Bibliography

1 Sound and Numbers

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Blesser, B. A., “Elementary and Basic Aspects of Digital Audio,” AES Digital Audio Collected Papers, Rye, 1983.

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Eargle, J., Handbook of Recording Engineering, 3rd ed., Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1996.

Everest, F. A., and K. C. Pohlmann, Master Handbook of Acoustics, 5th ed., McGraw-Hill, 2009.

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Woram, J. W., Sound Recording Handbook, Howard W. Sams, 1989.

2 Fundamentals of Digital Audio

Adams, R. W., “Nonuniform Sampling of Audio Signals,” JAES, vol. 40, no. 11, November 1992.

Blesser, B. A., “Advanced Analog-to-Digital Conversion and Filtering: Data Conversion,” AES Digital Audio Collected Papers, Rye, 1983.

Blesser, B. A., “Digitization of Audio: A Comprehensive Examination of Theory, Implementation, and Current Practice,” JAES, vol. 26, no. 10, October 1978.

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Lipshitz, S. P., R. A. Wannamaker, and J. Vanderkooy, “Quantization and Dither: A Theoretical Survey,” JAES, vol. 40, no. 5, May 1992.

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Stuart, J. R., “Coding for High-Resolution Audio Systems,” JAES, vol. 52, no. 3, March 2004.

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Tanabe, H., and T. Wakuri, “On the Quality of Some Digital Audio Equipment Measured by the High Accuracy Dynamic Distortion Measuring System,” AES 72nd Conv., preprint 1909, Anaheim, October 1982.

Vanderkooy, J., and S. P. Lipshitz, “Dither in Digital Audio,” JAES, vol. 35, no. 12, December 1987.

Vanderkooy, J., and S. P. Lipshitz, “Resolution Below the Least Significant Bit in Digital Audio Systems with Dither,” JAES, vol. 32, no. 3, March 1984; Erratum, JAES, vol. 32, no. 11, November 1984.

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Yoshikawa, S., et al., “Does High Sampling Frequency Improve Perceptual Time-Axis Resolution of a Digital Audio Signal?” AES 103rd Conv., preprint 4562, New York, September 1997.

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3 Digital Audio Recording

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Blesser, B. A., and B. N. Locanthi, “The Application of Narrow-Band Dither Operating at the Nyquist Frequency in Digital Systems to Provide Improved Signal-to-Noise Ratio over Conventional Dithering,” JAES, vol. 35, no. 6, June 1987.

Cabot, R. C., “Fundamentals of Modern Audio Measurement,” Proc. AES 12th UK Conf., London, April 1997.

Cabot, R. C., “Noise Modulation in Digital Audio Equipment,” AES 90th Conv., preprint 3021, Paris, February 1991.

Craven, P. G., “Antialias Filters and System Transient Response at High Sample Rates,” JAES, vol. 52, no. 3, March 2004.

Davidson, M. et al., “High Density Magnetic Recording Using Digital Block Codes of Low Disparity,” IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. MAG-12, no. 5, September 1976.

Doi, T. T., “Channel Codings for Digital Audio Recordings,” JAES, vol. 31, no. 4, April 1983.

Doi, T. T., “Recent Progress in Digital Audio Technology,” AES Digital Audio Collected Papers, Rye, 1983.

Finger, R. A., “On the Use of Computer Generated Dithered Test Signals,” JAES, vol. 35, no. 6, June 1987.

Gersho, A., “Quantization,” IEEE Commun. Soc. Mag., vol. 15, September 1977.

Gilchrist, N. H. C., “The Subjective Effect and Measurement of ADC–DAC Transfer Characteristic Discontinuity,” JAES, vol. 36, no. 9, September 1988.

Hamill, D. C., “Transient Response of Audio Filters,” Wireless World, August 1981.

Harris, S., “Techniques to Measure and Maximize the Performance of a 120-dB, 24-Bit, 96-kHz A/D Converter Integrated Circuit,” AES 103rd Conv., preprint 4530, New York, September 1997.

Haykin, S., Communication Systems, John Wiley & Sons, 1983.

Hiroshi, I. et al., “Pulse-Code Modulation Recording System,” JAES, vol. 21, no. 7, September 1973.

Hnatek, E. R., A User’s Handbook of D/A and A/D Converters, John Wiley & Sons, 1976.

Hoeschele, D., Analog-to-Digital, Digital-to-Analog Conversion Techniques, John Wiley & Sons, 1968.

Horiguchi, T., and K. Morita, “An Optimization of Modulation Codes in Digital Recording,” IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. MAG-12, no. 6, November 1976.

Immink, K. A. S., Coding Techniques for Digital Recorders, Prentice Hall, 1991.

Iwamura, H., et al., “Pulse-Code-Modulation Recording System,” JAES, vol. 21, no. 9, September 1973.

Jayant, N., and L. Rabiner, “The Application of Dither to the Quantization of Speech Signals,” Bell Sys. Tech. J., vol. 51, 1972.

Korn, I., Digital Communications, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1985.

Krause, M., and H. Petersen, “How Can the Headroom of Digital Recordings Be Used Optimally?” JAES, vol. 38, no. 11, November 1990.

Lagadec, R., and T. G. Stockham, Jr., “Dispersive Models for A-to-D and D-to-A Conversion Systems,” AES 75th Conv., preprint 2097, Paris, March 1984.

Lindholm, D. A., “Power Spectra of Channel Codes for Digital Magnetic Recording,” IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. MAG-14, no. 5, September 1978.

Lindsey, W. C., and M. K. Simon, Telecommunications Systems Engineering, Prentice Hall, 1973.

MacArthur, J., “20/20 Vision,” Studio Sound, January 1993.

Marchant, A. B., Optical Recording: A Technical Overview, Addison-Wesley, 1990.

Matick, R. E., Computer Storage Systems and Technology, John Wiley & Sons, 1977.

Meyer, J., “Time Correction of Anti-Aliasing Filters Used in Digital Audio Systems,” JAES, vol. 32, no. 3, March 1984.

Miller, J. W., “DC-Free Encoding for Data Transmission System,” U.S. Patent 4,027,335, May 31, 1977.

Morris, D. J., Pulse Code Formats for Fiber Optical Data Communication, Marcel Dekker, 1983.

Muraoka, T., Y. Yamada, and M. Yamazaki, “Sampling Frequency Considerations in Digital Audio Standards,” JAES, vol. 26, no. 4, April 1978; Erratum, JAES, vol. 26, no. 7/8, July/August 1978.

Myers, J. P., and A. Feinburg, “High-Quality Professional Recording Using New Digital Techniques,” JAES, vol. 20, no. 10, October 1972.

Nakajima, H., T. T. Doi, J. Fukuda, and A. Iga, Digital Audio Technology, TAB Books, 1983.

Owen, F. F. E., PCM and Digital Transmission Systems, McGraw-Hill, 1982.

Patel, A. M., “Zero-Modulation Encoding in Magnetic Recording,” IBM J. Res. Dev., July 1975.

Peled, A., and B. Liu, Digital Signal Processing: Theory, Design, and Implementation, John Wiley & Sons, 1976.

Picot, J. P., Introduction a l’Audio Numerique, Editions Frequencies, 1984.

Preis, D., and P. J. Bloom, “Perception of Phase Distortion in Anti-Alias Filters,” JAES, vol. 32, no. 11, November 1984.

Putzeys, B., “Design Techniques for High-Performance Discrete A/D Converters,” AES 114th Conv., preprint 5823, Amsterdam, March 2003.

Rathmell, J., J. Scott, and A. Parker, “TDFD-Based Measurement of Analog-to-Digital Converter Nonlinearity,” JAES, vol. 45, no. 10, October 1997.

Reefman, D., et al., “A New Digital-to-Analogue Converter Design Technique for HiFi Applications,” AES 114th Conv., preprint 5846, Amsterdam, March 2003.

Salman, W. P., and M. S. Solotareff, Le Filtrage Numerique, Eyrolles, 1978.

Sato, N. “PCM Recorder—A New Type of Audio Magnetic Tape Recorder,” JAES, vol. 21, no. 9, September 1973.

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Takahashi, Y., et al., “Study and Evaluation of New Method of ADPCM Encoding,” AES 86th Conv., preprint 2813, Hamburg, March 1989.

Takashi, T., et al., “A Coding Method in Digital Magnetic Recording,” IEEE Trans. Magn., vol. MAG-8, no. 3, September 1972.

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4 Digital Audio Reproduction

Adams, R. W., “Clock Jitter, D/A Converters, and Sample-Rate Conversion,” The Audio Critic, no. 21, Spring 1994.

Adams, R. W., “Design and Implementation of an Audio 18-Bit Analog-to-Digital Converter Using Oversampling Techniques,” JAES, vol. 34, no. 3, March 1986.

Angus, J., “A New Method for Analyzing the Effects of Jitter in Digital Audio Systems,” AES 103rd Conv., preprint 4607, New York, September 1997.

Baldwin, G. L., and S. K. Tewksbury, “Linear Delta Modulator Integrated Circuit with 17-Mbit/s Sampling Rate,” IEEE Trans. Commun., vol. COM-22, no. 7, July 1974.

Benjamin, E., and G. Benjamin, “Theoretical and Audible Effects of Jitter on Digital Audio Quality,” AES 105th Conv., preprint 4826, San Francisco, September 1998.

Bristow-Johnson, R., “Effect of DAC Deglitching on Frequency Response,” JAES, vol. 36, no. 11, November 1988.

Cabot, R. C., “Fundamentals of Modern Audio Measurement,” JAES, vol. 47, no. 9, September 1999.

Charbonnier, A., and J. Petit, “Sub-Band ADPCM Coding for High Quality Audio Signals,” IEEE ICASSP, 1988.

Couch, L., Digital and Analog Communication Systems, Macmillan, 1983.

Darling, T. F., and M. O. J. Hawksford, “Oversampled Analog-to-Digital Conversion for Digital Audio Systems,” JAES, vol. 38, no. 12, December 1990.

Dijkmans, E. C., and P. J. A. Naus, “The Next Step Towards Ideal A/D and D/A Converters,” Proc. AES 7th Int. Conf., Toronto, May 1989.

Dunn, J., “Digital-to-Analog Converter Measurements,” Audio Precision Technote TN-25, 2001.

Dunn, J., “Jitter Theory—Part One, Interface Jitter,” Audio Precision Tech Note, vol. 14, no. 1, December 1999.

Fielder, L. D., “Evaluation of the Audible Noise and Distortion Produced by Digital Audio Converters,” JAES, vol. 35, no. 7/8, July/August 1987.

Finger, R. A., “Review of Frequencies and Levels for Digital Audio Performance Measurements,” JAES, vol. 34, no. 1/2, January/February 1986.

Gundry, K. J., D. P. Robinson, and C. C. Todd, “Recent Developments in Digital Audio Techniques,” AES 73rd Conv., preprint 1956, Eindhoven, March 1983.

Halbert, J. M., and M. A. Shill, “An 18-Bit Digital-to-Analog Converter for High Performance Digital Audio Applications,” JAES, vol. 36, no. 6, June 1988.

Harris, S., “The Effects of Sampling Clock Jitter on Nyquist Sampling Analog-to-Digital Converters, and on Oversampling Delta-Sigma ADCs,” JAES, vol. 38, no. 7/8, July/August 1990.

Hawksford, M. O. J., “Jitter Simulation in High Resolution Digital Audio,” AES 121st Conv., preprint 6864, San Francisco, October 2006.

Hawksford, M. O. J., “Ultrahigh-Resolution Audio Formats for Mastering and Archival Applications,” JAES, vol. 55, no. 10, October 2007.

Kakiuchi, S., et al., “Application of Oversampling A/D and D/A Conversion Techniques to RDAT,” AES 83rd Conv., preprint 2520, New York, October 1987.

Lipshitz, S. P., and J. Vanderkooy, “Are Digital-to-Analog Converters Getting Worse?” AES 84th Conv., preprint 2586, Paris, March 1988.

Lipshitz, S. P., and J. Vanderkooy, “Pulse-Code Modulation—An Overview,” JAES, vol. 52, no. 3, March 2004.

Nagata, A., et al., “Over-Sampling Filter for Digital Audio Use,” AES 79th Conv., preprint 2289, New York, October 1985.

Naylor, J. R., “A Dual Monolithic 18-Bit Analog-to-Digital Converter for Digital Audio Applications,” Proc. AES 7th Int. Conf., Toronto, May 1989.

Nishimura, A. and N. Koizumi, “Measurement of Sampling Jitter in Analog-to-Digital and Digital-to-Analog Converters Using Analytic Signals,” AES 112th Conv., preprint 5586, Munich, May 2002.

Nishiguchi, N., K. Akagiri, and T. Suzuki, “A New Audio Bit Rate Reduction System for the CD-I Format,” AES 81st Conv., preprint 2375, Los Angeles, November 1986.

Pohlmann, K. C., “Multibit Conversion,” Advanced Digital Audio, K. C. Pohlmann (ed.), Howard W. Sams, 1991.

Pohlmann, K. C., “Pulse Modulation and Sampling Systems,” Advanced Digital Audio, K. C. Pohlmann (ed.), Howard W. Sams, 1991.

Proakis, J., Digital Communications, McGraw-Hill, 1983.

Roden, M. S., Analog and Digital Communication Systems, Prentice Hall, 1985.

Schindler, H. R., “Delta Modulation,” IEEE Spectr., October 1970.

Schott, W., “Philips Oversampling System for Compact Disc Decoding,” Audio, vol. 68, no. 4, April 1984.

Shelton, W. T., “Progress Towards a System of Synchronisation in Digital Audio,” AES 82nd Conv., preprint 2484, London, March 1987.

Steele, R., Delta Modulation Systems, Halsted Press, 1975.

Stockham, Jr., T. G., “A/D and D/A Converters: Their Effect on Digital Audio Fidelity,” Digital Signal Processing, L. R. Rabiner and C. M. Rader (eds.), IEEE Press, 1972.

Sun, M. T., and L. Wu, “Efficient Design of the Oversampling Filter for Digital Audio Applications,” AES 81st Conv., preprint 2378, Los Angeles, November 1986.

Takasaki, Y., Digital Transmission Design and Jitter Analysis, Artech House, 1991.

Trischitta, P. R., and E. L. Varma, Jitter in Digital Transmission Systems, Artech House, 1989.

Van de Plassche, R. J., and E. C. Dijkmans, “A Monolithic 16-Bit D/A Conversion System for Digital Audio,” AES Digital Audio Collected Papers, Rye, 1983.

Wong, W. K., “Optimization Techniques for High Order Phase-Locked Loop Type Jitter Reduction Circuit for Digital Audio,” IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., vol. 42, no. 1, February 1996.

Yamada, M., and K. Odaka, “A New Audio Digital Filter with Compensation of Phase for A/D and D/A Conversion,” AES 83rd Conv., preprint 2528, New York, October 1987.

5 Error Correction

Berlekamp, E. R., Algebraic Coding Theory, McGraw-Hill, 1968.

Berlekamp, E. R., “Error Correcting Code for Digital Audio,” AES Digital Audio Collected Papers, Rye, 1983.

Buddine, L., and E. Young, The Brady Guide to CD-ROM, Prentice Hall, 1987.

Cabot, R. C., “Measuring AES–EBU Digital Audio Interfaces,” JAES, vol. 38, no. 6, June 1990.

Clark, Jr., G. C., and J. B. Cain, Error-Correction Coding for Digital Communications, Plenum Press, 1981.

Doi, T. T., “Error Correction for Digital Audio Recordings,” AES Digital Audio Collected Papers, Rye, 1983.

Feher, K., Telecommunications Measurements, Analysis and Instrumentation, Prentice Hall, 1987.

Gallager, R. G., Information Theory and Reliable Communication, John Wiley & Sons, 1968.

Hagelbarger, D. W., “Recurrent Codes: Easily Mechanized, Burst-Correcting, Binary Codes,” Bell Sys. Tech. J., vol. 38, no. 4, July 1959.

Hamming, R. W., Coding and Information Theory, Prentice Hall, 1980.

Hamming, R. W., “Error Detecting and Error Correcting Codes,” Bell Sys. Tech. J., vol. 29, no. 1, January 1950.

Hoeve, H., J. Timmermans, and L. B. Vries, “Error Correction and Concealment in the Compact Disc System,” Philips Tech. Rev., vol. 40, no. 6, 1982.

Huffman, W. C., and V. Pless, Fundamentals of Error-Correcting Codes, Cambridge University Press, 2003.

Imai, H. (ed.), Essentials of Error-Control Coding Techniques, Academic Press, 1990.

Lin, S., An Introduction to Error-Correcting Codes, Prentice Hall, 1970.

Maher, R. C., “A Method for Extrapolation of Missing Digital Audio Data,” JAES, vol. 42, no. 5, May 1994.

McEliece, R. J., The Theory of Information and Coding, Addison-Wesley, 1977.

Morelos-Zaragoza, R. H., The Art of Error Correcting Coding, John Wiley & Sons, 2002.

Odaka, K., et al., “Error Correctable Data Transmission Method,” U.S. Patent 4,413,340, November 1, 1983.

Peterson, W. W., “Error-Correcting Codes,” Scientific American, vol. 206, no. 2, February 1962.

Pless, V., Introduction to the Theory of Error-Correcting Codes, 3rd ed., John Wiley & Sons, 1998.

Reed, I. S., and G. Solomon, “Polynomial Codes over Certain Finite Fields,” J. SIAM, vol. 8, 1960.

Shenton, D., E. DeBenedictis, and B. N. Locanthi, “Improved Reed–Solomon Decoding Using Multiple Pass Decoding,” JAES, vol. 33, no. 11, November 1985.

Viterbi, A. J., “Coding and Interleaving for Correcting Burst and Random Errors in Recording Media,” AES Digital Audio Collected Papers, Rye, 1983.

Viterbi, A. J., Coherent Communication, McGraw-Hill, 1966.

Vries, L. B., and K. Odaka, “CIRC—The Error Correcting Code for the Compact Disc Digital Audio System,” AES Digital Audio Collected Papers, Rye, 1983.

Watkinson, J., “Inside CD, Part 4,” Hi-Fi News & Record Review, February 1987.

6 Optical Disc Media

Blake, L., “Digital Sound in the Cinema,” Mix, vol. 19, no. 10, October 1995.

Bouwhuis, G., et al., Principles of Optical Disc Systems, Adam Hilger, 1985.

Bradley, A., Optical Storage for Computers: Technology and Application, Ellis Horwood, 1989.

Doi, T. T., T. Itoh, and H. Ogawa, “A Long Play Digital Audio Disc System,” JAES, vol. 27, no. 12, December 1979.

Freese, R. P., “Optical Disks Become Erasable,” IEEE Spectr., February 1988.

Hartmann, M., B. Jacobs, and J. Braat, “Erasable Magneto-Optical Recording,” Philips Tech. Rev., vol. 42, no. 2, August 1985.

Immink, K. A. S., and J. Braat, “Experiments Toward an Erasable Compact Disc Digital Audio System.” JAES, vol. 32, no. 7/8, July/August 1984.

JAES Staff, “High-Density Optical-Disk Formats,” JAES, vol. 53, no. 7/8, July/August 2005.

Koechner, W., Solid-State Laser Engineering, Springer Series in Optical Sciences, Springer-Verlag, 1988.

Kramer, P., “Reflective Optical Record Carrier,” U.S. Patent 5,068,846, November 26, 1991.

Kurahashi, A., et al., “Development of an Erasable Magneto-Optical Digital Audio Recorder,” AES 79th Conv., preprint 2296, New York, October 1985.

Marshall, G. F., Laser Beam Scanning, Opto-Mechanical Devices, Systems, and Data Storage Optics, Marcel Dekker, 1985.

Mecca, C. M. J., et al., “Interference of Converging Spherical Waves with Application to the Design of Compact Disks,” Opt. Commun., vol. 182, August 2000.

Meyer-Arendt, J. R., Introduction to Classical and Modern Optics, Prentice Hall, 1972.

Morgan, J., Introduction to University Physics, vol. 2, Allyn and Bacon, 1964.

Murata, S., et al., “Multimedia Type Digital Audio Disc System,” IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., vol. 35, no. 3, August 1989.

Nöldeke, C., “Compact Disc Diffraction,” The Physics Teacher, October 1990.

Pohlmann, K. C. “Optical Storage Technologies,” Mix, vol. 16, no. 7, July 1992.

Thomas, G. E., “Future Trends in Optical Recording,” Philips Tech. Rev., vol. 44, no. 2, 1988.

Uhlig, R. E., “Feasibility of Digital Sound on Motion Picture Film,” Proc. AES 7th Int. Conf., Toronto, May 1989.

Varela, A., “Film Sound Goes Digital,” Post, September 1990.

Verdeyen, J. T., Laser Electronics, Prentice Hall, 1981.

Webb, R. H., Elementary Wave Optics, Academic Press, 1969.

Yariv, A., Optical Electronics, 3rd ed., CBS College Publishing, 1985.

7 Compact Disc

AES17-1998, “AES Standard Method for Digital Audio Engineering—Measurement of Digital Audio Equipment,” JAES, vol. 46, no. 5, May 1998.

AES28-1997, “AES Standard for Audio Preservation and Restoration—Method for Estimating Life Expectancy of Compact Discs (CD-ROM) Based on Effects of Temperature and Relative Humidity,” JAES, vol. 45, no. 5, May 1997.

Baert, L., L. Theunissen, and G. Vergult, Digital Audio and Compact Disc Technology, 2nd ed., Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd, 1992.

Bouwhuis, G., et al., Principles of Optical Disc Systems, Adam Hilger Ltd., 1985.

Carasso, M. G., J. B. H. Peck, and J. P. Sinjou, “The Compact Disc Digital Audio System,” Philips Tech. Rev., vol. 40, no. 6, 1982.

Carasso, M. G., et al., “Disc-Shaped Optically Readable Record Carrier Used as a Data Storage Medium,” U.S. Patent 4,238,843, December 9, 1980.

Funasaka, E., and H. Suzuki, “DVD-Audio Format,” AES 103rd Conv., preprint 4566, New York, September 1997.

Goedhart, D., R. J. van de Plassche, and E. F. Stikvoort, “Digital-to-Analog Conversion in Playing a Compact Disc,” Philips Tech. Rev., vol. 40, no. 6, 1982.

Heemskerk, J. P. J., and K. A. S. Immink, “Compact Disc System Aspects and Modulation,” Philips Tech. Rev., vol. 40, no. 6, 1982.

IEC 908: Compact Disc Digital Audio System, 1987.

Immink, K. A. S., “The Compact Disc Story,” JAES, vol. 46, no. 5, May 1998.

Immink, K. A. S., et al., “Method of Coding Binary Data,” U.S. Patent 4,501,000, February 19, 1985.

Isailovic, J., Videodisc and Optical Memory Systems, Prentice Hall, 1985.

ISO 9660: 1988 (E), Information Processing—Volume and File Structure of CD-ROM for Information Interchange, 1988.

ISO/IEC 10149: 1989 (E), Information Technology—Data Interchange on Read-Only 120-mm Optical Data Disks (CD-ROM), 1989.

Lambert, S., and S. Ropiequet, CD-ROM, The New Papyrus, Microsoft Press, 1986.

Matull, J., “ICs for Compact Disc Decoders,” Electrical Components and Applications, vol. 4, no. 3, May 1982.

Microsoft MS-DOS CD-ROM Extensions Documentation, Version 2.20; Microsoft Corporation, 1990.

Miyaoka, S., “Manufacturing Technology of the Compact Disc,” AES Digital Audio Collected Papers, Rye, 1983.

Nakajima, H., and H. Ogawa, Compact Disc Technology, Ohmsha Ltd., 1992.

Nishio, A., et al., “Direct Stream Digital Audio System,” AES 100th Conv., preprint 4163, Copenhagen, May 1996.

Ogawa, H., and K. A. S. Immink, “EFM—The Modulation Method for the Compact Disc Digital Audio System,” AES Digital Audio Collected Papers, Rye, 1983.

Ogawa, H., K. Odaka, and M. Yamamoto, “Digital Disk Recording and Reproduction,” Audio Engineering Handbook, K. B. Benson (ed.), McGraw-Hill, 1988.

Oppenheim, C. (ed.), CD-ROM: Fundamentals to Applications, Butterworths, 1988.

Pahwa, A., The CD-Recordable Bible, Eight Bit Books, 1994.

Philips International, Inc., Compact Disc-Interactive: A Designer’s Overview, McGraw-Hill, 1988.

Pohlmann, K. C., “The Compact Disc Formats: Technology and Applications,” JAES, vol. 36, no. 4, April 1988.

Pohlmann, K. C., The Compact Disc Handbook, 2nd ed., A-R Editions, 1992.

Roth, J. P., Essential Guide to CD-ROM, Meckler Publishing, 1986.

Sekiguchi, K., Y. Maruyama, and M. Tsubaki, “An Extension of the CD Mastering System Format for CD-ROM Mastering,” AES 83rd Conv., preprint 2557, New York, October 1987.

Sherman, C. (ed.), The CD-ROM Handbook, 2nd ed., McGraw-Hill, 1988.

Sony Corporation, Super Audio CD, August 1999.

Stuart, J. R., “Coding Methods for High-Resolution Recording Systems,” AES 103rd Conv., preprint 4639, New York, September 1997.

Ten Kate, R., “Disc Technology for Super-Quality Audio Applications,” AES 103rd Conv., preprint 4565, New York, September 1997.

Van der Meer, J., “The Full Motion System for CD-I,” IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., vol. 38, no. 4, November 1992.

Verbakel, J., et al., “Super Audio CD Format,” AES 104th Conv., preprint 4705, Amsterdam, May 1998.

Verkaik, W., “Compact Disc (CD) Manufacturing—An Industrial Process,” AES Digital Audio Collected Papers, Rye, 1983.

Vries, L. B. “The Error Control System of Philips Compact Disc,” AES 64th Conv., preprint 1548, New York, 1979.

Vries, L. B., et al., “The Compact Disc Digital Audio System: Modulation and Error Correction,” AES 67th Conv., preprint 1674, New York, October/November 1980.

8 DVD

Bennett, H., “In DVD’s Own Image,” EMedia Professional, vol. 11, no. 7, July 1998.

Carriere, J., et al., “Principles of Optical Disk Data Storage,” Progress in Optics, vol. 41, E. Wolf (ed.), Elsevier, 2000.

DeLancie, P., “Digital Versatile Disc,” Mix, vol. 20, no. 10, October 1996.

DVD Forum, www.dvdforum.org.

Electronic Industries Alliance, www.eia.org.

Fuchigami, N., T. Kuroiwa, and B. H. Suzuki, “DVD-Audio Specifications,” JAES, vol. 48, no. 12, December 2000.

Gonzales, R. C., and R. E. Woods, Digital Image Processing, Addison Wesley, 1992.

Guenette, D. R., and D. J. Parker, “CD, CD-ROM, CD-R, CD-RW, DVD, DVD-R, DVD-RAM: The Family Album,” EMedia Professional, vol. 10, no. 4, April 1997.

Hawksford, M. O., “Multi-Channel High-Definition Digital Audio Systems for High-Density Compact Disk,” AES 101st Conv., preprint 4362, Los Angeles, November 1996.

Hayashi, H., et al., “DVD Players Using a Viterbi Decoding Circuit,” IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., vol. 44, no. 2, May 1998.

Held, G., Data Compression: Techniques and Applications, Hardware and Software Considerations, 3rd. ed., John Wiley & Sons, 1991.

Immink, K. A. S., “The Digital Versatile Disc (DVD): System Requirements and Channel Coding,” SMPTE J., vol. 105, no. 8, August 1996.

Immink, K. A. S., “EFM Coding: Squeezing the Last Bits,” IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., vol. 43, no. 3, August 1997.

Immink, K. A. S., “EFMPlus: The Coding Format of the Multimedia Compact Disc,” IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., vol. 41, no. 3, August 1995.

Lin, J.-Y., “Sub-Picture Decoder Architecture for DVD,” IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., vol. 44, no. 2, May 1998.

Lubell, P. D., “The Gathering Storm in High Density Compact Disks,” IEEE Spectr., vol. 32, no. 8, August 1995.

McMurdie, M., and R. Griffith, “Packet Writing and UDF,” EMedia Professional, vol. 10, no. 5, May 1997.

Moving Pictures Expert Group, DVD Resources, www.mpeg.org/MPEG/dvd.html.

Nakamura, M., et al., “A Study on a High Density Digital Video Disc Player,” IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., vol. 41, no. 3, August 1995.

Parker, D. J., “The Many Faces of High-Density Rewritable Optical,” EMedia Professional, vol. 11, no. 1, January 1998.

Parker, D. J., “Writable DVD,” EMedia Professional, vol. 12, no. 1, January 1999.

Pushic, D., “Mastering Machines, Mastering Choices,” EMedia Professional, vol. 10, no. 8, August 1997.

Shinoda, M., et al., “Optical Pick-Up for DVD,” IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., vol. 42, no. 3, August 1996.

Starrett, R. A., “Packet Writing,” Emedia Professional, vol. 10, no. 5, May 1997.

Stuart, J. R., “High-Quality Audio Application of DVD,” www.meridian-audio.com/ara/, 1996.

Taylor, J., DVD Demystified, 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill, 2005.

Yamada, M., et al., “DVD/CD/CD-R Compatible Pick-Up with Two-Wavelength Two-Beam Laser,” IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., vol. 44, no. 3, August 1998.

Yasuda, M., et al., “MPEG2 Video Decoder and AC-3 Audio Decoder LSIs for DVD Player,” IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., vol. 43, no. 3, August 1997.

9 Blu-Ray

Blu-ray Disc Association, “Audio Visual Application Format Specifications for AVCREC,” March 2008.

Blu-ray Disc Association, “Blu-ray Disc Format: 1.A Physical Format Specifications for BD-RE,” 2nd ed., February 2006.

Blu-ray Disc Association, “Blu-ray Disc: 1.C Physical Format Specifications for BD-ROM,” 5th ed., March 2007.

Blu-ray Disc Association, “Blu-ray Disc Format: 2.B Audio Visual Application Format Specifications for BD-ROM,” March 2005.

Blu-ray Disc Association, “Blu-ray Disc Format: 2.B Audio Visual Application Format Specifications for BD-ROM Version 2.4,” May 2010.

Blu-ray Disc Association, “Blu-ray Disc Recordable Format: Part 1 Physical Specifications,” February 2006.

Blu-ray Disc Association, “Blu-ray Disc Rewritable Format: Audio Visual Application Format Specifications for BD-RE,” Version 2.1, March 2008.

Blu-ray Disc Association, “Blu-ray Disc Rewritable Format: Audio Visual Application Format Specifications for BD-RE,” Version 3.0, March 2008.

Blu-ray Disc Founders, “Blu-ray Disc Format: General,” August 2004.

Blu-ray Disc Founders, “Blu-ray Disc Format: 3. File System Specifications for BD-RE, R, ROM,” August 2004.

Blu-ray Disc Founders, “Blu-ray Disc Format: 4. Key Technologies,” August 2004.

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Zink, M., P. Starner, and B. Foote, Programming HD-DVD and Blu-ray Disc: The HD Cookbook, McGraw-Hill, 2008.

10 Low Bit-Rate Coding: Theory and Evaluation

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Annadana, R., et al., “New Enhancements to the Audio Bandwidth Extension Toolkit (ABET),” AES 124th Conv., preprint 7488, Amsterdam, May 2008.

Annadana, R., et al., “New Results in Low Bit Rate Speech Coding and Bandwidth Extension,” AES 121st Conv., preprint 6876, San Francisco, October 2006.

Annadana, R., et al., “A Novel Audio Post-Processing Toolkit for the Enhancement of Audio Signals Coded at Low Bit Rates,” AES 123rd Conv., preprint 7221, New York, October 2007.

Audio Precision, “Testing Reduced Bit-Rate Codecs Using the System One DSP Program CODEC.DSP,” Tech Notes TN-14, 1994.

Barbedo, J. G. A., and A. Lopes, “A New Cognitive Model of Objective Assessment of Audio Quality,” JAES, vol. 53, no. 1/2, January/February 2005.

Baumgarte, F., “Improved Audio Coding Using a Psychoacoustic Model Based on a Cochlear Filter Bank,” IEEE Trans. Speech Audio Proc., vol. 10, no. 7, October 2002.

Beaton, R. J., et al., “Objective Perceptual Measurement of Audio Quality,” AES Collected Papers on Digital Audio Bit-Rate Reduction, N. Gilchrist and C. Grewin (eds.), Audio Engineering Society, 1996.

Bech, S., and N. Zacharov, Perceptual Audio Evaluation: Theory, Method and Application, John Wiley & Sons, 2006.

Beerends, J. G., et al., “Degradation Decomposition of the Perceived Quality of Speech Signals on the Basis of a Perceptual Modeling Approach,” JAES, vol. 55, no. 12, December 2007.

Beerends, J. G., and J. A. Stemerdink, “A Perceptual Audio Quality Measure Based on a Psychoacoustic Sound Representation,” JAES, vol. 40, no. 12, December 1992.

Benjamin, E., “Evaluating Digital Audio Artifacts with PEAQ,” AES 113th Conv., preprint 5711, Los Angeles, October 2002.

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Boley, J., and M. Lester, “Statistical Analysis of ABX Results Using Signal Detection Theory,” AES 127th Conv., preprint 7826, New York, October 2009.

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Brandenburg, K., “High Quality Sound Coding at 2.5 Bits/sample,” AES 84th Conv., preprint 2582, Paris, March 1988.

Brandenburg, K., “Perceptual Models for the Prediction of Sound Quality of Low Bit-Rate Codecs,” Proc. AES 12th Int. Conf., Copenhagen, June 1993.

Brandenburg, K., and D. Seitzer, “Low Bit Rate Coding of High-Quality Digital Audio: Algorithms and Evaluation of Quality,” Proc. AES 7th Int. Conf., Toronto, May 1989.

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Burstein, H., “Transformed Binomial Confidence Limits for Listening Tests,” JAES, vol. 37, no. 5, May 1989.

Cabot, R. C., “Performance Assessment of Reduced Bit Rate Codecs,” AES UK Conf., London, May 1994.

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Cellier, C., P. Chenes, and M. Rossi, “Lossless Audio Data Compression for Real Time Applications,” AES 95th Conv., preprint 3780, New York, October 1993.

Choi, I., et al., “Objective Measurement of Perceived Auditory Quality in Multichannel Audio Compression Coding Systems,” JAES, vol. 56, no. 1/2, January/February 2008.

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Colomes, C., et al., “Perceptual Quality Assessment for Digital Audio: PEAQ—The New ITU Standard for Objective Measurement of the Perceived Audio Quality,” Proc. AES 17th Int. Conf., Florence, September 1999.

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Craven, P. G., and J. R. Stuart, “Cascadable Lossy Data Compression Using a Lossless Kernel,” AES 102nd Conv., preprint 4416, Munich, March 1997.

Craven, P. G., M. J. Law, and J. R. Stuart, “Lossless Compression Using IIR Prediction Filters,” AES 102nd Conv., preprint 4415, Munich, March 1997.

Crochiere, R. E., “On the Design of Sub-Band Coders for Low-Bit-Rate Speech Communication,” Bell Sys. Tech. J., vol. 56, no. 5, May/June 1977.

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Eng, K. H. C., et al., “A New Bit Allocation Method for Low Delay Audio Coding at Low Bit Rates,” AES 112th Conv., preprint 5573, Munich, May 2002.

Erne, M., “Perceptual Audio Coders: What to Listen For,” AES 111th Conv., preprint 5489, New York, September 2001.

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Ferreira, A. J. S., “The Perceptual Audio Coding Concept: From Speech to High-Quality Audio Coding,” Proc. AES 17th Int. Conf., Florence, September 1999.

Ferreira, A. J. S., “Tonality Detection in Perceptual Coding of Audio,” AES 98th Conv., preprint 3947, Paris, February 1995.

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Frindle, P., “Are We Measuring the Right Things? Artifact Audibility Versus Measurement,” Proc. AES 12th UK Conf., London, April 1997.

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Geddes, E. R., and L. W. Lee, “Auditory Perception of Nonlinear Distortion—Theory,” AES 115th Conv., preprint 5890, New York, October 2003.

Gerzon, M., “The Gentle Art of Digital Squashing,” Studio Sound, May 1990.

Gerzon, M., “Problems of Error Masking in Audio Data Compression Systems,” AES 90th Conv., preprint 3013, Paris, February 1991.

Gilchrist, N., “ATLANTIC Audio: Preserving Technical Quality During Low Bit-Rate Coding and Decoding,” AES 104th Conv., preprint 4694, Amsterdam, May 1998.

Greenwood, D. D., “Critical Bandwidth and Frequency Coordinates of the Basilar Membrane,” J. Acoust. Soc. Amer., no. 33, pp. 1344–1356, 1961.

Grewin, C., “Methods for Quality Assessment of Low Bit-Rate Audio Codecs,” Proc. AES 12th Int. Conf., Copenhagen, June 1993.

Groschel, A., et al., “Enhancing Audio Coding Efficiency of MPEG Layer-2 with Spectral Band Replication (SBR) for Digital Radio (DAB) in a Backwards Compatible Way,” AES 114th Conv., preprint 5850, Amsterdam, March 2003.

Grusec, T. L., “Subjective Evaluation of High Quality Audio Systems,” Can. Acous., vol. 22, September 1994.

Grusec, T., L. Thibault, and R. J. Beaton, “Sensitive Methodologies for the Subjective Evaluation of High Quality Audio Coding Systems,” Proc. AES UK DSP Conf., London, September 1992.

Grusec, T., L. Thibault, and G. Soulodre, “EIA/NRSC DAR Systems Subjective Tests, Part I: Audio Codec Quality,” IEEE Trans. Broadcast., vol. 43, September 1997.

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Hans, M., and R. W. Schafer, “An MPEG Audio Layered Transcoder,” AES 105th Conv., preprint 4812, San Francisco, September 1998.

Hellman, R. P., “Asymmetry of Masking between Noise and Tone,” Perception and Psychophysics, vol. 11, pp. 241–246, 1972.

Heo, I., and K.-M. Sung, “An Improved Weighting Curve Based on Equal-Loudness Contour,” Proc. AES 34th Int. Conf., Jeju Island, Korea, August 2008.

Herre, J., “Temporal Noise Shaping, Quantization and Coding Methods in Perceptual Audio Coding: A Tutorial Introduction,” Proc. AES 17th Int. Conf., Florence, September 1999.

Herre, J., and J. D. Johnston, “Enhancing the Performance of Perceptual Audio Coders by Using Temporal Noise Shaping,” AES 101st Conv., preprint 4384, Los Angeles, November 1996.

Herre, J., and J. D. Johnston, “Exploiting Both Time and Frequency Structure in a System That Uses an Analysis/Synthesis Filter Bank with High-Frequency Resolution,” AES 103rd Conv., preprint 4519, New York, September 1997.

Herre, J., and M. Schug, “Analysis of Decompressed Audio—The Inverse Decoder,” AES 109th Conv., preprint 5256, Los Angeles, September 2000.

Herre, J., et al., “Analysis Tool for Real Time Measurements Using Perceptual Criteria,” Proc. AES 11th Int. Conf., Portland, May 1992.

Hollier, M. P., M. O. Hawksford, and D. R. Guard, “Algorithms for Assessing the Subjectivity of Perceptually Weighted Audible Errors,” JAES, vol. 43, no. 12, December 1995.

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Isherwood, D., et al., “Augmentation, Application and Verification of the Generalized Listener Selection Procedure,” AES 115th AES Conv., preprint 5984, New York, October 2003.

ITU-R Rec. BS.1116, “Methods for the Subjective Assessment of Small Impairments in Audio Systems Including Multichannel Sound Systems,” International Telecommunication Union, Geneva, 1994.

Iwadare, M., et al., “A 128 kb/s Hi-Fi Audio CODEC Based on Adaptive Transform Coding with Adaptive Block Size,” IEEE J. Sel. Areas in Commun., vol. 10, no. 1, January 1992.

Jang, D., et al., “A Multichannel Audio Codec System for Multichannel Audio Authoring,” AES 106th Conv., preprint 4914, Munich, May 1999.

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Jeong, H., and I. Jeong-Guon, “Implementation of a New Algorithm Using the STFT with Variable Frequency Resolution for the Time-Frequency Auditory Model,” JAES, vol. 47, no. 4, April 1999.

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Jiao, Y., et al., “Optimal Hierarchical Bandwidth Limitation of Surround Sound,” AES 124th Conv., preprint 7475, Amsterdam, May 2008.

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Keyhl, M., J. Herre, and C. Schmidmer, “NMR Measurements of Consumer Recording Devices Which Use Low Bit-Rate Audio Coding,” AES 94th Conv., preprint 3616, Berlin, March 1993.

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Krämer, U., et al., “Ultra Low Delay Audio Coding with Constant Bit Rate,” AES 117th Conv., preprint 6197, San Francisco, October 2004.

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Seitzer, D., K. Brandenburg, R. Kapust, E. Eberlein, H. Gerhaeuser, H. Popp, and H. Schott, “Real-Time Implementation of Low Complexity Adaptive Transform Coder,” AES 84th Conv., preprint 2581, Paris, March 1988.

Sinha, D., and A. Ferreira, “A New Broadcast Quality Low Bit Rate Audio Coding Scheme Utilizing Novel Bandwidth Extension Tools,” AES 119th Conv., preprint 6588, New York, October 2005.

Sinha, D., et al., A Novel Integrated Audio Bandwidth Extension Toolkit (ABET),” AES 120th Conv., preprint 6788, Paris, May 2006.

Smyth, N., and D. Trainor, “Reducing the Complexity of Sub-band ADPCM Coding to Enable High-Quality Audio Streaming from Mobile Devices,” AES 127th Conv., preprint 7891, New York, October 2009.

Soulodre, G. A., et al., “Subjective Evaluation of State-of-the-Art Two-Channel Audio Codecs,” JAES, vol. 46, no. 3, March 1998.

Sporer, T., and K. Brandenburg, “Constraints of Filter Banks Used for Perceptual Measurement,” JAES, vol. 43, no. 3, March 1995.

Sporer, T., J. Liebetrau, and S. Schneider, “Statistics of MUSHRA Revisited,” AES 127th Conv., preprint 7825, New York, October 2009.

Sporer, T., U. Gbur, J. Herre, and R. Kapust, “Evaluating a Measurement System,” JAES, vol. 43, no. 5, May 1995.

Stautner, J. P., “Scalable Audio Compression for Mixed Computing Environments,” AES 93rd Conv., preprint 3357, San Francisco, October 1992.

Stautner, J. P., and D. M. Horowitz, “Efficient Data Reduction for Digital Audio Using a Digital Filter Array,” Proc. ICASSP, pp. 13–16, 1986.

Storer, J. A., and M. Cohn (eds.), Proceedings of the Data Compression Conference, IEEE Computer Society Press, Snowbird, UT, March 1992.

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Tobias, J. V. (ed.), Foundations of Modern Auditory Theory, vol. 1, Academic Press, New York, 1970.

Trahiotis, C., “Progress and Pitfalls Associated with Scientific Measures of Auditory Acuity,” AES Digital Audio Collected Papers, Rye, 1983.

Tribolet, J. M., and R. E. Crochiere, “Frequency Domain Coding of Speech,” IEEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process., ASSP-27, pp. 512–530, 1979.

Tseng, H.-Y., H.-W. Hsu, and C.-M. Liu, “High Quality, Low Power QMF Bank Design for SBR, Parametric Coding, and MPEG Surround Decoders,” AES 122nd Conv., preprint 7000, Vienna, May 2007.

Tsoukalas, D. E., J. Mourjopoulos, and G. Kokkinakis, “Perceptual Filters for Audio Signal Enhancement,” JAES, vol. 45, no. 1/2, January/February 1997.

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Vaidyanathan, P. P., “Quadrature Mirror Filter Banks, M-Band Extensions and Perfect-Reconstruction Techniques,” IEEE ASSP Mag., vol. 4, no. 3, July 1987.

Van de Par, S., J. Koppens, A. Kohlrausch, and W. Oomen, “A New Perceptual Model for Audio Coding Based on Spectro-Temporal Masking,” AES 124th Conv., preprint 7336, Amsterdam, May 2008.

Van Schijndel, N. H., et al., “Adaptive RD Optimized Hybrid Sound Coding,” JAES, vol. 56, no. 10, October 2008.

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Zwicker, E., and U. T. Zwicker, “Audio Engineering and Psychoacoustics: Matching Signals to the Final Receiver, The Human Auditory System,” JAES, vol. 39, no. 3, March 1991.

11 Low Bit-Rate Coding: Codec Design

AT&T Bell Labs, “ASPEC,” Doc. No. 89/205, ISO-IEC/JTC1/SC2/WG8 MPEG-AUDIO, October 18, 1989.

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Bosi, M., et al., “ISO/IEC MPEG-2 Advanced Audio Coding,” JAES, vol. 45, no. 10, October 1997.

Brandenburg, K., “MP3 and AAC Explained,” Proc. AES 17th Int. Conf., Florence, September 1999.

Brandenburg, K., “OCF—A New Coding Algorithm for High Quality Sound Signals,” Proc. ICASSP, pp. 141–144, 1987.

Brandenburg, K., and M. Bosi, “Overview of MPEG Audio: Current and Future Standards for Low-Bit-Rate Audio Coding,” JAES, vol. 45, no. 1/2, January/February 1997.

Brandenburg, K., and J. D. Johnston, “Perceptual Coding of Audio Signals,” U.S. Patent 5,040,217, August 13, 1991; Re. 36,714, May 23, 2000.

Brandenburg K., and J. D. Johnston, “Second Generation Perceptual Audio Coding: The Hybrid Coder,” AES 88th Conv., preprint 2937, Montreux, March 1990.

Brandenburg, K., and D. Seitzer, “OCF: Coding High Quality Audio with Data Rates of 64 kbit/sec,” AES 85th Conv., preprint 2723, Los Angeles, November 1988.

Brandenburg, K., and T. Sporer, “NMR and Masking Flag: Evaluation of Quality Using Perceptual Criteria,” Proc. AES 11th Int. Conf., Portland, May 1992.

Brandenburg, K., and G. Stoll, “ISO-MPEG-1 Audio: A Generic Standard for Coding of High-Quality Digital Audio,” JAES, vol. 42, no. 10, October 1994.

Brandenburg, K., et al., “ASPEC: Adaptive Spectral Entropy Coding of High Quality Music Signals,” AES 90th Conv., preprint 3011, Paris, February 1991.

Brandenburg, K., et al., “Low Bit Rate Codecs for Audio Signals—Implementation in Real Time,” AES 85th Conv., preprint 2707, Los Angeles, November 1988.

Breebaart, J. et al., “Background, Concept, and Architecture for the Recent MPEG Surround Standard on Multichannel Audio Compression,” JAES, vol. 55, no. 5, May 2007.

Burgel, C., et al., “Beyond CD-Quality: Advanced Audio Coding (AAC) for High Resolution Audio with 24 Bit Resolution and 96 kHz Sampling Frequency,” AES 111th Conv., preprint 5476, New York, December 2001.

Chen, J., and H.-M. Tai, “Real-Time Implementation of the MPEG-2 Audio CODEC on a DSP,” IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., vol. 44, no. 3, August 1998.

Chen, Y.-C., “Fast Time-Frequency Transform Algorithms and Their Applications to Real-Time Software Implementation of AC-3 Audio Codec,” IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., vol. 44, no. 2, May 1998.

Datta, J., “Study of Window Performance with Respect to the Auditory Masking Curve for Low Bit-Rate Coding Applications,” AES 93rd Conv., preprint 3370, San Francisco, October 1992.

Davidson, G., L. D. Fielder, and M. Antill, “High-Quality Audio Transform Coding at 128 kbits/s,” Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. ASSP, Albuquerque, 1990.

Davidson, G., L. D. Fielder, and M. Antill, “Low Complexity Transform Coder for Satellite Link Applications,” AES 89th Conv., preprint 2966, Los Angeles, September 1990.

Davis, M., “The AC-3 Multichannel Coder,” AES 95th Conv., preprint 3774, New York, October 1993.

DeLancie, P., “Meridian Lossless Packing,” Mix, vol. 22, no. 12, December 1998.

Eberlein, E., et al., “Layer III: A Flexible Coding Standard,” AES 94th Conv., preprint 3493, Berlin, March 1993.

Elder, A. G., and S. G. Turner, “A Real-Time PC-Based Implementation of AC-2 Digital Audio Compression,” AES 95th Conv., preprint 3773, New York, October 1983.

Fejzo, Z., “DTS-HD: Technical Overview of Lossless Mode of Operation,” AES 118th Conv., preprint 6445, Barcelona, May 2005.

Fielder, L. D., and G. A. Davidson, “AC-2: A Family of Low Complexity Transform Based Music Coders,” Proc. AES 10th Int. Conf., London, September 1991.

Fielder, L. D., et al., “AC-2 and AC-3: Low-Complexity Transform-Based Audio Coding,” AES Collected Papers on Digital Audio Bit-Rate Reduction, N. Gilchrist and C. Grewin (eds.), Audio Engineering Society, 1996.

Fielder, L. D., et al., “Introduction to Dolby Digital Plus, an Enhancement to the Dolby Digital Coding System,” AES 117th Conv., preprint 6196, San Francisco, October 2004.

Finger, R. A., “DCC Format” Matsushita Technical Lecture, Osaka, October 15, 1991.

Fletcher, J., “ISO/MPEG Layer 2—Optimum Re-Encoding of Decoded Audio Using a MOLE Signal,” AES 104th Conv., preprint 4706, Amsterdam, May 1998.

Gaston, L., and R. Sanders, “Evaluation of HE-ACC, AC-3, and E-AC-3 Codecs,” JAES, vol. 56, no. 3, March 2008.

Gerzon, M. A., et al., “The MLP Lossless Compression System for PCM Audio,” JAES, vol. 52, no. 3, March 2004.

Grill, B., et al., “Closing the Gap between the Multichannel and the Stereo Audio World: Recent MP3 Surround Extensions,” AES 120th Conv., preprint 6754, Paris, May 2006.

Herre, J., et al., “MPEG Surround—The ISO/MPEG Standard for Efficient and Compatible Multichannel Audio Coding,” JAES, vol. 56, no. 11, November 2008.

Herre, J., et al., “MP3 Surround: Efficient and Compatible Coding of Multichannel Audio,” AES 116th Conv., preprint 6049, Berlin, May 2004.

Herre, J., et al., “The Reference Model Architecture for MPEG Spatial Audio Coding,” AES 118th Conv., preprint 6447, Barcelona, May 2005.

Hilpert, J., et al., “Implementing ISO/MPEG-2 Advanced Audio Coding in Realtime on a Fixed Point DSP,” AES 105th Conv., preprint 4822, San Francisco, September 1998.

ISO/IEC 11172-3:1993, “Information Technology—Coding of Moving Pictures and Associated Audio for Digital Storage Media at up to about 1.5 Mbit/s, Part 3: Audio,” International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, 1993.

ISO/IEC 13818-3: 1997, “Information Technology—Generic Coding of Moving Pictures and Associated Audio Information, Part 3: Audio,” International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, 1997.

ISO/IEC 13818-3: 1997, “Information Technology—Generic Coding of Moving Pictures and Associated Audio Information, Part 7: Advanced Audio Coding (AAC),” International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, 1997.

ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 N1420, “Overview of the Report on the Formal Subjective Listening Tests of the MPEG-2 AAC Multichannel Audio Coding,” Maceio, Brazil, November 1996.

ITU-R Rec. BS.1115, “Low Bit Rate Audio Coding,” International Telecommunication Union, Geneva, 1994.

Johnston, J. D., et al., “AT&T Perceptual Audio Coding (PAC),” AES Collected Papers on Digital Audio Bit-Rate Reduction, N. Gilchrist and C. Grewin (eds.), June 1996.

Jhung, Y., and S. Park, “Architecture of Dual Mode Audio Filter for AC-3 and MPEG,” IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., vol. 43, no. 3, August 1997.

Kate, W. R., et al., “5-Channel MUSICAM Codec,” AES 94th Conv., preprint 3671, Berlin, March 1993.

Kawakami, D., “The Sony MiniDisc (MD),” Broadcast Engineering, February 1993.

Kim, J. H., E. Oh, and J. Robilliard, “Enhanced Stereo Coding with Phase Parameters for MPEG Unified Speech and Audio Coding,” AES 127th Conv., preprint 7875, New York, October 2009.

Kim, S.-Y., et al., “A Real-Time Implementation of the MPEG-2 Audio Encoder,” IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., vol. 43, no. 3, August 1997.

Ko, W.-S., et al., “A VLSI Implementation of Dual AC-3 and MPEG-2 Audio Decoder,” IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., vol. 44, no. 3, August 1998.

Lau, W., and A. Chwu, “A Common Transform Engine for MPEG & AC3 Audio Decoder,” IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., vol. 43, no. 3, August 1997.

Liu, C.-M., and W.-C. Lee, “The Design of a Hybrid Filter Bank for the Psychoacoustic Model in ISO/MPEG Phases 1,2 Audio Encoder,” IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., vol. 43, no. 3, August 1997.

Liu, C.-M., et al., Efficient Bit Reservoir Design for MP3 and AAC,” AES 117th Conv., preprint 6200, San Francisco, October 2004.

Lokhoff, G. C. P., “DCC—Digital Compact Cassette,” IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., vol. 37, no. 3, August 1991.

Lokhoff, G. C. P., “The Digital Compact Cassette,” AES Collected Papers on Digital Audio Bit-Rate Reduction, N. Gilchrist and C. Grewin (eds.), Audio Engineering Society, 1996.

Lokhoff, G. C. P., “Precision Adaptive Subband Coding (PASC) for the Digital Compact Cassette (DCC),” IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., vol. 38, no. 4, November 1992.

Maeda, Y., “MiniDisc System,” J. Acoust. Soc. Jpn., vol. 49, no. 4, April 1993.

MPEG Audio Web Page, http://www.tnt.uni-hannover.de/project/mpeg/audio/.

Najaf-Zadeh, H., et al., “Use of Auditory Temporal Masking in the MPEG Psychoacoustic Model 2,” AES 114th Conv., preprint 5840, Amsterdam, 2003.

Nishida, S., et al., “New Developments for the Mini Disc System,” IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., vol. 40, no. 3, August 1994.

Nithin, S., et al., “Low Complexity Bit Allocation Algorithms for MP3/AAC Encoding,” AES 124th Conv., preprint 7339, Amsterdam, May 2008.

Noll, P., “MPEG Digital Audio Coding,” IEEE Sig. Proc. Mag., September 1997.

Pan, D., “A Tutorial on MPEG/Audio Compression,” IEEE Multimedia, Summer 1995.

Petitcolas, F. A. P., “MPEG for Matlab,” www.petitcolas.net/fabien/software/mpeg/.

Pohlmann, K. C., “MiniDisc Technology, Parts 1–5,” Mix, vol. 16, no. 11, November 1992—vol. 17, no. 3, March 1993.

Pohlmann, K. C., “The PASC Algorithm, Part 1,” Mix, vol. 16, no. 3, March 1992.

Pras, A., R. Zimmerman, D. Levitin, and C. Guastavino, “Subjective Evaluation of MP3 Compression for Different Musical Genres,” AES 127th Conv., preprint 7879, New York, October 2009.

Rault, J. B., et al., “MUSICAM (ISO/MPEG Audio) Very Low Bit-Rate Coding at Reduced Sampling Frequency,” AES 95th Conv., preprint 3741, New York, October 1993.

Ryu, S.-U., and K. Rose, “A Frame Loss Concealment Technique for MPEG-AAC,” AES 120th Conv., preprint 6662, Paris, May 2006.

Schneider, A., K. Krauss, and A. Ehret, “Evaluation of Real-Time Transport Protocol Configurations Using aacPlus,” AES 120th Conv., preprint 6789, Paris, May 2006.

Schroeder, E. F., and J. Boehm, “Original File Length (OFL) for mp3, mp3PRO and other Audio Codecs,” AES 114th Conv., preprint 5830, Amsterdam, March 2003.

Shilen, S., “Guide to MPEG-1 Audio Standard,” IEEE Trans. Broadcast., vol. 40, December 1994.

Smyth, S. M. F., et al., “DTS Coherent Acoustics,” AES 100th Conv., preprint 4293, Copenhagen, May 1996.

Smythe, M., and S. Smythe, “Apt-X100: A Low-Delay, Low Bit-Rate, Sub-Band ADPCM Audio Coder for Broadcasting,” Proc. AES 10th Int. Conf., London, September 1991.

Sony Corporation, “Overview to the Technology behind MiniDisc,” Audio Development Group, 1992.

Sony Corporation, “Recordable MiniDisc Technical Information,” MiniDisc Division, Recording Media Group, 1992.

Soulodre, G., and M. Lavoie, “Subjective Evaluation of MPEG Layer II with Spectral Band Replication,” AES 117th Conv., preprint 6185, San Francisco, October 2004.

Sreenivas, T. V., and M. Dietz, “Improved AAC Performance at <64 kb/s using VQ,” AES 104th Conv., preprint 4750, Amsterdam, May 1998.

Stoll, G., “ISO-MPEG-2 Audio: A Generic Standard for the Coding of Two-Channel and Multichannel Sound,” AES Collected Papers on Digital Audio Bit-Rate Reduction, N. Gilchrist and C. Grewin (eds.), Audio Engineering Society, 1996.

Stoll, G., “A Perceptual Coding Technique Offering the Best Compromise between Quality, Bit-Rate, and Complexity for DSB,” AES 94th Conv., preprint 3458, Berlin, March 1993.

Stoll, G., M. Link, and G. Thiele, “Masking-Pattern Adapted Subband Coding: Use of the Dynamic Bit-Rate Margin,” AES 84th Conv., preprint 2585, Paris, March 1988.

Stoll, G., et al., “Generic Architecture of the ISO/MPEG Audio Layer I and II: Compatible Developments to Improve the Quality and Addition of New Features,” AES 95th Conv., preprint 3697, New York, October 1993.

Stuart, J. R., “Further Evaluation of MLP for DVD-Audio,” Ad Hoc Committee 5 of WG-4, July 12, 1998.

Sugiyama, A., et al., “Adaptive Transform Coding with an Adaptive Block Size (ATCABS),” Proc. IEEE Int. Conf. ASSP, Albuquerque, NM, 1990.

Ten Kate, W. R., et al., “Scalability in MPEG Audio Compression: From Stereo via 5.1-Channel Surround Sound to 7.1-Channel Augmented Sound Fields,” AES 100th Conv., preprint 4196, Copenhagen, May 1996.

Thiele, G., M. Link, and G. Stoll, “Low Bit Rate Coding of High Quality Audio Signals,” AES 82nd Conv., preprint 2432, London, March 1987.

Thiele, G., G. Stoll, and M. Link, “Low Bit-Rate Coding of High Quality Audio Signals: An Introduction to the MASCAM System,” EBU Review, UHF Satellite Sound Broadcasting, no. 230, August 1988.

Todd, C. C., et al., “AC-3: Flexible Perceptual Coding for Audio Transmission and Storage,” AES 96th Conv., preprint 3796, Amsterdam, February 1994.

Tsurushima, K., et al. “MiniDisc: Disc-Based Digital Recording for Portable Audio Applications,” AES Collected Papers on Digital Audio Bit-Rate Reduction, N. Gilchrist and C. Grewin (eds.), 1996.

Tsutsui, K., et al., “ATRAC: Adaptive Transform Acoustic Coding for MiniDisc,” AES Collected Papers on Digital Audio Bit-Rate Reduction, N. Gilchrist and C. Grewin (eds.), 1996.

United States Advanced Television Systems Committee, “Digital Audio Compression (AC-3),” ATSC Draft Standard, Doc. T3/S7-016, July 25, 1994.

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Wirtz, G. C., “Digital Compact Cassette: Background and System Description,” AES 91st Conv., preprint 3215, New York, October 1991.

Witte, F. O., and W. Sinnhofer, “Single-Chip Implementation of an ISO/MPEG Layer III Decoder,” AES 96th Conv., preprint 3805, Amsterdam, February/March 1994.

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Ziegler, T., et al., “Enhancing mp3 with SBR: Features and Capabilities of the new mp3PRO Algorithm,” AES 112th Conv., preprint 5560, Munich, May 2002.

12 Speech Coding for Transmission

Aarts, R. M., E. Larsen, and O. Ouweltjes, “A Unified Approach to Low- and High-Frequency Bandwidth Extension,” AES 115th Conv., preprint 5921, New York, October 2003.

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Ehara, H., T. Morii, and K. Yoshida, “Predictive Vector Quantization of Wideband LSF Using Narrowband LSF for Bandwidth Scalable Coders,” Speech Comm., vol. 49, no. 6, 2007.

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ITU-T Rec. G.764, Voice Packetization–Packetized Voice Protocols, International Telecommunication Union (ITU), 1990.

ITU-T Rec. P800, Methods for Subjective Determination of Transmission Quality, International Telecommunication Union (ITU), 1996.

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Jax, P., and P. Vary, “Bandwidth Extension of Speech Signals: A Catalyst for the Introduction of Wideband Speech Coding?” IEEE Comm. Mag., vol. 44, no. 5, 2006.

Jax, P., and P. Vary, “An Upper Bound on the Quality of Artificial Bandwidth Extension of Narrowband Speech Signals.” Proc. ICASSP, Orlando, vol. 1, 2002.

Kamaruzzaman, M., and H. Taddei, “Embedded Speech Codec Based on Speex,” AES 116th Conv., preprint 6173, Berlin, May 2004.

Kemp, D. P., R. A. Sueda, and T. E. Tremain, “An Evaluation of 4800 bps Voice Coders,” Proc. ICASSP, vol. 1, May 1989.

Kim, D. Y., et al., “Bandwidth Extension for Scalable Audio Coding,” Proc. AES 29th Int. Conf., Seoul, September 2006.

Kitawaki, N., and H. Nagabuchi, “Quality Assessment of Speech Coding and Speech Synthesis Systems,” IEEE Comm. Mag., October 1988.

Kleijn, W. B., D. J. Krasinski, and R. H. Ketchum, “Fast Methods for the CELP Speech Coding Algorithm,” IEEE Trans. ASSP, ASSP-38, 1990.

Koishada, K., V. Cuperman, and A. Gersho, “A 16 kbit/s Bandwidth Scalable Audio Coder Based on the G.729 Standard,” Proc. ICASSP, Instanbul, 2000.

Kovesi, B., D. Massaloux, and A. Sollaud, “A Scalable Speech and Audio Coding Scheme with Continuous Bitrate Flexibility,” Proc. ICASSP, Montreal, 2004.

Kroon, P., and B. S. Atal, “Strategies for Improving the Performance of CELP Coders at Low Bit Rates,” Proc. ICASSP, New York, 1988.

Kulesza, M., and A. Czyzewski, “Speech Codec Enhancements Utilizing Time Compression and Perceptual Coding,” AES 122nd Conv., preprint 7004, Vienna, May 2007.

Kulesza, M., G. Szwoch, and A. Czyzewski, “A Hybrid Speech Codec Employing Parametric and Perceptual Coding Techniques,” AES 121st Conv., preprint 6956, San Francisco, October 2006.

Kurittu, A., “Validation of ITU-T P.563 Single-Ended Objective Speech Quality Measurement,” JAES, vol. 54, no. 11, November 2006.

Kurittu, A., et al., “Application and Verification of the Objective Quality Assessment Method According to ITU Recommendation Series ITU-T P.862,” JAES, vol. 54, no. 12, December 2006.

Larsen, E., and R.M. Aarts (eds.), Audio Bandwidth Extension, John Wiley & Sons, 2004.

Le Dinh, K., C. T. Le Dinh, and R. Lefebvre, “A New Bandwidth Extension for Audio Signals without Using Side-Information,” AES 126th Conv., preprint 7654, Munich, May 2009.

Lee, W. C. Y., Wireless & Cellular Telecommunications, 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill, 2005.

Maher, R. C., “Wavetable Synthesis Strategies for Mobile Devices,” JAES, vol. 53, no. 3, March 2005.

Makhoul, J. I., “Linear Prediction: A Tutorial Review,” Proc. IEEE, vol. 63, April 1975.

Makhoul, J. I., and M. Berouti, “Adaptive Noise Spectral Shaping and Entropy Coding in Predictive Coding of Speech,” IEEE Trans. ASSP, ASSP-27, 1979.

Markel, J. D., and A. H. Gray, Linear Prediction of Speech, Springer-Verlag, 1976.

Martin, R., U. Heute, and C. Antweiler (eds)., Advances in Digital Speech Transmission, John Wiley & Sons, 2008.

Mattila, V.-V., and A. Kurittu, “Practical Issues in Objective Speech Quality Assessment with ITU-T P.862,” AES 117th Conv., preprint 6209, San Francisco, October 2004.

Meana, H. P. (ed.), Advances in Audio and Speech Signal Processing, IGI Global, 2007.

Mermelstein, P., “A New CCITT Coding Standard for Digital Transmission of Wideband Audio Signals,” IEEE Comm. Mag., January 1988.

Neuendorf, M., et al., “A Novel Scheme for Low Bit Rate Unified Speech and Audio Coding—MPEG RM0,” AES 126th Conv., preprint 7713, Munich, May 2009.

Nomura, T., et al., “A Bitrate and Bandwidth Scalable CELP Coder,” Proc. ICASSP, vol. 1, Seattle, 1998.

Park, S.-H., Y. B. Kim, and Y. S. Seo, “Multi-Layer Bit-Sliced Bit-Rate Scalable Audio Coding,” AES 103rd Conv., preprint 4520, New York, September 1997.

Philippe, P., D. Virette, and B. Kövesi, “Time-Varying Transform for High Quality Audio Communication Codecs,” AES 124th Conv., preprint 7333, Amsterdam, May 2008.

Raake, A., M. Wältermann, and S. Spors, “Which Wideband Speech Codec? Quality Impact Due to Room-Acoustics at Send Side and Presentation Method,” AES 127th Conv., preprint 7823, New York, October 2009.

Ragot, S., et al., “A 8-32 kbit/s Scalable Wideband Speech and Audio Coding Candidate for ITU-T G.729EV Standardization,” Proc. ICASSP, Toulouse, 2006.

Ragot, S., et al., “ITU-T G.729.1: An 8-32 kbit/s Scalable Coder Interoperable with G.729 for Wideband Telephony and Voice over IP,” Proc. ICASSP, Honolulu, 2007.

Sagi, A., and D. Malah, “Bandwidth Extension of Telephone Speech Aided by Data Embedding,” EURASIP J. Advances in Signal Processing, vol. 2007, no. 1, 2007.

Sagi, A., and D. Malah, “Data Embedding in Speech Signals Using Perceptual Masking,” Proc. EUSIPCO, Vienna, 2004.

Schroeder, M. R., and B. S. Atal, “Code-Excited Linear Prediction (CELP): High-quality Speech at Very Low Bit Rates,” Proc. ICASSP, Tampa, 1985.

Schroeder, M. R., B. S. Atal, and J. L. Hall, “Optimizing Digital Speech Coders by Exploiting Masking Properties of the Human Ear,” JASA, vol. 66, no. 6, 1979.

Shao, C., and M. Bouchard, A Perceptual Post Filter for Wideband Speech and Audio ACELP Codecs,” AES 118th Conv., preprint 6379, Barcelona, May 2005.

Soong, F. K., R. V. Cox, and N. S. Jayant, “Subband Coding of Speech Using Backward Adaptive Prediction and Bit Allocation,” Proc. ICASSP, vol. 4, April 1985.

Spanias, A., T. Painter, and V. Atti, Audio Signal Processing and Coding, Wiley-Interscience, 2007.

Taddei, H., D. Massaloux, and A. Le Guyader, “A Scalable Three Bitrate (8, 14.2, and 24 kbit/s) Audio Coder,” AES 107th Conv., preprint 5034, New York, 1999.

Taddei, H., et al., “Mode Adaptive Unequal Error Protection for Transform Predictive Speech and Audio Coders,” Proc. ICASSP, Orlando, 2002.

Taka, M., and X. Maitre, “CCITT Standardizing Activities on Speech Coding,” Proc. ICASSP, April 1986.

Taniguchi, T, S. Unagami, and R. M. Gray, “Multimode Coding: Application to CELP,” Proc. ICASSP, vol. 1, May 1989.

Taniguchi, T. S., et al., “Improved CELP Speech Coding at 4 kb/s and Below,” Proc. Int. Conf. on Spoken Language Processing, November 1992.

Tapia, J., et al., “Introduction to the OpenCORE Audio Components used in the Android Platform,” Proc. AES 34th Int. Conf., Jeju Island, Korea, August 2008.

Turnbull, R., P. Hughes, and S. Hoare, “Audio Enhancement for Portable Device-Based Speech Applications,” AES 124th Conv., preprint 7350, Amsterdam, May 2008.

Valin, J.-M., and C. Montgomery, “Improved Noise Weighting in CELP Coding of Speech—Applying the Vorbis Psychoacoustic Model to Speex,” AES 120th Conv., preprint 6746, Paris, May 2006.

Vary, P., and R. Martin, Digital Speech Transmission: Enhancement, Coding and Error Concealment, John Wiley & Sons, 2006.

13 Audio Interconnection

Adams, R., and T. Kwan, “Theory and VLSI Architectures for Asynchronous SampleRate Converters,” JAES, vol. 41, no. 7/8, July/August 1993.

Adams, R., et al., “An Integrated AES/EBU Receiver/Sample-Rate Converter,” AES 103rd Conv., preprint 4536, New York, September 1997.

AES3-1992, “AES Recommended Practice for Digital Audio Engineering—Serial Transmission Format for Two-Channel Linearly Represented Digital Audio Data,” JAES, vol. 40, no. 3, March 1992.

AES3-1992 Amendment 1-1997, Amendment 2-1998, Amendment 3-1999, JAES, vol. 47, no. 3, March 1999.

AES-2id-1996, “AES Information Document for Digital Audio Engineering—Guidelines for the Use of the AES3 Interface,” JAES, vol. 44, no. 10, October 1996.

AES-3id-1995, “AES Information Document for Digital Audio Engineering—Transmission of AES3 Formatted Data by Unbalanced Coaxial Cable,” JAES, vol. 43, no. 10, October 1995.

AES5-1998, “AES Recommended Practice for Professional Digital Audio—Preferred Sampling Frequencies for Applications Employing Pulse-Code Modulation,” JAES, vol. 46, no. 10, October 1998.

AES10-1991, “AES Recommended Practice for Digital Audio Engineering—Serial Multichannel Audio Digital Interface (MADI),” JAES, vol. 39, no. 5, May 1991.

AES11-1997, “AES Recommended Practice for Digital Audio Engineering—Synchronization of Digital Audio Equipment in Studio Operations,” JAES, vol. 45, no. 4, April 1997.

AES17-1991, “AES Standard Method for Digital Audio Engineering—Measurement of Digital Audio Equipment,” JAES, vol. 39, no. 12, December 1991.

AES18-1996, “AES Recommended Practice for Digital Audio Engineering—Format for the User Data Channel of the AES Digital Audio Interface,” JAES, vol. 44, no. 11, November 1996.

AES24-1-1999, “AES Standard for Sound System Control—Application Protocol for Controlling and Monitoring Audio Devices via Digital Data Networks—Part 1: Principles, Formats and Basic Procedures,” JAES, vol. 47, no. 4, April 1999.

Ajemian, R. G., “Audio Rides the Light of Fiber Optics: A Tutorial,” JAES, vol. 57, no. 6, June 2009.

Ajemian, R. G., “Fiber-Optic Connector Considerations for Professional Audio,” JAES, vol. 40, no. 6, June 1992.

Ajemian, R. G., and A. B. Grundy, “Fiber-Optics—The New Medium for Audio: A Tutorial,” JAES, vol. 38, no. 3, March 1990.

Allard, F. C., Fiber Optics Handbook for Engineers and Scientists, McGraw-Hill, 1990.

Angelici, M., et al., “New Architecture for an AES-EBU Digital Audio Receiver,” IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., vol. 43, no. 3, August 1997.

Cabot, R. C., “Measuring AES-EBU Digital Audio Interfaces,” JAES, vol. 38, no. 6, June 1990.

Cabot, R. C., “Testing Digital Audio Devices in the Digital Domain,” AES 86th Conv., preprint 2800, Hamburg, March 1989.

Caine, R., “Timing in Digital Audio Systems—The Importance of AES11,” AES 100th Conv., preprint 4221, Copenhagen, May 1996.

Chan, C., “Monitoring Digital Audio/Video Signals,” Broadcast Engineering, November 1994.

Cheo, P. K., Fiber Optics, Devices and Systems, Prentice Hall, 1985.

Cherin, A. H., An Introduction to Optical Fibers, McGraw-Hill, 1983.

Commerce Clearing House, “Technical Reference Document for Digital Audio Recorders,” Copyright Law Reports, No. 16,080, 1992.

Dick, B., “Building Fiber-Optic Transmission Systems—Parts 1, 2, 3” Broadcast Engineering, November/December 1991, January 1992.

Dunn, C., and M. O. J. Hawksford, “Is the AES/EBU/SPDIF Digital Audio Interface Flawed?” AES 93rd Conv., preprint 3360, San Francisco, October 1992.

EBU (European Broadcasting Union), Specification of the Digital Audio Interface, EBU Doc. Tech., 3250, 1992.

Finger, R. A., “The Revised Two-Channel Digital Audio Interface,” JAES, vol. 40, no. 3, March 1992.

Frankel, D., “ISDN Reaches the Market,” IEEE Spectr., vol. 32, no. 6, June 1995.

Geckeler, S., Optical Transmission Systems, Artech House, 1987.

Harris, S., et al., “A Monolithic 24-Bit, 96-kHz Sample-Rate Converter with AES3 Receiver and AES3 Transmitter,” AES 106th Conv., preprint 4965, Munich, May 1999.

Haynes, D., “Tying It All Together: Synchronization Issues for All-Digital Studios,” Mix, vol. 16, no. 7, July 1992.

Izawa, T., and S. Sudo, Optical Fibers: Materials and Fabrication, KTK Scientific Publishers, 1987.

JAES Staff, “Moving Digital Audio, Part 1,” JAES, December 2002.

JAES Staff, “Moving Digital Audio, Part 2,” JAES, March 2003.

Jones, Jr., W. B., Introduction to Optical Fiber Communication Systems, Holt, Reinhart and Winston, 1988.

Karley, B. A., “Fiber Optics,” Advanced Digital Audio, K. C. Pohlmann (ed.), Howard W. Sams, 1991.

Kirby, D. G., “Twisted-Pair Cables for AES/EBU Digital Audio Signals,” JAES, vol. 43, no. 3, March 1995.

Koch, A., R. Lagadec, and D. Pelloni, “Method and Apparatus for Converting an Input Scanning Sequence into an Output Scanning Sequence,” U.S. Patent 4,825,398, April 25, 1989.

Lagadec, R., “Digital Sampling Frequency Conversion,” AES Digital Audio Collected Papers, Rye, 1983.

Lagadec, R., and H. Kunz, “Process and Apparatus for Translating the Sampling Rate of a Sampling Sequence,” U.S. Patent 4,748,578, May 31, 1988.

Lambert, M., “Digital Audio Interfaces,” JAES, vol. 38, no. 9, September 1990.

Lin, C., Optoelectronic Technology and Lightwave Communications Systems, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1989.

Mahlke, G., and P. Gossing, Fiber Optic Cables: Fundamentals, Cable Technology, Installation Practice, John Wiley & Sons, 1987.

Miller, C. M., Optical Fiber Splices and Connectors, Theory and Method, Marcel Dekker, 1986.

Murata, H., Handbook of Optical Fibers and Cables, Marcel Dekker, 1988.

Page, M., et al., “Multi-Channel Audio Connection for Direct Stream Digital,” AES 113th Conv., preprint 5691, Los Angeles, October 2002.

Paulson, C. R., “Fiber Optic Transmission Systems,” National Association of Broadcasters Engineering Handbook, 8th ed., NAB, 1992.

Personick, S. D., Fiber Optics Technology and Applications, Plenum Press, 1985.

Rabiner, L. R., “Digital Techniques for Changing the Sampling Rate of a Signal,” AES Digital Audio Collected Papers, Rye, 1983.

Robjohns, H., “Digital Interconnections—Parts 1–2,” Audio Media, August/September 1994.

Rumsey, F., “Audio Programme Interchange: Networks, File Formats, and Real-Time Transfer,” AES 95th Conv., preprint 3737, New York, October 1993.

Rumsey, F., Digital Audio Operations, Focal Press, 1991.

Sakura, S., et al., “Fiber Optics Links for Digital Audio Interface,” IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., vol. CE-34, no. 3, August 1988.

Sanchez, C. W., “An Understanding and Implementation of the SCMS Serial Copy Management System for Digital Audio Transmission,” JAES, vol. 42, no. 3, March 1994.

Shelton, W. T., “Synchronization of Digital Audio,” Proc. AES 7th Int. Conf., Toronto, May 1989.

Talbot, D., “Fiber-Optic Transmission and Professional Audio,” JAES, vol. 42, no. 5, May 1994.

14 Personal Computer Audio

Anderson, D., USB System Architecture (USB 2.0), Addison-Wesley Developer’s Press, 2001.

Audio and Music Data Transmission Protocol (Version 1.0, May 1997), 1394 Trade Association, www.1394TA.org.

Bagnaschi, C. L., “A Magnetic Storage Disk-Based Digital Audio Recording, Editing, and Processing System,” AES 83rd Conv., preprint 2505, New York, October 1987.

Barish, J., “A Survey of New Sound Technology for PCs,” AES 105th Conv., preprint 4844, San Francisco, September 1998.

Chan, C., “Hard Drives,” Broadcast Engineering, September 1994.

De Lancie, P., “Audio in Mac Authoring,” Mix, vol. 18, no. 7, July 1994.

Dunn, J., “Sample Clock Jitter and Real-Time Audio over the IEEE 1394 High Performance Serial Bus,” AES 106th Conv., preprint 4920, Munich, May 1999.

Elen, R. G., “The Integration of Large-Scale Studio Systems,” Recording Engineer/Producer, February 1988.

Fujimori, J., and R. Foss, “mLAN: Current Status and Future Directions,” AES 113th Conv., preprint 5699, Los Angeles, October 2002.

Fujimori, J., and S. Kakiuchi, “Digital Audio Transmission Over IEEE 1394: Protocol, Design and Implementation,” AES 103rd Conv., preprint 4547, New York, September 1997.

Fujimori, J., and Y. Osakabe, “Digital Audio and Performance Data Transmission Protocol Over IEEE 1394,” AES 101st Conv., preprint 4346, Los Angeles, November 1996.

IEC 61883-1 (1998-02), Consumer Audio/Video Equipment—Digital Interface—Part 1: General.

Ingebretsen, R. B., and T. G. Stockham, Jr., “Random Access Editing of Digital Audio,” JAES, vol. 32, no. 3, March 1984.

Intel Corporation, Audio Codec ’97 (AC ’97) Component Specification, http://www.intel.com/pcsupp/platform/ac97.

Jorgensen, F., The Complete Handbook of Magnetic Recording, 3rd ed., TAB Books, 1988.

Kientzle, T., A Programmer’s Guide to Sound, Addison-Wesley, 1997.

Kunzman, A. J., and A. T. Wetzel, “1394 High Performance Serial Bus: The Digital Interface for ATV,” IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., vol. 41, no. 3, August 1995.

Lambert, M., “Defining a Digital Audio Workstation,” Mix, vol. 18, no. 7, July 1994.

Leider, C., Digital Audio Workstation, McGraw-Hill, New York, 2004.

Lidbetter, P. S., “Digital Tape Transfer Console,” AES 79th Conv., preprint 2276, New York, October 1985.

Lowman, C., Magnetic Recording, McGraw-Hill, 1972.

McNally, G. W., “Fast Edit Point Location and Cueing in Disc-Based Digital Audio System,” AES 78th Conv., preprint 2232, Anaheim, May 1985.

McNally, G. W., P. S. Gaskell, and A. J. Stirling, “Digital Audio Editing,” AES 77th Conv., preprint 2214, Hamburg, March 1985.

Moorer, J. A., “The Lucasfilm Audio Signal Processor,” Comput. Music J., Fall 1982.

Moorer, J. A., and J. Borish, “An Optical Disk Recording, Archiving, and Editing Device for Digital Audio Signal Processing,” AES 81st Conv., preprint 2376, Los Angeles, November 1986.

Moorer, J. A., et al., “The Digital Audio Processing Station: A New Concept in Audio Postproduction,” JAES, vol. 34, no. 6, June 1986.

Moses, B., “Home Networking Using IEEE 1394 in Combination with other Networking Technologies,” AES 17th UK Conf., London, April 2002.

Moses, B., “Implementing Digital Audio Devices for the IEEE 1394 High Performance Serial Bus,” AES 105th Conv., preprint 4761, San Francisco, September 1998.

Moses, B, and G. Bartlett, “Audio Distribution and Control Using the IEEE 1394 Serial Bus,” AES 103rd Conv., preprint 4548, New York, September 1997.

Mueller, S., Upgrading and Repairing PCs, 11th ed., Que, 1999.

OMF Interchange Specification, Version 1.0, Avid Technology, May 1993.

Pirkle, W., and K. Pohlmann, “PC Sound: Better All Around,” PC, vol. 18, no. 3, February 9, 1999.

Pohlmann, K., and W. Pirkle, “The Shifting Soundscape,” PC, vol. 17, no. 1, January 6, 1998.

Roach, D., S. Janus, and W. Jones, High Definition Audio for the Digital Home, Intel Press, 2006.

Schwartz, R., “File Interchange Formats,” Mix, vol. 18, no. 7, July 1994.

Snell, J. M., “Professional Real-Time Signal Processor for Synthesis, Sampling, Mixing, and Recording,” AES 83rd Conv., preprint 2508, New York, October 1987.

USB Implementers Forum, “Universal Serial Bus Device Class Definition for Audio Data Formats,” Release 1.0, March 1998.

USB Implementers Forum, “Universal Serial Bus Device Class Definition for Audio Devices,” Release 1.0, March 1998.

Universal Serial Bus Specification, Revision 1.1, September 1998.

Whitaker, J., “Hard Disk Recording Technology,” Recording Engineer/Producer, March 1988.

Wickelgren, I. J., “The Facts About FireWire,” IEEE Spectr., vol. 34, no. 4, April 1997.

15 Telecommunications and Internet Audio

AES47-2002, “AES Standard for Digital Audio—Digital Input-Output Interfacing—Transmission of Digital Audio over Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Networks,” JAES, vol. 51, no. 7/8, July/August 2003.

AES-R4-2002, “Guidelines for AES Standard for Digital Audio—Digital Input-Output Interfacing—Transmission of Digital Audio over Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) Networks, AES47,” JAES, vol. 51, no. 7/8, July/August 2003.

Aikawa, M., et al., “A Lightweight Encryption Method Suitable for Copyright Protection,” IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., vol. 44, no. 3, August 1998.

Allamanche, E., et al., “MPEG-4 Low-Delay Audio Coding Based on the AAC Codec,” AES 106th Conv., preprint 4929, Munich, May 1999.

Bai, M. R., and M.-C. Chen, “Intelligent Preprocessing and Classification of Audio Signals,” JAES, vol. 55, no. 5, May 2007.

Barbedo, J. G. A., and A. Lopes, “Automatic Musical Genre Classification Using a Flexible Approach,” JAES, vol. 56, no. 7/8, July/August 2008.

Bargar, R., et al., “Networking Audio and Music Using Internet2 and Next-Generation Internet Capabilities,” JAES, vol. 47, no. 4, April 1999.

Bluetooth Audio Video Working Group, “Advanced Audio Distribution Profile Specification,” Adopted Version 1.0, May 2003.

Boccuzzi, J., Signal Processing for Wireless Communications, McGraw-Hill, 2008.

Bonime, A., and K. Pohlmann, Writing for New Media, John Wiley & Sons, 1998.

Bouillot, N., et al., “AES White Paper: Best Practices in Network Audio,” JAES, vol. 57, no. 9, September 2009.

Bouillot, N., et al., Performance Metrics for Network Audio Systems: Methodology and Comparison,” AES 127th Conv., preprint 7940, New York, October 2009.

Brandenburg, K., and B. Grill, “First Ideas on Scalable Audio Coding,” AES 97th Conv., preprint 3924, San Francisco, November 1994.

Burred, J. J., and A. Lerch, “Hierarchical Automatic Audio Signal Classification,” JAES, vol. 52, no. 7/8, July/August 2004.

Campbell, Jr., J. R., “Speaker Recognition: A Tutorial,” Proc. IEEE, vol. 85, no. 9, 1997.

Campbell, K., “Deploying Large Scale Audio IP Networks,” AES 126th Conv., preprint 7652, Munich, May 2009.

Chigwamba, N., and R. Foss, “Enhancing End-User Capabilities in High Speed Audio Networks,” AES 123rd Conv., preprint 7208, New York, October 2007.

Chon, S. B., et al., “A Bit Reduction Algorithm for Spectral Band Replication using the Masking Effect,” Proc. AES 34th Int. Conf., Jeju Island, Korea, August 2008.

D’Aguanno, A., and G. Haus, “Audio Fingerprint and its Applications to Peer-to-Peer Systems,” AES 124th Conv., preprint 7321, Amsterdam, May 2008.

Dahlman, E., S. Parkvall, J. Skold, and P. Beming, 3G Evolution, 2nd ed., Academic Press, 2007.

Den Brinker, A. C., et al., “Parametric Coding for High-Quality Audio,” AES 112th Conv., preprint 5554, Munich, May 2002.

Denckla, B., “Subtractive Dither for Internet Audio,” JAES, vol. 46, no. 7/8, July/August 1998.

Dietz, M., et al., “Audio Compression for Network Transmission,” JAES, vol. 44, no. 1/2, January/February 1996.

Dietz, M., et al., “Bridging the Gap: Extending MPEG Audio Down to 8 kbit/s,” AES 102nd Conv., preprint 4508, Munich, March 1997.

Feiten, B., et al., “Dynamically Scalable Internet Audio Transmission,” AES 104th Conv., preprint 4686, Amsterdam, May 1998.

Floros, A., and T. Karoubalis, “Delivering High-Quality Audio over WLANs,” AES 116th Conv., preprint 5996, Berlin, May 2004.

Geiger, R., et al., “ISO/IEC MPEG-4 High-Definition Scalable Advanced Audio Coding,” JAES, vol. 55, no. 1/2, January/February 2007.

Gish, H., M.-H. Siu, and R. Rohlicek, “Segregation of Speaker for Speech Recognition and Speaker Identification,” Proc. ICASSP, Toronto, May 1991.

Grill, B., “A Bit-Rate Scalable Perceptual Coder for MPEG-4 Audio,” AES 103rd Conv., preprint 4620, New York, September 1997.

Heber, K. E., “Mobile Internet Audio: A Report on the State of Technology,” Proc. AES 36th Int. Conf., Dearborn, June 2009.

Herre, J., and D. Schulz, “Extending the MPEG-4 AAC Codec by Perceptual Noise Substitution,” AES 104th Conv., preprint 4720, Amsterdam, May 1998.

Hsu, H.-W., C.-M. Liu, and W.-C. Lee, “Fast Complex Quadrature Mirror Filterbanks for MPEG-4 HE-AAC,” AES 121st Conv., preprint 6871, San Francisco, October 2006.

ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 MPEG94/443, “Requirements for Low Bitrate Audio Coding/MPEG-4 Audio,” 1994.

ISO/IEC JTC1/SC29/WG11 MPEG, IS13818, “Generic Coding of Moving Pictures and Associated Audio, Part 3: Audio,” 1994.

Jonsson, L., and M. Coinchon, “EBU Tech. doc. 3326 for Interoperability between Audio over IP Units,” AES 124th Conv., preprint 7322, Amsterdam, May 2008.

Keiser, B. E., and E. Strange, Digital Telephony and Network Integration, 2nd ed., Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1995.

Kemp, T., M. Schmidt, M. Westphal, and A. Waibel, “Strategies for Automatic Segmentation of Audio Data,” Proc. ICASSP 2000, Instanbul, 2000.

Kim, H.-G., N. Moreau, and T. Sikora (eds.), MPEG-7 Audio and Beyond: Audio Content Indexing and Retrieval, John Wiley & Sons, 2005.

Kinoshita, S., “The RealPush Network: A New Push-Type Content Delivery System Using Reliable Multicasting,” IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., vol. 44, no. 4, November 1998.

Koenen, R., “MPEG-4: Multimedia for Our Time,” IEEE Spectr., vol. 36, no. 2, February 1999.

Kraemer, U., et al., “Network Music Performance with Ultra-Low-Delay Audio Coding under Unreliable Network Conditions,” AES 123rd Conv., preprint 7214, New York, October 2007.

Lee, G. W., J. S. Lee, Y. C. Park, and D. H. Youn, “Quality Improvement of Very Low Bit Rate HE-AAC Using Linear Prediction Module,” AES 125th Conv., preprint 7624, San Francisco, October 2008.

Levy, M., and M. Sandler, “Application of Segmentation and Thumbnailing to Music Browsing and Searching,” AES 120th Conv., preprint 6642, Paris, May 2006.

Liebchen, T., “MPEG-4 Lossless Coding for High-Definition Audio,” AES 115th Conv., preprint 5872, New York, October 2003.

Liebchen, T., et al., “MPEG-4 Audio Lossless Coding,” AES 116th Conv., preprint 6047, Berlin, May 2004.

Liebchen, T., et al., The MPEG-4 Audio Lossless Coding (ALS) Standard—Technology and Applications,” AES 119th Conv., preprint 6589, New York, October 2005.

Lindsay, A. T., and J. Herre, “MPEG-7 and MPEG-7 Audio—An Overview,” JAES, vol. 49, no. 7/8, July/August 2001.

Liu, C.-M., et al., “Bit Reservoir Design for HE-AAC,” AES 118th Conv., preprint 6382, Barcelona, May 2005.

Liu., C.-M., et al., “Design of MPEG-4 AAC Encoder,” AES 117th Conv., preprint 6201, San Francisco, October 2004.

Machine Listening Group, MPEG-4 Structured Audio (MP4 Structured Audio), MIT Media Laboratory, http: //sound.media.mit.edu/eds/mpeg4/.

Manjunath, M., P. Salembier, and T. Sikora, MPEG-7 Multimedia Content Description Interface, John Wiley & Sons, 2001.

Maufer, T. A., Deploying IPMulticast in the Enterprise, Prentice Hall, 1998.

Miller, B. A., and C. Bisdikian, Bluetooth Revealed: The Insider’s Guide to an Open Specification for Global Wireless Communications, 2nd ed., Prentice Hall, 2002.

Miller, M. A., Internetworking: A Guide to Network Communications, M&T Books, 1991.

Moskowitz, S. A., “Steganographic Method and Device,” U.S. Patent 5,687,236, November 11, 1997.

Neubauer, C., and J. Herre, “Audio Watermarking of MPEG-2 AAC Bit Streams,” AES 108th Conv., preprint 5101, Paris, February 2000.

Neubauer, C., and J. Herre, “Digital Watermarking and Its Influence on Audio Quality,” AES 105th Conv., preprint 4823, San Francisco, September 1998.

Neubauer, C., et al., “Technical Aspects of Digital Rights Management Systems,” AES 113th Conv., preprint 5688, Los Angeles, October 2002.

O’Donnell, M., Audio-Over-IP Acceptance Test Strategy,” AES 127th Conv., preprint 7944, New York, October 2009.

Patterson, J., and R. Melcher, Audio on the Web: The Official IUMA Guide, Peachpit Press, 1998.

Pennycook, B., “Audio and MIDI Markup Tools for the World Wide Web,” JAES, vol. 44, no. 4, April 1996.

Pereira, F., and T. Ebrahimi (eds.), “The MPEG-4 Book,” Prentice Hall, 2002.

Peterson, D. M., TCP/IP Networking, McGraw-Hill, 1995.

Purat, M., and T. Ritter, “Comparison of Receiver-Based Concealment and Multiple Description Coding in an 802.11-Based Wireless Multicast Audio Distribution Network,” AES 127th Conv., preprint 7943, New York, October 2009.

RealNetworks, “RealAudio G2 Music Codec—A Musical Stream Apart,” www.real.com/devzone/library/whitepapers/music.html.

RealNetworks, “SureStream—Delivering Superior Quality and Reliability,” www.real.com/devzone/library/whitepapers/surestrm.html.

Rumsey, F., “Audio On Data Networks,” JAES, vol. 46, no, 5, May 1998.

Rumsey, F., “Audio Networking for the Pros,” JAES, vol. 57, no. 4, April 2009.

Rumsey, F., “Searching, Analyzing, and Recommending Audio Content,” JAES, vol. 57, no. 3, March 2009.

Ryu, S.-U., and K. Rose, “Enhanced Accuracy of the Tonality Measure and Control Parameter Extraction Modules in MPEG-4 HE-AAC,” AES 119th Conv., preprint 6586, New York, October 2005.

Sandford, II, M. T., “Data Embedding,” U.S. Patent 5,659,726, August 19, 1997.

Scheirer, E. D., and L. Ray, “Algorithmic and Wavetable Synthesis in the MPEG-4 Multimedia Standard,” AES 105th Conv., preprint 4811, San Francisco, September 1998.

Schildbach, W., K. Krauss, and J. Rödén, Transcoding of Dynamic Range Control Coefficients and Other Metadata into MPEG-4 HE AAC,” AES 123rd Conv., preprint 7217, New York, October 2007.

Schmidt, G. R., and M. K. Belmonte, “Scalable, Content-Based Audio Identification by Multiple Independent Psychoacoustic Matching,” JAES, vol. 52, no. 4, April 2004.

Schmidt, J., and E. F. Schröder, “New and Advanced Features for Audio Rendering in the MPEG-4 Standard,” AES 116th Conv., preprint 6058, Berlin, May 2004.

Schneier, B., Applied Cryptography: Protocols, Algorithms, and Source Code in C, 2nd ed., John Wiley & Sons, 1995.

Schnell, M., et al., “Enhanced MPEG-4 Low Delay AAC—Low Bit-Rate High-Quality Communication,” AES 122nd Conv., preprint 6998, Vienna, May 2007.

Schnell, M., et al., “MPEG-4 Enhanced Low Delay AAC—A New Standard for High Quality Communication,” AES 125th Conv., preprint 7503, San Francisco, October 2008.

Schuijers, E., et al., “Advances in Parametric Coding for High-Quality Audio,” AES 114th Conv., preprint 5852, Amsterdam, March 2003.

SDMI Portable Device Specification—Part 1, Version 1.0, www.sdmi.org, 1999.

Shimada, O., et al., “A Low Power SBR Algorithm for the MPEG-4 Audio Standard and Its DSP Implementation,” AES 116th Conv., preprint 6048, Berlin, May 2004.

Short, K., Garcia, R., and M. Daniels, Scalability in KOZ Audio Compression Technology,” AES 119th Conv., preprint 6598, New York, October 2005.

Sincaglia, N., “Content Management Using Native XML and XML-Enabled Database Systems in Conjunction with XML Metadata Exchange Standards,” AES 123rd Conv., preprint 7237, New York, October 2007.

Su, A., and Y.-S. Shao, “Real-Time Internet MPEG-4 SA Player and the Streaming Engine,” AES 116th Conv., preprint 6025, Berlin, May 2004.

Szwoch, G., et al., “A Double-Talk Detector Using Audio Watermarking,” JAES, vol. 57, no. 11, November 2009.

Wolters, M., et al., “A Closer Look into MPEG-4 High Efficiency AAC,” AES 115th Conv., preprint 5871, New York, October 2003.

Wong, K. K., et al., “Adaptive Water Marking,” IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., vol. 43 no. 4, November 1997.

Wray, S., “Low Bit Rate Audio Coding for Digital Wireless Systems,” AES 124th Conv., preprint 7485, Amsterdam, May 2008.

Xu, C., et al., “Applications of Digital Watermarking Technology in Audio Signals,” JAES, vol. 47, no. 10, October 1999.

Yang, C.-H., et al., “Design of HE-AAC Version 2 Encoder,” AES 121st Conv., preprint 6873, San Francisco, October 2006.

Yu, R., et al., “MPEG-4 Scalable to Lossless Audio Coding,” AES 117th Conv., preprint 6183, San Francisco, October 2004.

16 Digital Radio and Television Broadcasting

Advanced Television Systems Committee, “ATSC Digital Television Standard,” Doc. A/53, September 1995.

Advanced Television Systems Committee, “ATSC Standard Digital Audio Compression (AC-3),” Doc. A/52, December 1995.

Advanced Television Systems Committee, “Guide to the Use of the ATSC Digital Television Standard,” Doc. A/54, October 1995.

Advanced Television Systems Committee, www.atsc.org.

Bech, S., “Calibration of Relative Level Differences of a Domestic Multichannel Sound Reproduction System,” JAES, vol. 46, no. 4, April 1998.

Bell, T. E., “The HDTV ‘Test Kitchens’,” IEEE Spectr., vol. 32, no. 4, April 1995.

Benoit, H., Digital Television: MPEG-1, MPEG-2 and Principles of the DVB System, John Wiley & Sons, 1997.

Bhatt, B., et al., “Digital Television: Making it Work,” IEEE Spectr., vol. 34, no. 10, October 1997.

Blonstein, L., Communication Satellites, Halsted Press, 1988.

Booth, S. A.,”Digital TV in the United States,” IEEE Spectr., vol. 36, no. 3, March 1999.

Chen, Z., J. Wang, and K. Feher, “Effect of HPA Non-Linearities on Crosstalk and Performance of Digital Radio Systems,” IEEE Trans. Broadcast., vol. 34, no. 3, September 1988.

Conway, F., and W. Kwong, “CBS Engineering Experimentation with DAB,” CBC Engineering Review, vol. 31, 1991.

Conway, F., and J. C. Lee, “Digital Radio Broadcasting Service Considerations in Canada and the Requirement for an International System and Frequency Band Standard,” CBC Engineering Review, vol. 33, 1993–1994.

Conway, F., and B. Sawyer, “Canadian Broadcasting Corporation Experiments with L-Band for Terrestrial Digital Radio Broadcasting,” CBC Engineering Review, vol. 32, 1992–1993.

Cook, Jr., J. H., G. Springer, and J. B. Vespoli, “Satellite Earth Stations,” National Association of Broadcasters Engineering Handbook, 8th ed., NAB, 1992.

Cupo, R. L., et al., “An OFDM All-Digital In-Band On-Channel (IBOC) AM and FM Radio Solution Using the PAC Encoder,” IEEE Trans. Broadcast., vol. 44, no. 1, March 1998.

Detweiler, J. R., “Conversion Requirements for AM & FM IBOC Transmission,” iBiquity Digital Corporation.

Dick, B., “Satellite Transmission: C-Band vs. Ku-Band,” Sound & Video Contractor, June 20, 1988.

Douglas, R. L., Satellite Communications Technology, Prentice Hall, 1988.

Elbert, B. R., Introduction to Satellite Communication, Artech House, 1987.

Elliott, C., “High-Quality Multimedia Conferencing through a Long-Haul Packet Network,” ACM Multimedia, 1993.

FCC Advisory Committee on Advanced Television Service, “Federal Communications Commission Advanced Television System Recommendation,” IEEE Trans. Broadcast., vol. 39, 1993.

Feher, K., Advanced Digital Communications Systems and Signal Processing Techniques, Prentice Hall, 1987.

Feher, K., Digital Communication Satellite/Earth Station Engineering, Prentice Hall, 1983.

Finger, R. A., “Video CD: A Coding Challenge,” Audio, vol. 78, no. 12, December 1994.

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Foster, E. J., “Understanding MPEG-2,” Audio, vol. 81, no. 9, September 1997.

Fujimoto, M., et al., “Small and Light Weight DBS and FSS Converters,” IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., vol. 36, no. 3, August 1990.

Grand Alliance, “The U.S. HDTV Standard,” IEEE Spectr., vol. 32, no. 4, April 1995.

Grusec, T., et al., “EIN/NRSC DAR System Subjective Tests, Part I: Audio Codec Quality,” IEEE Trans. Broadcast., vol. 43, no. 3, September 1997.

Grusec, T., et al., “EIN/NRSC DAR System Subjective Tests, Part II: Transmission Impairments,” IEEE Trans. Broadcast., vol. 43, no. 4, December 1997.

Haskell, B. G., et al., Digital Video: An Introduction to MPEG-2 (Digital Multimedia Standards Series), Chapman & Hall, 1996.

Heymann, R., et al., “A Multipurpose Four IC Satllite Concept,” IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., vol. 36, no. 3, August 1990.

Hoeg, W., “Dynamic Range Control (DRC) for Multichannel Audio Systems,” JAES, vol. 46, no. 4, April 1998.

Hopkins, R. “Digital Terrestrial HDTV for North America: The Grand Alliance HDTV System,” EBU Technical Review, Summer, 1994.

Hopkins, R., “Digital Terrestrial HDTV for North America: The Grand Alliance HDTV System,” IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., vol. 40, no. 3, August 1994.

ISO/IEC 11172-3:1993, “Information Technology—Coding of Moving Pictures and Associated Audio for Digital Storage Media at up to about 1.5 Mbit/s, Part 1: Systems,” International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, 1993.

ISO/IEC 11172-3:1993, “Information Technology—Coding of Moving Pictures and Associated Audio for Digital Storage Media at up to about 1.5 Mbit/s, Part 2: Video,” International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, 1993.

ISO/IEC 13818-3: 1997, “Information Technology—Generic Coding of Moving Pictures and Associated Audio Information, Part 2: Video,” International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, 1997.

ITU-R Rec. BS.1196, “Audio Coding for Digital Terrestrial Television Broadcasting,” International Telecommunication Union, Geneva, 1995.

Johnson, S. A., “The Structure and Generation of Robust Waveforms for AM In Band On Channel Digital Broadcasting,” iBiquity Digital Corporation.

Jurgen, R. K., “Broadcasting with Digital Radio,” IEEE Spectr., vol. 33, no. 3, March 1996.

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Konishi, Y., “Special Issue on Satellite Broadcasting,” IEEE Trans. Broadcast., vol. 34, no. 4, December 1988.

Konishi, Y., and Y. Fukuoka, “Satellite Receiver Technologies,” IEEE Trans. Broadcast., vol. 34, no. 4, December 1988.

Kroeger, B., and D. Cammarata, “Robust Modem and Coding Techniques for FM Hybrid IBOC DAB,” IEEE Trans. Broadcast., vol. 43, no. 4, December 1997.

Kroeger, B., and P. J. Peyla, “Compatibility of FM Hybrid In-Band On-Channel (IBOC) System for Digital Audio Broadcasting,” IEEE Trans. Broadcast., vol. 43, no. 4, December 1997.

Langhans, R., and M. Shumila, “Digital Audio Transmission System Using Satellite Distribution,” AES 74th Conv., preprint 2018, New York, October 1983.

Le Floch, B., R. Halbert-Lassalle, and D. Castelain, “Digital Sound Broadcasting to Mobile Receivers,” IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., vol. 35, no. 3, August 1989.

LeGall, D., “MPEG—A Video Compression Standard for Multimedia Applications,” Comm. ACM, vol. 34, no. 4, April 1991.

Mailhot, J. N., and H. Derovanessian, “The Grand Alliance HDTV Video Encoder,” IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., vol. 41, no. 4, November 1995.

Matsushita, M., and S. Yokoyama, “Experience on Operating a DBS System (DB-2) in Japan,” IEEE Trans. Broadcast., vol. 34, no. 4, December 1988.

McNally, G. W., “Digital Audio in Broadcasting,” IEEE ASSP Mag., vol. 2, no. 4, October 1985.

Meares, D. J., and G. Theile, “Matrixed Surround Sound in an MPEG Digital World,” JAES, vol. 46, no. 4, April 1998.

Miller, J. E., “Application of Coding and Diversity to UHF Satellite Sound Broadcasting Systems,” IEEE Trans. Broadcast., vol. 34, no. 4, December 1988.

Mitchell, J. L., and W. B. Pennebaker (eds.), MPEG Video: Compression Standard (Digital Multimedia Standards Series), Chapman & Hall, 1996.

Muller-Romer, F., “Directions in Digital Audio Broadcasting,” JAES, vol. 41, no. 3, March 1993.

National Association of Broadcasters, “Digital Audio Broadcasting: Status Report and Outlook,” NAB, Washington, D.C., 1990.

National Association of Broadcasters, NAB Guide to Advanced Television Systems, 2nd ed., NAB, 1991.

National Association of Broadcasters, “Understanding DAB: A Guide for Broadcast Managers and Engineers,” NAB, Washington, D.C., 1992.

Noah, J. O., “A Rational Approach to Testing MPEG-2,” IEEE Spectr., vol. 34, no. 5, May 1997.

Perry, T. S., “HDTV and the New Digital Television,” IEEE Spectr., vol. 32, no. 4, April 1995.

Peyla, P. J., “The Structure and Generation of Robust Waveforms for FM In Band On Channel Digital Broadcasting,” iBiquity Digital Corporation.

Pizzi, S., “Digital Audio Applications in Radio Broadcasting,” Proc. AES 7th Int. Conf., Toronto, May 1989.

Pizzi, S., Digital Radio Basics, Telephony Intertec, 1992.

Pohlmann, K. C., “The DAB Debate,” Mix, vol. 15, no. 9, September 1991.

Pohlmann, K. C., “Eureka 147,” Mix, vol. 17, no. 5, May 1993.

Pohlmann, K. C., “In-Band Digital Radio,” Mix, vol. 17, no. 6, June 1993.

Sawaguchi, M. M., et al., “HDTV Drama Multi-channel Sound Production with 3-2, 3-1, 2 CH,” AES 100th Conv., preprint 4223, Copenhagen, May 1996.

Schroder, E. F., and P. A. Ratliff, “Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB),” AES Collected Papers on Digital Audio Bit-Rate Reduction, N. Gilchrist and C. Grewin (eds.), Audio Engineering Society, 1996.

Sheffield, E. G., and J. Kean, “Participant Testing of AM Broadcast Transmission Bandwidth and Audio Performance Measurements of Broadcast AM Receivers,” JAES, vol. 57, no. 5, May 2009.

Sinha, D., and C.-E.W. Sundberg, “Unequal Error Protection (UEP) for Perceptual Audio Coders,” AES 104th Conv., preprint 4754, Amsterdam, May 1998.

Sinha, D., et al., “The Perceptual Audio Coder (PAC),” The Digital Signal Processing Handbook, V. K. Madisetti and D. B. Williams (eds.), CRC/IEEE Press, 1998.

Sukow, R., et al., “Radio’s Digital Evolution,” Broadcasting, October 17, 1988.

Sun, H., “Hierarchical Decoder for MPEG Compressed Video Data,” IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., vol. 39, no. 3, August 1993.

Sundberg, C.-E.W. et al., “Technology Advances Enabling ‘In-Band On-Channel’ DSB Systems,” 1998 Int. Conf. Broadcast Asia, Conf. Rec., Singapore, 1998.

Sweet, W., “Chiariglione and the Birth of MPEG,” IEEE Spectr., vol. 34, no. 9, September 1997.

Taura, K., et al., “A Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) Receiver,” IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., vol. 42, no. 3, August 1996.

Ten Kate, W. R., “Compatibility Matrixing of Multichannel Bit-Rate-Reduced Audio Signals,” JAES, vol. 44, no. 12, December 1996.

Tsunashima, K., et al., “An Integrated DTV Receiver for ATSC Digital Television Standard,” IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., vol. 44, no. 3, August 1998.

Watson, A. B. (ed.), Digital Images and Human Vision, Bradford Books, 1993.

Weissleder, H., et al., “DAB in CATV Networks,” IEEE Trans. Consum. Electron., vol. 44, no. 3, August 1998.

Wilson, D., “Industry Evaluation of In-Band On-Channel Digital Audio Broadcast Systems,” JAES, vol. 51, no. 5, May 2003.

17 Digital Signal Processing

Adams, R. W., “A New Windowing Technique for Digital Harmonic-Distortion Measurement,” JAES, vol. 36, no. 5, May 1988.

Andreas, D. C., J. Dattorro, and J. W. Mauchly, “Digital Signal Processing for Audio Applications,” U.S. Patent 5,517,436, May 14, 1996.

Baudot, M. D., “Hardware Design of a Digital Mixer for Musical Applications,” AES 83rd Conv., preprint 2506, New York, October 1987.

Berkhout, P. J., and L. D. J. Eggermont, “Digital Audio Systems,” IEEE ASSP Mag., vol. 2, no. 4, October 1985.

Berkovitz, R., “Digital Equalization of Audio Systems,” AES Digital Audio Collected Papers, Rye, 1983.

Betts, D., and G. Reid, “DSP and Audio Restoration,” Studio Sound, March 1993.

Blesser, B. A., K. Baeder, and R. Zaorski, “A Real-Time Digital Computer for Simulating Audio Systems,” JAES, vol. 23, no. 9, November 1975.

Bloom, P. J., “High-Quality Digital Audio in the Entertainment Industry: An Overview of Achievements and Challenges,” IEEE ASSP Mag., vol. 2, no. 4, October 1985.

Booty, M., “Digital Signal Processing: Programming and Interfacing,” Advanced Digital Audio, K. C. Pohlmann (ed.), Howard W. Sams, 1991.

Chen, T., et al., “Architecting a Versatile Multi-Channel Multi-Decoder System on DSP,” AES 106th Conv., preprint 4960, Munich, May 1999.

Chen, W., “Performance of Cascade and Parallel IIR Filters,” JAES, vol. 44, no. 3, March 1996.

Cabot, R., “Practical Performance of Digital Systems,” Recording Engineer/Producer, March 1988.

Datta, J., “Digital Signal Processing: Theory,” Advanced Digital Audio, K. C. Pohlmann (ed.), Howard W. Sams, 1991.

Dattorro, J., “Effect Design Part 1: Reverberator and Other Filters,” JAES, vol. 45, no. 9, September 1997.

Dattorro, J., “Effect Design Part 2: Delay-Line Modulation and Chorus,” JAES, vol. 45, no. 10, October 1997.

Dattorro, J., “The Implementation of Recursive Digital Filters for High Fidelity Audio,” JAES, vol. 36, no. 11, November 1988.

Dattorro, J., “Using Digital Signal Processor Chips in a Stereo Audio Time Compressor/Expander,” AES 83rd Conv., preprint 2500, New York, October 1987.

Elliot, S. J., and P. A. Nelson, “Multiple-Point Equalization in a Room Using Adaptive Digital Filters,” JAES, vol. 37, no. 11, November 1989.

El-Sharkawy, M., Digital Signal Processing Applications with Motorola’s DSP56002 Processor, Prentice Hall, 1996.

Georgopoulos, V. C., and D. Preis, “A Comparison of Computational Methods for Instantaneous Frequency and Group Delay of Discrete-Time Signals,” JAES, vol. 46, no. 3, March 1998.

Griesinger, D., “Practical Processors and Programs for Digital Reverberation,” Proc. AES 7th Int. Conf., Toronto, May 1989.

Griesinger, D., “Theory and Design of a Digital Audio Signal Processor for Home Use,” JAES, vol. 37, no. 1/2, January/February 1989.

Hamada, O., N. Kitazato, and T. Nakagami, “Digital Signal Processing LSIs Suitable for Digital Audio Equipment,” AES 79th Conv., preprint 2269, New York, October 1985.

Hamming, R. W., Digital Filters, Prentice Hall, 1977.

Hutchings, H. J., “Digital Filters Explained,” Electronics & Wireless World, December 1985.

IEEE, “Programs for Digital Signal Processing,” IEEE Trans. ASSP DSP Comm., IEEE Press, 1979.

Jackson, L. B., Digital Filters and Signal Processing: With Matlab Exercises, 3rd ed., Kluwer Academic, 1996.

Kahrs, M., and K. Brandenburg (eds.), Applications of Digital Signal Processing to Audio and Acoustics, Kluwer Academic, 1998.

Kalliris, G., et al., “Z Language, A New DSP Dedicated Programming Environment,” AES 94th Conv., preprint 3514, Berlin, March 1993.

Karjalainen, M., et al., “Comparison of Loudspeaker Equalization Methods Based on DSP Techniques,” JAES, vol. 47, no. 1/2, January/February 1999.

Kuo, S. M., and W. S. Gan, Digital Signal Processors: Architectures, Implementations, and Applications, Pearson Prentice Hall, 2005.

Lagadec, R., “Measuring the Phase Linearity of Digital Audio Systems,” AES 74th Conv., preprint 2040, New York, October 1983.

Lee, D. H., et al., “Design of a Digital Artificial Reverberation System Using a Dual All-Pass Filter,” JAES, vol. 57, no. 3, March 2009.

Lindquist, C. S., Adaptive and Digital Signal Processing, vol. 2, Steward & Sons, 1989.

Menesi, B., and F. Takacs, “Processing of Audio Signals with Extended Precision by TMS 32010,” AES 82nd Conv., preprint 2475, London, March 1987.

Moorer, J. A., “The Audio Signal Processor: The Next Step in Digital Audio,” AES Digital Audio Collected Papers, Rye, 1983.

Moorer, J. A., “48-Bit Integer Processing Beats 32-Bit Floating Point for Professional Audio Applications,” AES 107th Conv., preprint 5038, New York, September 1999.

Morris, R., Digital Signal Processing Software, Carleton University, 1983.

Motorola, “DSP56001 and DSP56000 Data Sheets and Applications Notes,” Motorola Microprocessor Products Group, 1990.

Mourjopoulos, J., et al., “Noisy Audio Signal Enhancement Using Subjective Spectra,” AES 92nd Conv., preprint 3240, Vienna, March 1992.

Oppenheim, A. V. (ed.), Applications of Digital Signal Processing, Prentice Hall, 1978.

Oppenheim, A. V., and R. W. Schafer, Digital Signal Processing, Prentice Hall, 1975.

Park, S. “170 MIPS Real-Time Adaptive Digital Filter Board,” AES 91st Conv., preprint 3107, New York, October 1991.

Parks, T. W., and C. S. Burrus, Digital Filter Design, John Wiley & Sons, 1987.

Peek, J. B. H., “Digital Signal Processing—Growth of a Technology,” Philips Tech. Rev., vol. 42, no. 4, 1985.

Peled, A., and B. Liu, Digital Signal Processing: Theory, Design and Applications, Robert E. Krieger Publishing, 1985.

Persoon, E. H. J., and C. J. B. Vandenbulcke, “Digital Audio: Examples of the Application of the ASP Integrated Signal Processor,” Philips Tech. Rev., vol. 42, no. 6/7, 1986.

Pohlmann, K. C., “Multiple-Accumulate Commands,” Mix, vol. 16, no. 10, October 1992.

Potchinkov, A., “Frequency-Domain Equalization of Audio Systems Using Digital Filters Part 1: Basics of Filter Design,” JAES, vol. 46, no. 11, November 1998.

Potchinkov, A., “Frequency-Domain Equalization of Audio Systems Using Digital Filters Part 2: Examples of Equalization,” JAES, vol. 46, no. 12, December 1998.

Rabiner, L. R., and B. Gold, Theory and Application of Digital Signal Processing, Prentice Hall, 1975.

Ramarapu, P. K., and R. C. Maher, “Methods for Reducing Audible Artifacts in a Wavelet-Based Broad-Band Denoising System,” JAES, vol. 46, no. 3, March 1998.

Reviriego, P, J. Parera, and R. Garcia, “Linear-Phase Crossover Design Using Digital IIR Filters,” JAES, vol. 46, no. 5, May 1998.

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Robinson, E. A., and M. T. Silvia, Digital Signal Processing and Time Series Analysis, Holden Day, 1978.

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Schroeder, M. R., “Improved Quasi-Stereophony and ‘Colorless’ Artificial Reverberation,” JASA, vol. 33, August 1961.

Schroeder, M. R., “Natural Sounding Artificial Reverberation,” JAES, vol. 10, no. 7, July 1962.

Schroeder, M. R., and B. S. Atal, “Computer Simulation of Sound Transmissions in Rooms,” IEEE Int. Conv. Rec., Pt. 7, 1963.

Schuck, P. L., “Digital FIR Filters for Loudspeaker Crossover Networks II: Implementation Example,” Proc. AES 7th Int. Conf., Toronto, May 1989.

Snell, J. M., “Professional Real-Time Signal Processor for Synthesis, Sampling, Mixing, and Recording,” AES 83rd Conv., preprint 2508, New York, October 1987.

Steiglitz, K., A Digital Signal Processing Primer, Addison-Wesley, 1996.

Stockham, Jr., T. G., T. M. Cannon, and R. B. Ingebretsen, “Blind Deconvolution through Digital Signal Processing,” Proc. IEEE, vol. 63, no. 4, April 1975.

Strawn, J. (ed.), Digital Audio Signal Processing, A-R Editions, 1985.

Texas Instruments, “Digital Signal Processing Applications with the TMS320 Family: Theory, Algorithms, and Implementations,” Texas Instruments, Inc., 1990.

Texas Instruments, Second Generation TMS320 User’s Guide, Texas Instruments, Inc., 1989.

Tomarakos, J., and C. Duggan, “32-Bit SIMD SHARC Architecture Digital Audio Signal Processing Applications,” JAES, vol. 48, no. 3, March 2000.

Tydelski, P., “Equalizer Trends: Digital Filtering,” Recording Engineer/Producer, February 1988.

Van den Enden, A. W. M., and N. A. M. Verhoeckx, “Digital Signal Processing: Theoretical Background,” Philips Tech. Rev., vol. 42, no. 4, December 1985.

Van Meerbergen, J. L., “Developments in the Integrated Digital Signal Processors, and the PCB 5010,” Philips Tech. Rev., vol. 44, no. 1, 1988.

Vanderkooy, J., and S. P. Lipshitz, “Digital Dither: Processing with Resolution Far Below the Least Significant Bit,” Proc. AES 7th Int. Conf., Toronto, May 1989.

Varga, I., “Adaptive Filtering for Noise Reduction in Audio Signals,” AES 92nd Conv., preprint 3247, Vienna, March 1992.

Vaseghi, S. V., and R. Frayling-Cork, “Restoration of Old Gramophone Recordings,” JAES, vol. 40, no. 10, October 1992.

Wilson, R., G. Adams, and J. Scott, “Application of Digital Filters to Loudspeaker Crossover Networks,” JAES, vol. 37, no. 6, June 1989.

Zucker, I., “Reproducing Architectural Acoustical Effects Using Digital Soundfield Processing,” Proc. AES 7th Int. Conf., Toronto, May 1989.

18 Sigma-Delta Conversion and Noise Shaping

Adams, R. W., “Companded Predictive Delta Modulation: A Low-Cost Conversion Technique for Digital Recording,” JAES, vol. 32, no. 9, September 1984.

Adams, R. W., “Design and Implementation of an Audio 18-Bit Analog-to-Digital Converter Using Oversampling Techniques,” JAES, vol. 34, no. 3, March 1986.

Adams, R. W., “An IC Chip Set for 20-Bit A/D Conversion,” JAES, vol. 38, no. 6, June 1990.

Adams, R. W., “Unusual Applications of Noise-Shaping Principles,” AES 101st Conv., preprint 4356, Los Angeles, November 1996.

Adams, R. W., et al., “A 116-dB SNR Multi-Bit Noise-Shaping DAC with 192 kHz Sample Rate,” AES 106th Conv., preprint 4963, Munich, May 1999.

Adams, R. W., et al., “Theory and Practical Implementation of a Fifth-Order Sigma-Delta A/D Converter,” JAES, vol. 39, no. 7/8, July/August 1991.

Akune, M., R. Heddle, and K. Akagiri, “Super Bit Mapping: Psychologically Optimized Digital Recording,” AES 93rd Conv., preprint 3371, San Francisco, October 1992.

Analog Devices, “Sigma-Delta ADCs and DACs,” Analog Devices Application Note AN-283.

Angus, J., “A Comparison of the ‘Pruned Tree’ versus ‘Stack’ Algorithms for Look-Ahead Sigma-Delta Modulators,” JAES, vol. 54, no. 6, June 2006.

Angus, J., “A New Method of Applying High Levels of Dither to Delta-Sigma Modulators,” AES 117th Conv., preprint 6296, San Francisco, October 2004.

Angus, J., “The Practical Performance Limits of Multi-Bit Sigma-Delta Modulation,” AES 110th Conv., preprint 5394, Amsterdam, May 2001.

Ardalan, S. H., “Analysis of Delta-Sigma Modulators with Bandlimited Gaussian Inputs,” Proc. of IEEE Conf. ASSP, vol. III, 1988.

Ardalan, S. H., and J. J. Paulos, “An Analysis of Nonlinear Behavior in Delta-Sigma Modulators,” IEEE Trans. Circuits and Systems, vol. CAS-34, no. 6, June 1987.

Boser, B. E., and B. A. Wooley, “The Design of Sigma-Delta Modulation Analog-to-Digital Converters,” IEEE Journal of Solid State Circuits, vol. 23, no. 6, December 1988.

Bourdopoulos, G., et al., Delta-Sigma Modulators, Modeling, Design and Applications, Imperial College Press, London, 2003.

Bruekers F., et al., “Improved Lossless Coding of One-Bit Audio Signals,” AES 103rd Conv., preprint 4563, New York, September 1997.

Carley, L. R., “An Oversampling Analog-to-Digital Converter Topology for High-Resolution Signal Acquisition Systems,” IEEE Trans. Circuits and Systems, vol. CAS-34, no. 1, January 1987.

Craven, P., “Toward the 24-Bit DAC: Novel Noise-Shaping Topologies Incorporating Correction for the Nonlinearity in a PWM Output Stage,” JAES, vol. 41, no. 5, May 1993.

Crochiere, R. E., and L. R. Rabiner, “Interpolation and Decimation of Digital Signals—A Tutorial Review,” Proc. IEEE, vol. 69, no. 3, March 1981.

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