AAIFR

Appellate Authority for Industrial and Financial Reconstruction

ADB

Asian Development Bank

AFL-CIO

American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organisations

AGM

Annual General Meeting

AIST

Australian Institute of Superannuating Trustees

ALI

American Law Institute

AMCs

Asset Management Companies

AMFI

Association of Mutual Funds of India

AOP

Association of Persons

ARF

Assets Reconstruction Fund

AS

Accounting Standards

ASB

Accounting Standards Board

ASC

Accounting Standards Committee

ASSOCHAM

Associated Chambers of Commerce and Industry

BCCI

Bank of Credit and Commerce International

BIFR

The Board for Industrial and Financial Reconstruction

BIS

Bank of International Settlements

BOL

Build-Own-Lease

BOOS

Build-Own-Operate System

BOOT

Build-Own-Operate Transfer

BOP

Balance of Payments

BPE

Bureau of Public Enterprises

BSE

Bombay Stock Exchange

CAC

Capital Account Convertibility

CAD

Current Account Deficit

CAG

Comptroller and Auditor-general

CAGR

Compound Average Growth Rate

CAO

Chief Accounts Officer

CARE

Credit Analysis and Research Ltd.

CBDT

Central Board of Direct Taxes

CBEC

Central Board of Excise and Customs

CCFI

Cabinet Committee on Foreign Investment

CCI

Controller of Capital Issues

CDSL

Central Depository Security Ltd

CEO

Chief Executive Officer

CFE

Certified Fraud Examiner

CFO

Chief Financial Officer

CFS

Consolidated Financial Statement

CG

Corporate Governance

CII

Confederation of Indian Industry

CIS

Commonwealth of Independent States

CISCO

The City Group for Small Companies

CLA

Central Listing Authority

CLB

Company Law Board

CMD

Chairman and Managing Director

CMIE

Centre for Monitoring Indian Economy

COFEPOSA

Conservation of Foreign Exchange and Prevention of Smuggling Activities

COPU

Committee on Public Undertakings

COR

Capital-output Ratio

COSO

Committee of Sponsoring Organisations

CPA

Certified Public Accountant

CPA

Consumer Protection Act, 1986

CPI

Consumer Price Index

CPSC

Consumer Product Safety Commission

CRA

Credit Rating Agencies

CRF

Consumer Redressal Forum

CRISIL

The Credit Rating Information Service of India Ltd.

CRR

Cash Reserve Ratio

CSO

Central Statistical Organisation

CSR

Corporate Social Responsibility

CUTS

Consumer Unity and Trust Society

D&OLI Policy

Directors and Officers Liability Insurance Policy

DCA

Department of Company Affairs, Government of India

DCC

Depositories and Custodian Cell (of SEBI)

DEA

Department of Economic Affairs

DEMAT

Dematerialisation

DGCI&S

Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics

DICGC

Deposit Insurance and Credit Guarantee Corporation

DP

Depository Participants

DRI

Differential Rate of Interest

DTL

Demand and Time Liabilities

EC

Executive Chairman

ECB

External Commercial Borrowing

ECM

European Common Market

ED

Executive Director

EDIFAR

Electronic Data Filing and Retrieval System (SEBI)

EEC

European Economic Community

EEOC

Equal Employment Opportunity Commission

EFTA

European Free Trade Association

EMR

Exclusive Marketing Rights

ESAF

Enhanced Structural Adjustment Facility

ESCAP

Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific

ESI

Employees State Insurance; Environmental Sustainability Index

ESOP

Employee Stock Option Plan

ESOS

Employee Stock Option Scheme

ESPS

Employee Stock Purchase Scheme

EXIM BANK

Export and Import Bank

FRB

Federal Reserve Board

FAO

Food and Agriculture Organisation

FASB

The Financial Accounting Standards Board

FBI

Federal Bureau of Investigation

FCCBs

Foreign Currency Convertible Bonds

FD

Fixed Deposits

FDI

Foreign Direct Investment

FEMA

Foreign Exchange Management Act

FER

Foreign Exchange Reserves

FERA

Foreign Exchange Regulation Act

FERC

Federal Energy Regulatory Commission

FICCI

Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry

FIIA

Foreign Investment Implementation Authority

FIIs

Foreign Institutional Investors

FIPB

Foreign Investment Promotion Board

FIPC

Foreign Investment Promotion Council

FMCG

Fast Moving Consumer Goods

FTC

Federal Trade Commission

FTZ

Free Trade Zones

GAAP

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles

GATT

General Agreement on Trade and Tariff

GCA

General Currency Area

GCF

Gross Capital Formation

GDCF

Gross Domestic Capital Formation

GDP

Gross Domestic Product

GDRs

Global Depository Receipts

GEF

Global Environment Fund

GFCF

Gross Fixed Capital Formation

GFD

Gross Fiscal Deficit

GRT

Gross Registered Tonnage

GSTP

Global System of Trade Preference

HDI

Human Development Index

HPAEs

High Performing Asian Economies

IAS

International Accounting Standards; Indian Administrative Service

IASB

International Accounting Standards Board

IASC

International Accounting Standards Committee

IBM

International Business Machines

IBPs

Inter-bank Participations

IBRD

International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank)

ICAEW

The Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales

ICAI

The Institute of Chartered Accountants of India

ICC

Interstate Commerce Commission

ICICI

Industrial Credit and Investment Corporation of India

ICL

Indian Confederation of Labour

ICRA

The Investment Information and Credit Rating Agency

ICRR

Independent Cash Reserve Ratio

ICSI

The Institute of Company Secretaries of India

ICWAI

The Institute of Costs and Works Accountants of India

IDA

International Development Association

IDBI

Industrial Development Bank of India

IDI

Industrial Development Index

IDRA

Industrial Development and Regulation Act

IEBR

International Extra Budgetary Resources

IEPC

Investor Education and Protection Committee

IEPF

Investor Education and Protection Fund

IFAC

International Federation of Accountants

IFC

Indian Fiscal Commission

IFCI

Industrial Finance Corporation of India

IIF

Institute of International Finance

IFSA

Investment and Financial Services Association

IGG

Investors Grievances and Guidance Division, SEBI

IIBI

Industrial Investment Bank of India

IIDC

Integrated Infrastructure Development Centre

IIM

Indian Institute of Management

IIP

Index of Industrial Production

ILO

International Labour Organisation

IMF

International Monetary Fund

IPO

Initial Public Offer

IPPs

Independent Power Producers

IRDA

Insurance Regulation and Development Authority

IRS

Internal Revenue Service

IUCN

International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources

LA

Listing Agreement

LATAM

Latin America

LERM

Liberalised Exchange Rate Mechanism

LIBOR

London Inter-bank Borrowing Rate

LLP

Limited Liability Partnership

LTFP

Long-term Fiscal Policy

MAOCARO

Manufacturing and Other Companies (Auditors Report) Order

MAPIN

Market Participation and Investor Database (SEBI)

MD

Managing Director

MF

Mutual Funds

MFA

Multi-fiber Agreement

MFN

Most Favoured Nations

MIC

Monopolies Inquiry Commission

MIS

Management Information System

MMMFs

Money Market Mutual Funds

MODVAT

Modified Value Added Tax

MOF

Ministry of Finance

MOU

Memorandum of Understanding

MRTP

Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices

MRTP Act

Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Act

MRTPC

Monopolies and Restrictive Trade Practices Commission

MSBs

Market Stabilisation Bonds

MTN

Multilateral Trade Negotiations

MTO

Multilateral Trade Organisation

NACD

National Association of Corporate Directors

NAFTA

North American Free Trade Agreement

NASSCOM

National Association of Software and Services Companies (India)

NAV

Net Asset Value

NBFCs

Non-banking Finance Companies

NCAER

National Council of Applied Economic Research

NCDRC

National Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission

NCL

National Commission on Labour

NCLT

National Company Law Tribunal

NDP

Net Domestic Product

NEAT

National Exchange Automated Trading System

NEF

National Equity Fund

NEP

New Economic Policy

NFCG

National Foundation for Corporate Governance

NGOs

Non-government Organisations

NIEs

Newly Industrialised Economies

NLRB

National Labour Relations Board

NPAs

Non-performing Assets

NRIs

Non-resident Indians

NRNR

Non-resident Non-repatriable Rupee Account

NSDL

National Securities Depository Ltd

NSDP

Net State Domestic Product

NSE

National Stock Exchange

OECD

Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development Organisations

OGL

Open General License

OPEC

Organisation of Petroleum Exporting Countries

OTCEI

Over the Counter Exchange of India

PAC

Public Accounts Committee

PBT

Profit Before Tax

PCAOB

Public Company Accounting Oversight Board

PCDs

Partially Convertible Debentures

PCFC

Packing in Credit in Foreign Currency

PDS

Public Distribution System

PMS

Portfolio Management Scheme

POB

Public Oversight Board

PPDs

Process-cum-product Development Centres

PPPs

Purchasing Power Parities

PSEs

Public Sector Enterprises

PSU

Public Sector Undertakings

QRB

Quality Review Board

R&D

Research and Development

RBI

Reserve Bank of India

RCF

Risk Capital Foundation

ROC

Registrar of Companies

ROI

Return on Investment

SAARC

South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation

SADF

South Asian Development Fund

SAT

Securities Appellate Tribunal

SBI

State Bank of India

SCDRC

State Consumer Disputes Redressal Commission

SCMRD

Society for Capital Market Research and Development

SEBI

Securities and Exchange Board of India

SEC

Securities and Exchange Commission (USA)

SFC

State Financial Corporation

SLR

Statutory Liquidity Ratio

SNA

System of National Accounts

SOX

Sarbanes Oxley Act (USA)

SPC

Small Private Company

SRI

Socially Responsible Investing

SRO

Self-regulatory Organisation

STCI

Securities Trading Corporation of India Ltd.

STP

Straight Through Processing

TCOs

Technical Consultancy Organisations

TDC

Technology Development Cell

TDICI

Technology Development and Information Company of India Ltd.

TNCs

Transnational Corporations

TRIMs

Trade Related Investment Measures

TRIPs

Trade-related Intellectual Property Rights

UNCTAD

United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

UNDP

United Nations Development Programme

UNESCO

United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation

UNRID

United Nations Research Institute for Development

UPS

Usual Principal Status

UR

Uruguay Round

UTI

Unit Trust of India

VAM

Value Added by Manufacture

VAT

Value Added Tax

VCF

Venture Capital Fund

VOICE

Voluntary Organisation in Interest of Consumer Education

WDR

World Development Report

WHO

World Health Organisation

WPI

Wholesale Price Index

WTO

World Trade Organisation

XGS

Exports of Goods and Services

ZBB

Zero-base Budgeting