Index
Page numbers in italics denotes an illustration/table.
Abercombie & Kent 100
Academia de Marketing 227
ACCION 29
ADVB-Japan 227
Aehwa Park 245
African National Congress 66
Ahl, Helene 253
Alex Toys 14
Algara 14
Algeria 231
Alicia Escobosa Banquetes (Mexico) 158–69; advertising 164; beginnings 159–61; and competition 165–6; continued professionalization 163–8; customer base 166; employees 164–5, 165, 168; equipment 164; expansion 162–3, 167; growing of 161–3; impact of financial crisis 169; purchase of SUV 160–1; recent developments 168–9; salmonella scare 162; and suppliers 159–60
alpaca 195
Alvear Palace Hotel (Buenos Aires) 103–4
Ancharya, Anu 35–45 see also Ocimum Biosolutions
Angulo, Ibó 11–21 see also Jugaré
Aoki, Chieko 221–9 see also Blue Tree Hotels
Argentina 93, 101–2; annual foreign tourist expenditures in 102; annual tourist arrivals to 101; devaluation of peso 102, 103; and el corralito 102, 103; hotels 101, tourist industry 98, 100, 103; see also Mai10
Art Atlas (Peru) 194–206; charitable projects 203–4; and fair trade 194; order processing 201; origins and setting up 195–8; quality and fair employment as defining characteristics 198–9; recruitment of employees 196–7; sustainability 201–3; training and employment program 200, 202–3, 205; wages 202; winning formula of 198–9
Ash, Mary Kay 138
Association for the Centennial of Japanese Immigration 227
Aswan High Dam 212
Azza Fahmy (Egypt) 125–35; challenges in selling jewellery internationally 134; collections and marketing 131–3; competition 133; copying of products problem 133; factory 127, 128, 129; growth and organization 127–31; incentive schemes 131; shops opened 127; strategic options for the future 134; success and profits 126; workflow organization and decision making 131
Bangkok Post 214
Bank of Tanzania 24
Barrenechea, Maita 93–104, see also Mai10
bbmundo (Mexico) 105–12; beginnings 107–8; challenges faced 112; funding 108; growth of 108–11; headquarters 106; launching of monthly magazine 109–11; launching of website 107–8
Bhatia, Sunny 156
Biospectrum 44
Black Economic Empowerment Act (2003) (South Africa) 66, 67
Blue Tree Hotels (Brazil) 221–9; beginnings 222–3; challenges in managing 226; expansion 223; impact of economic crisis on 223; incorporation of Japanese concepts into 224–5, 228; and ki concept 224–5; name 222; special services for women at 228; training and educating of employees 226
Boserup, Ester: Woman’s Role in Economic Development 251
Bottega Venetta 133
Brazil 79; average yearly income 79; coffee industry 57–8, 59, 60 see also Café Helena; entrepreneurial environment in 80–1; illiteracy rate 79; impediments to women in business 79–80; Japanese immigrants in 223–4; number of women entrepreneurs in 228; see also Blue Tree Hotels; unemployment 79
Brazil Women Entrepreneur of the Year 60
Brazilian Coffee Industry Association (ABIC) 58
Brazilian Events Academy 227
Brazilian Speciality Coffee Association (BSCA) 58
Brazilians: warmth and generosity of 225
BTVM 120
Business Council of Latin America (CEAL) 227
Business Leaders Group (LIDE) 227
cable television industry (China) 114, 118
Caesar Towers Hotels and Resorts 222
Café Helena (Brazil) 55–62; decision to focus on gourmet coffee and coffee varieties produced 59–60; early challenges 56–7; foreign markets issue 61; future 60–1; Monte Alto Plantation 55–6, 58, 58, 59; tourism project 61
capitalism 249
Catersource 161
Cerca de Ti (tv show) 110
Chan, Angela 113–22 see also i-Vision
Charme d’Orient 230–8; birth of 233–4; clients 234; competition and future risks 237; future 237–8; and hair removal 233–4; location of 235–6; marketing approach 236–7; origins 231–2; products 234; training of aestheticians 236
China: cable television industry 114, 118; dam construction 215; digitalization of cable television 117, 118; ethnic Koreans in 240–2, 245; and guanxi 115; mobile telecom market 119; and mobile television 119–21; see also i-Vision; Shokay
China Mobile Multimedia Broadcast (CMMB) 120–1
Chongming Island (China) 185–6
Chyau, Carol 182–93 see also Shokay
coffee industry (Brazil) 57–8, 59, 60 see also Shokay
CONADI (National Corporation of Indigenous Development) 17
Consejo Regulador de Talavera 141
Cortés, Laura 11–21, see also Jugaré
Dadá (Aldaci dos Santos) 77–92; background 77–8; building blocks for restaurant business 82–3; building a brand 85–6; and differentiation 85; early influences 81–2; first restaurant 83–4; growth aspirations 89–90; growth of restaurant business and opening of new restaurants 84–5, 89; impact of financial crisis (2007–2009) 90; lessons of over-expansion 87–8; management style 87–8, 88–9; profits made 89; restaurant business 78, 80–1; and self-fulfilment 90
Debayle, Martha 6, 105–12 see also bbmundo
Deetes, Pianporn 207–17 see also Living River Siam
destination management companies (DMCs) 93, 100
Deutsche Bank 31
Díaz, Hilda 11–21 see also Jugaré
Dionne, Aissa 5
discrimination 72, 255, 256–7, 268
diwaniya 150
Dourado (Brazil) 56
Drayton, Bill 208
ECHO Foundation 173, 174–5, 179, 180–1
economic development: contributions of women/women entrepreneurs to 3–4, 249–50, 251–3
economic dynamism 250
Egypt 126; see also Azza Fahmy
Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand (EGAT) 213
Endeavor 109
enterprise resource planning (ERP) 18
entrepreneurship 1–7, 249, 251–258
Escobosa, Alicia 158–69 see also Alicia Escobosa Banquetes
Esping-Andersen, Gøsta 252
Euromonitor International 60
Exim Bank 31
Fahmy, Azza 4, 125–35, see also Azza Fahmy
feminist theory 254
fertility 258
financial crisis (2007–2009) 90, 153–4; impact of on Alicia Escobosa 169; impact of on Global Investment House 153–4; impact of on hotel industry 223
Financial Leasing Act (2008) (Tanzania) 30
Fitch 154
Ford Motor Company 108
Francesconi, Louise 74
funding discrimination 5
GBF (Global Bridge Fund) 29, 31, 33
GBM Gruop Bursátil Mexicano 107
gender: as a challenge 103–4; impact of on entrepreneurship patterns 252, 253–7
Ghaly, Nabil 127
Al Gharaballi, Sameer A. 150
Al Ghunaim, Maha 147–57, see also Global Investment House
Global Investment House (Kuwait) 147–57; business strategy 151–3; downgrading of by Fitch 154; establishment and formation of management team 149–50; financial data 152; hiring women for leadership positions 150; impact of financial crisis 153–4; losses 154–5, 156; management team changes 155–6; restructuring of and changes in strategy 155–7; seminars for women 151; success and profits 147
Global Bridge Fund see GBF
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) 5, 258
Grameen Bank 182
Green Directory 50
Growth, Employment and Redistribution (GEAR) strategy (South Africa) 66
guanxi 115
Güvenç, Nejla 46–54 see also Nej
Hasbro 13
HIV/AIDS (Tanzania) 24
Huet, Marcela 11–21 see also Jugaré
hydroelectricity 213
i-Vision (China) 113–22; awards won 114; building of mobile Internet (Pocket TV) 121–2; challenges 118; evolution of 117–19; and guanxi 115; initial project with SOE 115; investment in by Gobi Partners 116–17; and iTV solution 118; market background 114–15; and mobile television 119–20; and Olympics (2008) 120
Imaginarium 14
imitators 243
India see Ocimum Biosolutions
International Day of Action for Rivers 209, 215
International Finance Corporation (IFC) 29, 37
Internet 101
Istanbul Textile and Apparel Exporters’ Union (ITKIB) 51
Jugaré (Mexico) 11–21; birth of idea 12–13; cost structure by product 18; design and production process 17–19; devising a strategy for growth 20; first steps 15–17; franchising option 20; quarterly income statement by store 16; success of 15; and toy industry in Mexico 13–15
Juguetes Nip 14
kaizen 228
Kasuri, Nasreen 5
Kikwete, Jakaya Mrisho 30
Kisyombe, Victoria 1, 22–34 see also SELFINA
Kkubana, Janet 6
Korean Autonomous Prefecture 239, 241, 242
Koreans: and hanbok 239, 242; living in China 240–2, 245
Kumar, Vinay 44
Kuwait: and diwaniya 150; see also Global Investment House
Kuwait Foreign Trade and Investment Company (KFTCIC) 148–9
Kuwait Investment Authority 153
Kuwait Stock Exchange 153, 154, 156
labor market, segregation of by gender 252
LabRed 109
liberal feminist theory 254
LIFE factors 139
Lious, Marie 183
Living River Siam (Thailand) 207–17; agenda 209–10; challenges of international water politics 212–16; collecting information on river ecosystems 211–12; headquarters 210, 210; and proposed Mekong river dam 207, 214, 215–16; and proposed Salween river dam 214–15; protecting rivers strategy 210–11; Thai Baan research 211–12, 214, 216
Macdonald, Julien 134
Magalhaes, Antonio Carlos 85
Mai10 (Argentina) 93–104; challenges 100–3; early development 94–7; economic problems faced by 101–3; expansion of 97–100; keys to success 100; and marketing 98; meaning of name 93; profits 100
Mattel 13
Mazumdar-Shaw, Kiram 6
Mekong River Commission 215, 215–16
Mexican Ministry of Culture 144
Mexico: catering industry 167 see also Alicia Escobosa Banquetes; recession 144; starting a business in by women 138; status of female occupations 138; toy industry in 13–15 see also Jugaré; Talavera de la Reyna
México Analítica 107
micro and small enterprises (MSEs) 250
mobile telecom market (China) 119
Monteiro, Maria Helena 55–62 see also Café Helena
Moreno, Angélica 136–46 see also Talavera de la Reyna
Mun River (Thailand) 211–12, 213
MWG 37
National Council of Arts and Culture 144
Naz y Rongo magazine 173–81; difficulty in getting financial support 178; funding and support from United States 177, 178–9; goal of 180; setting up 175–8
Nej (Turkey) 46–54; advantages of organic fabric 48; arrangement with organic fabric producers 50; beginnings 47; formation and birth of a brand 47–9, 48; funding 50–2; future of 53–4; marketing of brand 52–3; target customer 49
Nestlé SA 108
Ni Putes Ni Soumises 233
9/11 (2001) 103
Al Nouri, Anwar Abdullah 148, 150
Ocimum Biosolutions (India) 35–45; acquisition of MWG 37; and Biotracker 36–7, 38–9; branding and sales 40–1; corporate culture of 41–2; and databases 39; formation of 36–7; future 43–4; Gene Logic acquisition 38, 40; growth through acquisitions 37–8; impact of market crash (2008) on 40; iRNA Check product 37; and oligonucleotides business 39–40; personal-professional divide 43; products and services 38–40; Research as a Service (RaaS) 44
Olympic Games (Beijing) (2008) 119
Organic Exchange 50
organic fabrics 49–50 see also Nej
organic movement 47
Organic Trade Association 49, 50
Pak Mun dam (Thailand) 213
Pão de Açúcar 60
Pepper, David 156
Peru 194–5, 196; economic growth 194; see also Art Atlas
Pesticide Action Network (PAN): Global Report (2010) 49
pottery making 136, see also Talavera de la Reyna
PriceWaterhouseCooper 31
Quality Coffee Circle Program 58
Rapa Nui (Easter Island) 173–81 see also Naz y Ronga
Red Herring Magazine 44
Reddy, Kolanu 39
Roa, Isabel 5
Rodríguez, Jessica 194–206 see also Art Atlas
Sambo, Sibongile 4, 65–76 see also SRS Aviation
Sanchez, Carlos 94
Santos, Aldaci dos see Dadá
Schumpeter, Joseph: Capitalism, Socialism and Democracy 249; The Theory of Economic Development 249
SEBA (Sero Businesswomen Association) 26, 31
SEBRAE 60
self-selection 252, 254, 256, 258, 268
SELFINA (Tanzainia) 22–34; beginnings and laying of foundations 25–7; business structure 29–30; challenges and hopes for the future 33; expansion of 28–30, 33; feedback from clients 32; national and international recognition 30–1; operating environment 24–5; origin of idea 23–4; registering of 27–8; selection of clients 28; success of 28
Shokay (China) 182–93; employees 185, 186; and expatriate publications/ consulate newsletters 190–1; future 193; goal for 185; knitting ayis 185–7; marketing on a small budget 189–93; origins 183–4; setting up of Taikang Lu store 187–8, 188; in Shanghai 187–9; and Shanghai’s international schools 191; Sheraton Hongqiao store 188–9; Taikang Lu history tour 190; use of Twitter 191–2; ‘Yaks Around the World Campaign’ 192–3
Smith, Alan H. 151
social enterprise model 183, 185, see also Art Atlas; Shokay
social entrepreneurs 196, 208–9 see also Living River Siam
social feminist theory 254
socio-economic status: and women entrepreneurs 259–67
Songok Ryu 239–48; background 242–3; competitors and advertising 245; future plans 247–8; getting hanbok business started 242–5; organization and workflow of business 245–7; Paris show (2003) 244, 247; politics and government influence 247
Soto, Hernando de 251
South Africa 4, 66; aviation see SRS Aviation; Black Economic Empowerment Act (2003) 66, 67; Growth, Employment and Redistribution (GEAR) strategy 66; Reconstruction and Development Program 66
Southeast Asia Rivers Network (SEARIN) 209, 213
Spotlight Hotels 223
SRS Aviation (South Africa) 4, 65–76; background 66; challenges 70, 71–2; clientele 69; financial and human capital 69–72; finding a niche 68–9; formation 67–8; personal challenges 73
Sujatha, Dr. P. 36
Sultane de Saba 237
Sustainable Coffee in Brazil Program 58
Talavera de la Reyna (Mexico) 136–46; challenges to growth 143–4; exports 144; extrinsic factors 140–1; future 145; heresay as marketing force 143; impact of economic downturns 144; intrinsic factors in launching 139–40; issued with certificate of authenticity 140–1, 142; origin 136–8; workshop and its products 141–3, 142
Talavera Poblana 137
Tanzania: HIV/AIDS 24; income per capita 24; lending and leasing industry 24; obstacles to women setting up small enterprises 23; women and social fabric of 24–5; see also SELFINA
Tawfik, Aleya 130
Televisa 107
Temperos da Dadá 85
Thailand: dams 213–14; see also Living River Siam
Three Gorges Dam project (China) 212
toy industry: in Mexico 13–15 see also Jugaré
Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) 66
Turkey: organic apparel in see Nej; and organic production 50
Turquality 50
Tweetdeck 192
Twitpic 192
Twitter: use of by Shokay 191–2
United Nations Decade for Women (1975–1985) 3, 251
United States: pharmaceutical companies in 43
venture capitalists 116
Washington Consensus 250
Weber, Max 251
Westin Hotels 222
women: socio-economic status of 257
women entrepreneurs: barriers to 4, 5; contributions of to economic development 3–4, 249–50, 251–3; global statistics on prevalence of 257–8; LIFE factors 139; self-selection of into specific industries 252, 254, 256, 258, 268; and socio-economic status 259–67
women travelling alone (WTA) 228
World Bank 29, 37, 256; ‘Doing Business’ project 250–1, 257; World Development Indicators Report (2008) 24; World Development Indicators Report (2010) 257
‘Yaks Around the World Campaign’ 192–3
yaks/yak herders 183–4, 192 see also Shokay
Yedan 246
Young Presidents’ Organization (YPO) 96–7
Zamora, Annette 6, 173–81 see also Naz y Rongo
Zamora, Annette, starting ECHO Foundation 174–5
Zang people 183
Zappata Diseñadores 12
Zerroug, Sofiane 231, 234, 237
Zerroug, Yasmina 230–8 see also Charme d’Orient
Zhang, Professor He 190
Zhang, Viola 186