procedure. Scandinavian Journal of Statistics 6, 65–70.

Hommel, G. (1983). Test of the overall hypothesis for arbitrary dependence structures. Biometrical Journal 25, 423–430.

Hommel, G. (1986). Multiple test procedures for arbitrary dependence structures. Metrika 33, 321–336.

Hommel, G. (1988). A stagewise rejective multiple procedure based on a modified Bonferroni test. Biometrika 75, 383–386.

Hommel, G. (1989). A comparison of two modified Bonferroni procedures. Biometrika 76, 624–625.

Hosmane, B., Shu, V., Morris, D. (1994). Finite sample properties of van Elteren test. ASA Proceedings of the Biopharmaceutical Section, 430–434.

Hsu, J.C. (1996). Multiple Comparisons: Theory and Methods. London: Chapman and Hall.

Hsu, J.C., Berger, R.L. (1999). Stepwise confidence intervals without multiplicity adjustment for dose-response and toxicity studies. Journal of the American Statistical Association 94, 468–482.

Huque, M. F., Sankoh, A. J. (1997). A reviewer’s perspective on multiple endpoint issues in clinical trials. Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics 7, 545–564.

Hwang, I.K., Shih, W.J., DeCani, J.S. (1990). Group sequential designs using a family of type I error probability spending functions. Statistics in Medicine 9, 1439–1445.

Jennison, C., Turnbull, B.W. (1989). Interim analysis: The repeated confidence interval approach. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B 51, 305–361.

Jennison, C., Turnbull, B.W. (1990). Statistical approaches to interim monitoring of medical trials: A review and commentary. Statistical Science 5, 299–317.

Jennison, C., Turnbull, B.W. (2000). Group Sequential Methods with Applications to Clinical Trials. Boca Raton: Chapman and Hall/CRC.

Jennrich, R.I., Schluchter, M.D. (1986). Unbalanced repeated measures models with structured covariance matrices. Biometrics 42, 805–820.

Johns, D., Anderson, J.S. (1999). Use of predictive probabilities in Phase II and Phase III clinical trials. Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics 9, 67–79.

Jones, B., Teather, D., Wang, J., Lewis, J.A. (1998). A comparison of various estimators of a treatment difference for a multi-centre clinical trial. Statistics in Medicine 17, 1767–1777.

Kalbfleisch, J.D., Prentice, R.L. (1973). Marginal likelihoods based on Cox’s regression and life model. Biometrika 60, 267–278.

Kalbfleisch, J.D., Prentice, R.L. (1980). The Statistical Analysis of Failure Time Data. New York: Wiley.

Kallen, A. (1997). Treatment-by-center interaction: What is the issue? Drug Information Journal 31, 927–936.

Kenward, M.G., Molenberghs, G. (1998). Likelihood-based frequentist inference when data are missing at random. Statistical Science 12, 236–247.

Kim, K., DeMets, D.L. (1987). Design and analysis of group sequential tests based on the type I error spending rate function. Biometrika 74, 149–154.

Kling, Y., Benjamini, Y. (2002). A cost-based approach to multiplicity control. Unpublished manuscript.

Knaus, W.A., Draper, E.A., Wagner, D.P., Zimmerman, J.E. (1985). APACHE II: A severity of disease classification system. Critical Care Medicine 13, 818–829.

Koch, G.G., Amara, I.A., Davis, G.W., Gillings, D.B. (1982). A review of some statistical methods for covariance analysis of categorical data. Biometrics 38, 563–595.

Koch, G.G., Carr, G.J., Amara, I.A., Stokes, M.E., Uryniak, T.J. (1990). Categorical data analysis. Statistical Methodology in the Pharmaceutical Sciences. Berry, D.A. (editor). New York: Marcel Dekker.

Koch, G.G., Edwards, S. (1988). Clinical efficacy with categorical data. Biopharmaceutical Statistics for Drug Development. Peace, K.K. (editor). New York: Marcel Dekker.

Koch, G.G., Gansky, S.A. (1996). Statistical considerations for multiplicity in confirmatory protocols. Drug Information Journal 30, 523–534.

Koenker, R., Bassett, G. (1978). Regression quantiles. Econometrica 46, 33–50.

Lachin, J.M. (2000). Biostatistics Methods: The Assessment of Relative Risks. New York: Wiley.

Lagakos, S.W., Schoenfeld, D.A. (1984). Properties of proportional hazards score tests under misspecified regression models. Biometrics 40, 1037–1048.

Laird, N.M., Ware, J.H. (1982). Random effects models for longitudinal data. Biometrics 38, 963–974.

Lan, K.K.G., DeMets, D.L. (1983). Discrete sequential boundaries for clinical trials. Biometrika 70, 659–663.

Lan, K.K.G., DeMets, D.L. (1989). Changing frequency of interim analysis in sequential monitoring. Biometrics 45, 1017–1020.

Lan, K.K.G., Lachin, J.M., Bautista, O.M. (2003). Over-ruling a group sequential boundary—a stopping rule versus a guideline. Statistics in Medicine 22, 3347–3355.

Lan, K.K.G., Simon, R., Halperin, M. (1982). Stochastically curtailed tests in long-term clinical trials. Communications in Statistics. Sequential Analysis 1, 207–219.

Lan, K.K.G., Wittes, J. (1988). The B-Value: A tool for monitoring data. Biometrics 44, 579–585.

Lang, J.B., Agresti, A. (1994). Simultaneously modeling joint and marginal distributions of multivariate categorical responses. Journal of the American Statistical Association 89, 625–632.

Laska, E.M., Meisner, M.J. (1989). Testing whether an identified treatment is best. Biometrics 45, 1139–1151.

Läuter, J. (1996). Exact t and F tests for analyzing studies with multiple endpoints. Biometrics 52, 964–970.

Lavori, P.W., Dawson, R., Shera, D. (1995). A multiple imputation strategy for clinical trials with truncation of patient data. Statistics in Medicine 14, 1913–1925.

le Cessie, S., van Houwelingen, J.C. (1991). A goodness-of-fit test for binary regression models, based on smoothing methods. Biometrics 47, 1267–1282.

Lee, E.T., Desu, M.M., Gehan, E.A. (1975). A Monte Carlo study of the power of some two-sample tests. Biometrika 62, 425–432.

Lee, J.W. (1994). Group sequential testing in clinical trials with multivariate observations: A review. Statistics in Medicine 13, 101–111.

Lehmacher, W., Wassmer, G., Reitmeir, P. (1991). Procedures for two-sample comparisons with multiple endpoints controlling the experimentwise error rate. Biometrics 47, 511–521.

Lehmann, E.L. (1975). Nonparametrics: Statistical Methods Based on Ranks. San Francisco: Holden-Day.

Leung, H.M., O’Neill, R.T. (1986). Statistical assessment of combination drugs: A regulatory view. ASA Proceedings of the Biopharmaceutical Section, 33–36.

Li, K.H., Raghunathan, T.E., Rubin, D.B. (1991). Large-sample significance levels from multiply imputed data using moment-based statistics and an F reference distribution. Journal of the American Statistical Association 86, 1065–1073.

Liang, K.-Y., Zeger, S.L. (1986). Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models. Biometrika 73, 13–22.

Liang, K.-Y., Zeger, S.L., Qaqish, B. (1992). Multivariate regression analyses for categorical data. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B 54, 3–40.

Lin, Z. (1999). An issue of statistical analysis in controlled multicentre studies: How shall we weight the centers? Statistics in Medicine 18, 365–373.

Lindsey, J.K. (1999). Models for Repeated Measurements. 2nd ed. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Lindsey, J.K., Lambert, P. (1998). On the appropriateness of marginal models for repeated measurements in clinical trials. Statistics in Medicine 17, 447–469.

Lipsitz, S.R., Kim, K., Zhao, L. (1994). Analysis of repeated categorical data using generalized estimating equations. Statistics in Medicine 13, 1149–1163.

Lipsitz, S.R., Laird, N.M., Harrington, D.P. (1991). Generalized estimating equations for correlated binary data: Using the odds ratio as a measure of association. Biometrika 78, 153–160.

Littell, R.C., Freund, R.J., Spector, P.C. (1991). SAS System for Linear Models. 3rd ed. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.

Littell, R.C., Milliken, G.A., Stroup, W.W., Wolfinger, R.D. (1996). SAS System for Mixed Models. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.

Little, R.J.A. (1993). Pattern-mixture models for multivariate incomplete data. Journal of the American Statistical Association 88, 125–134.

Little, R.J.A. (1994). A class of pattern-mixture models for normal incomplete data. Biometrika 81, 471–483.

Little, R.J.A., Rubin, D.B. (1987). Statistical Analysis with Missing Data. New York: Wiley.

Liu, Q., Pierce, D.A. (1994). A note on Gauss-Hermite quadrature. Biometrika 81, 624–629.

Liu, W. (1996). Multiple tests of a non-hierarchical finite family of hypotheses. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B 58, 455–461.

Longford, N.T. (1993). Random Coefficient Models. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Louis, T.A. (1982). Finding the observed information matrix when using the EM algorithm. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B 44, 226-233.

Mallinckrodt, C.H., Clark, W.S., Carroll, R.J., Molenberghs, G. (2003a). Assessing response profiles from incomplete longitudinal clinical trial data under regulatory considerations. Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics 13, 179–190.

Mallinckrodt, C.H., Clark, W.S., Stacy R.D. (2001a). Type I error rates from mixed effects model repeated measures versus fixed effects analysis of variance with missing values imputed via last observation carried forward. Drug Information Journal 35 (4), 1215–1225.

Mallinckrodt, C.H., Clark, W.S., Stacy R.D. (2001b). Accounting for dropout bias using mixed effects models. Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics 11 (1 & 2), 9–21.

Mallinckrodt, C.H., Sanger, T.M., Dube, S., Debrota, D.J., Molenberghs, G., Carroll, R.J., Zeigler Potter, W.M., Tollefson, G.D. (2003b). Assessing and interpreting treatment effects in longitudinal clinical trials with missing data. Biological Psychiatry 53, 754–760.

Mallows, C.L. (1973). Some comments on Cp. Technometrics 15, 661–675.

Mantel, N. (1966). Evaluation of survival data and two new rank order statistics arising in its consideration. Cancer Chemo Reports 50, 163–170.

Mantel, N., Fleiss, J.L. (1980). Minimum expected cell size requirements for the Mantel-Haenszel one-degree-of-freedom chi-square test and a related rapid procedure. American Journal of Epidemiology 112, 129–134.

Mantel, N., Haenszel, W. (1959). Statistical aspects of the analysis of data from retrospective studies of disease. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 22, 719–748.

Marcus, R., Peritz, E., Gabriel, K.R. (1976). On closed testing procedures with special reference to ordered analysis of variance. Biometrika 63, 655–660.

McCullagh, P. (1978). A class of parametric models for the analysis of square contingency tables with ordered categories. Biometrika 65, 413–418.

McCullagh, P., Nelder, J.A. (1989). Generalized Linear Models. 2nd ed. London: Chapman and Hall.

McCulloch, C.E., Searle, S.R. (2001). Generalized, Linear and Mixed Models. New York: Wiley.

McLachlan, G.J., Krishnan, T. (1997). The EM Algorithm and Extensions. New York: Wiley.

Mehrotra, D.V. (2001). Stratification issues with binary endpoints. Drug Information Journal 35, 1343–1350.

Mehrotra, D.V., Heyse, J.F. (2001). Multiplicity considerations in clinical safety analyses. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Statistical Association.

Mehrotra, D.V., Railkar, R. (2000). Minimum risk weights for comparing treatments in stratified binomial trials. Statistics in Medicine 19, 811–825.

Mehta, C.R., Patel, N.R. (1985). Exact logistic regression: Theory and examples. Statistics in Medicine 14, 2143–2160.

Meinert, C.L. (1986). Clinical Trials: Design, Conduct and Analysis. New York: Oxford University Press.

Michiels, B., Molenberghs, G., Bijnens, L., Vangeneugden, T., Thijs, H. (2002). Selection models and pattern-mixture models to analyze longitudinal quality of life data subject to dropout. Statistics in Medicine 21, 1023–1041.

Milliken, G.A., Johnson, D.E. (1984). Analysis of Messy Data: Designed Experiments. London: Chapman and Hall.

Molenberghs, G., Lesaffre, E. (1994). Marginal modeling of correlated ordinal data using a multivariate Plackett distribution. Journal of the American Statistical Association 89, 633–644.

Molenberghs, G., Lesaffre, E. (1999). Marginal modeling of multivariate categorical data. Statistics in Medicine 18, 2237–2255.

Molenberghs, G., Thijs, H., Jansen, I., Beunckens, C., Kenward, M.G., Mallinckrodt, C., Carroll, R.J. (2003). Analyzing incomplete longitudinal clinical trial data. Submitted for publication.

Molenberghs, G., Verbeke, G. (2003). Meaningful statistical model formulations. Statistica Sinica 14, 989–1020.

Molenberghs, G., Verbeke, G., Thijs, H., Lesaffre, E., Kenward, M.G. (2001). Mastitis in dairy cattle: Influence analysis to assess sensitivity of the dropout process. Computational Statistics and Data Analysis 37, 93–113.

Morrell, C.H., Pearson, J.D., Brant, L.J. (1997). Linear transformations of linear mixed effects models. The American Statistician 51, 338–343.

Moyé, L.A. (2000). Alpha calculus in clinical trials: Considerations and commentary for the new millennium. Statistics in Medicine 19, 767–779.

National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards (1995). How to define and determine reference intervals in the clinical laboratory. Approved guideline. Document C28-A (http://www.nccls.org/).

Nelder, J. (1977). A reformulation of linear models. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A 140, 48–76.

Nelder, J.A. (1994). The statistics of linear models: Back to basics. Statistics and Computing 4, 221–234.

Nelder, J.A., Mead, R. (1965). A simplex method for function minimisation. The Computer Journal 7, 303–313.

Nelder, J.A., Wedderburn, R.W.M. (1972). Generalized linear models. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A 135, 370–384.

Neuhaus, J.M. (1992). Statistical methods for longitudinal and clustered designs with binary responses. Statistical Methods in Medical Research 1, 249-273.

Neuhaus, J.M., Kalbfleisch, J.D., Hauck, W.W. (1991). A comparison of cluster-specific and population-averaged approaches for analyzing correlated binary data. International Statistical Review 59, 25–35.

Nickens, D.J. (1998). Using tolerance limits to evaluate laboratory data. Drug Information Journal 32, 261–269.

O’Brien, P.C. (1984). Procedures for comparing samples with multiple endpoints. Biometrics 40, 1079–1087.

O’Brien, P.C. (1990). Group sequential methods in clinical trials. Statistical Methodology in the Pharmaceutical Sciences, 291–311.

O’Brien, P.C., Fleming, T.R. (1979). A multiple testing procedure for clinical trials. Biometrics 35, 549–556.

O’Neill, R.T. (1997). Secondary endpoints cannot be validly analyzed if the primary endpoint does not demonstrate clear statistical significance. Controlled Clinical Trials 18, 550–556.

Pampallona, S., Tsiatis, A.A. (1994). Group sequential designs for one-sided and two-sided hypothesis testing with provision for early stopping in favour of the null hypothesis. Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference 42, 19–35.

Pampallona, S., Tsiatis, A.A., Kim, K. (2001). Interim monitoring of group sequential trials using spending functions for the type I and type II error probabilities. Drug Information Journal 35, 1113–1121.

Peixoto, J.L. (1987). Hierarchical variable selection in polynomial regression models. The American Statistician 41, 311–313.

Peixoto, J.L. (1990). A property of well-formulated polynomial regression models. The American Statistician 44, 26–30.

Pepe, M.S., Anderson, G.L. (1992). Two-stage experimental designs: Early stopping with a negative result. Applied Statistics 41, 181–190.

Perlman, M.D. (1969). One-sided testing problems in multivariate analysis. Annals of Mathematical Statistics 40, 549–567.

Peto, R. (1982). Statistical aspects of cancer trials. Treatment of Cancer. Halnan, K.E. (editor). London: Chapman and Hall.

Peto, R., Peto, J. (1972). Asymptotically efficient rank invariant test procedures. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series A 135, 185–206.

Phillips, A., Ebbutt, A., France, L., Morgan, D. (2000). The International Conference on Harmonization guideline “Statistical principles for clinical trials”: Issues in applying the guideline in practice. Drug Information Journal 34, 337–348.

Piantadosi, S. (1997). Clinical Trials: A Methodologic Perspective. New York: Wiley.

Pinheiro, J., Bates, D. M. (2000). Mixed-Effects Models in S and S-Plus. New York: Springer-Verlag.

Plackett, R.L. (1965). A class of bivariate distributions. Journal of the American Statistical Association 60, 516–522.

Pocock, S.J. (1977). Group sequential methods in the design and analysis of clinical trials. Biometrika 64, 191–199.

Pocock, S.J. (1983). Clinical Trials: A Practical Approach. New York: Wiley.

Pocock, S.J., Geller, N. L., Tsiatis, A.A. (1987). The analysis of multiple endpoints in clinical trials. Biometrics 43, 487–493.

Potthoff, R.F., Roy, S.N. (1964). A generalized multivariate analysis of variance model useful especially for growth curve problems. Biometrika 51, 313–326.

Prentice, R.L. (1978). Linear rank tests with right censored data. Biometrika 65, 167–180.

Prentice, R.L. (1988). Correlated binary regression with covariates specific to each binary observation. Biometrics 44, 1033-1048.

Prentice, R.L., Marek, P. (1979). A qualitative discrepancy between censored data rank. Biometrics 35, 861–867.

Proschan, M.A., Follman, D.A., Waclawiw, M.A. (1992). Effects of assumption violations on type I error rate in group sequential monitoring. Biometrics 48, 1131–1143.

Radhakrishna, S. (1965). Combination of results from several 2 × 2 contingency tables. Biometrics 21, 86–98.

Rao, C.R. (1973). Linear Statistical Inference and Its Application. 2nd ed. New York: Wiley.

Rasch, G. (1961). On general laws and the meaning of measurement in psychology. Proceedings of the Fourth Berkeley Symposium on Mathematical Statistics and Probability 4, 321–333.

Rautaharju, P.M., Zhou, S.H., Wong, S., Calhoun, H.P., Berenson, G.S., Prineas, R., Davignon, A. (1992). Sex differences in the evolution of the electrocardiographic QT interval with age. Canadian Journal of Cardiology 8, 690–695.

Robins, J.M., Rotnitzky, A., Scharfstein, D.O. (1998). Semiparametric regression for repeated outcomes with nonignorable nonresponse. Journal of the American Statistical Association 93, 1321–1339.

Robins, J.M., Rotnitzky, A., Zhao, L.P. (1995). Analysis of semiparametric regression models for repeated outcomes in the presence of missing data. Journal of the American Statistical Association 90, 106–121.

Robinson, L.D., Jewell, N.P. (1991). Some surprising results about covariate adjustment in logistic regression models. International Statistical Review 58, 227–240.

Rodriguez, R., Tobias, R., Wolfinger, R. (1995). Comments on J.A. Nelder ‘The Statistics of Linear Models: Back to Basics.’ Statistics and Computing 5, 97–101.

Rom, D.M., Costello, R.J., Connell, L.T. (1994). On closed test procedures for dose-response analysis. Statistics in Medicine 13, 1583–1596.

Rosenbaum, P.R., Rubin, D.B. (1983). The central role of the propensity score method in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika 70, 41–55.

Rubin, D.B. (1976). Inference and missing data. Biometrika 63, 581–592.

Rubin, D.B. (1978). Multiple imputations in sample surveys—A phenomenological Bayesian approach to nonresponse. Imputation and Editing of Faulty or Missing Survey Data. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Commerce.

Rubin, D.B. (1987). Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys. New York: Wiley.

Rubin, D.B., Schenker, N. (1986). Multiple imputation for interval estimation from simple random samples with ignorable nonresponse. Journal of the American Statistical Association 81, 366–374.

Rüger, B. (1978). Das maximale Signifikanzniveau des Tests “Lehne H 0 ab, wenn k unter n gegebenen Tests zur Ablehnungführen.” Metrika 25, 171–178.

Sankoh, A. J., Huque, M. F., Dubey, S. D. (1997). Some comments on frequently used multiple endpoint adjustment methods in clinical trials. Statistics in Medicine 16, 2529–2542.

Sarkar, S., Chang, C.K. (1997). Simes’ method for multiple hypothesis-testing with positively dependent test statistics. Journal of the American Statistical Association 92, 1601–1608.

Schafer J.L. (1997). Analysis of Incomplete Multivariate Data. London: Chapman & Hall.

Scheffe, H. (1953). A method for judging all contrasts in the analysis of variance. Biometrika 40, 87–104.

Scheffe, H. (1959). The Analysis of Variance. New York: Wiley.

Searle, S.R. (1971). Linear Models. New York: Wiley.

Searle, S.R. (1976). Comments on ANOVA calculations for messy data. SAS Users Group International Conference I, 298–308.

Searle, S.R. (1992). Variance Components. New York: Wiley.

Self, S.G., Liang, K.-Y. (1987). Asymptotic properties of maximum likelihood estimators and likelihood ratio tests under nonstandard conditions. Journal of the American Statistical Association 82, 605–610.

Senn, S. (1997). Statistical Issues in Drug Development. New York and Chichester: Wiley.

Senn, S.J. (1997). Statistical Issues in Drug Development. Chichester: John Wiley.

Senn, S. (1998). Some controversies in planning and analyzing multicenter trials. Statistics in Medicine 17, 1753–1765.

Senn, S. (2000). The many modes of meta. Drug Information Journal 34, 535–549.

Shaffer, J.P. (1986). Modified sequentially rejective multiple test procedures. Journal of the American Statistical Association 81, 826–831.

Šidák, Z. (1967). Rectangular confidence regions for the means of multivariate normal distributions. Journal of the American Statistical Association 62, 626–633.

Siddiqui, O., Ali, M.W. (1998). A comparison of the random effects pattern mixture model with last observation carried forward (LOCF) analysis in longitudinal clinical trials with dropouts. Journal of Biopharmaceutical Statistics 8, 545–563.

Siegel, J.N. (1999). Development of an FDA guidance document for clinical trials in SLE. Lupus 8, 581–585.

Siegmund, D. (1978). Estimation following sequential tests. Biometrika 65, 341–349.

Simes, R.J. (1986). An improved Bonferroni procedure for multiple tests of significance. Biometrika 63, 655–660.

Skellam, J.G. (1948). A probability distribution derived from the binomial distribution by regarding the probability of success as variable between the sets of trials. Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Series B 10, 257–261.

Solberg, H.E. (1987). International Federation of Clinical Chemistry: Approved recommendations on the theory of reference values. Journal of Clinical Chemistry and Clinical Biochemistry 25, 337–342.

Speed, F.M., Hocking, R.R. (1976). The use of R() notation with unbalanced data. American Statistician 30, 30–33.

Speed, F.M., Hocking, R.R. (1980). A characterization of the GLM sums of squares. SAS Users Group International Conference V, 215–223.

Speed, F.M., Hocking, R.R., Hackney, O.P. (1978). Methods of analysis of linear models with unbalanced data. Journal of the American Statistical Association 73, 105–112.

Spiegelhalter, D.J., Freedman, L.S., Blackburn, P.R. (1986). Monitoring clinical trials: Conditional or predictive power? Controlled Clinical Trials 7, 8–17.

Steel, R.G.D. (1959). A multiple comparison rank sum test: Treatments versus control. Biometrics 15, 560–572.

Stiratelli, R., Laird, N.M., Ware, J.H. (1984). Random effects models for serial observations with binary response. Biometrics 40, 961–971.

Stokes, M.E., Davis, C.S., Koch, G.G. (2000). Categorical Data Analysis Using the SAS System. 2nd ed. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.

Stram, D.O., Lee, J.W. (1994). Variance components testing in the longitudinal mixed effects model. Biometrics 50, 1171–1177.

Stram, D.O., Lee, J.W. (1995). Correction to: Variance components testing in the longitudinal mixed effects model. Biometrics 51, 1196.

Tang, D.I., Geller, N.L., Pocock, S.J. (1993). On the design and analysis of randomized clinical trials with multiple endpoints. Biometrics 49, 23–30.

Tang, D.I., Gnecco, C., Geller, N.L. (1989a). An approximate likelihood ratio test for a normal mean vector with nonnegative components with application to clinical trials. Biometrika 76, 751–754.

Tang, D.I., Gnecco, C., Geller, N.L. (1989b). Design of group sequential trials with multiple endpoints. Journal of the American Statistical Association 84, 776–779.

Tanner, M.A., Wong, W.H. (1987). The calculation of posterior distributions by data augmentation. Journal of the American Statistical Association 82, 528–550.

Tarone, R.E., Ware, J. (1977). On distribution-free tests for equality of survival distribution. Biometrika 64, 156–160.

Taylor, I.K., O’Shaughnessy, K.M., Fuller, R.W., Dollery, C.T. (1991). Effect of cysteinyl-leukotreine receptor antagonist ICI 204.219 on allergen-induced bronchoconstriction and airway hyperreactivity in atopic subjects. Lancet 337, 690–693.

Thijs, H., Molenberghs, G., Michiels, B., Verbeke, G., Curran, D. (2002). Strategies to fit pattern-mixture models. Biostatistics 3, 245–265.

Troendle, J.F., Legler, J.M. (1998). A comparison of one-sided methods to identify significant individual outcomes in a multiple outcome setting: Stepwise tests or global tests with closed testing. Statistics in Medicine 17, 1245–1260.

Tsiatis, A.A. (1981). A large sample study of Cox’s regression model. Annals of Statistics 9, 93–108.

Tsiatis, A.A., Rosner, G.L., Mehta, C.R. (1984). Exact confidence intervals following a group sequential test. Biometrics 40, 797–803.

Tukey, J.W. (1947). Nonparametric estimation. Statistically equivalent blocks and tolerance regions: The continuous case. Annals of Mathematical Statistics 18, 529–539.

Van Den Berghe, G., Wouters, P., Weekers, F., Verwaest, C., Bruyninckx, F., Schetz, I., Vlasselaers, D., Ferdinande, P., Lauwers, P., Bouillon, R. (2001). Intensive insulin therapy in critically ill patients. The New England Journal of Medicine 345, 1359–1367.

van Elteren, P.H. (1960). On the combination of independent two-sample tests of Wilcoxon. Bulletin of the International Statistical Institute 37, 351–361.

Verbeke, G., Lesaffre, E., Brant L.J. (1998). The detection of residual serial correlation in linear mixed models. Statistics in Medicine 17, 1391–1402.

Verbeke, G., Molenberghs, G. (1997). Linear Mixed Models in Practice: A SAS-Oriented Approach. Lecture Notes in Statistics 126. New York: Springer-Verlag.

Verbeke, G., Molenberghs, G. (2000). Linear Mixed Models for Longitudinal Data. New York: Springer-Verlag.

Verbeke, G., Molenberghs, G., Thijs, H., Lesaffre, E., Kenward, M.G. (2001). Sensitivity analysis for nonrandom dropout: A local influence approach. Biometrics 57, 7–14.

Wade, A.M., Ades, A.E. (1998). Incorporating correlations between measurements into the estimation of age-related reference ranges. Statistics in Medicine 17, 1989–2002.

Wang, S.K., Tsiatis, A.A. (1987). Approximately optimal one-parameter boundaries for group sequential trials. Biometrics 43, 193–199.

Ware, J.H., Muller, J.E., Braunwald, E. (1985). The futility index: An approach to the cost-effective termination of randomized clinical trials. American Journal of Medicine 78, 635–643.

Wassmer, G., Reitmeir, P., Kieser, M., Lehmacher, W. (1999). Procedures for testing multiple endpoints in clinical trials: An overview. Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference 82, 69–81.

Wedderburn, R.W.M. (1974). Quasi-likelihood functions, generalized linear models, and the Gauss-Newton method. Biometrika 61, 439–447.

Westfall, P.H., Krishen, A. (2001). Optimally weighted, fixed sequence, and gatekeeping multiple testing procedures. Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference 99, 25–40.

Westfall, P.H., Tobias, R.D. (2000). Multiple Comparisons and Multiple Tests Using the SAS System Workbook. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.

Westfall, P.H., Tobias, R.D., Rom, D., Wolfinger, R.D., Hochberg, Y. (1999). Multiple Comparisons and Multiple Tests Using the SAS System. Cary, NC: SAS Institute Inc.

Westfall, P.H., Wolfinger, R.D. (2000). Closed multiple testing procedures and PROC MULTTEST. Observations: Technical Journal for SAS Software Users 23 (available at http://support.sas.com/documentation/periodical/obs/obswww23).

Westfall, P.H., Young, S.S. (1989). P-value adjustments for multiple tests in multivariate binomial models. Journal of the American Statistical Association 84, 780–786.

Westfall, P.H., Young, S.S. (1993). Resampling-Based Multiple Testing: Examples and Methods for P-Value Adjustment. New York: Wiley.

Whitehead, J. (1986). On the bias of maximum likelihood estimation following a sequential test. Biometrika 73, 573–581.

Whitehead, J. (1997). The Design and Analysis of Sequential Clinical Trials. 2nd ed. Chichester: Wiley.

Whitehead, J. (1999). A unified theory for sequential clinical trials. Statistics in Medicine 18, 2271–2286.

Whitehead, J., Stratton, I. (1983). Group sequential clinical trials with triangular continuation regions. Biometrics 39, 227–236.

Wilks, S.S. (1941). Determination of sample sizes for setting tolerance limits. Annals of Mathematical Statistics 12, 91–96.

Wilson, M.G. (2000). Lilly reference ranges. Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Statistics. New York: Marcel Dekker.

Yamaguchi, T., Ohashi, Y. (1999). Investigating centre effects in a multi-centre clinical trial of superficial bladder cancer. Statistics in Medicine 18, 1961–1971.

Yates, F. (1934). The analysis of multiple classifications with unequal numbers in the different classes. Journal of the American Statistical Association 29, 51–66.

Yu, K., Jones, M.C. (1998). Local linear quantile regression. Journal of the American Statistical Association 93, 228–237.

Zeger, S.L., Liang, K.-Y. (1986). Longitudinal data analysis for discrete and continuous outcomes. Biometrics 42, 121–130.

Zeger, S.L., Liang, K.-Y., Albert, P.S. (1988). Models for longitudinal data: A generalized estimating equations approach. Biometrics 44, 1049–1060.

Zhao, L.P., Prentice, R.L. (1990). Correlated binary regression using a quadratic exponential model. Biometrika 77, 642–648.

..................Content has been hidden....................

You can't read the all page of ebook, please click here login for view all page.
Reset
3.143.229.21