In addition to improving our decision-making and understanding our strength and weaknesses, we should be able to adapt to the unexpected. Imagine a car race, where you see individual vehicles go around the track, jockeying for position, and trying to win the race. With each lap, a car may make a move to pass if they see an opening between vehicles. In another moment, there may have been a crash where either you hit the vehicles involved or you get out of the way. All of these are examples of a set of circumstances that were not expected but created an opportunity to exploit.

How do we surprise our opponent if our job is to defend? Combining information about adversaries, their capabilities, and their intent as well as having a full understanding of our organization's capabilities and gaps provides us a view to possible threat vectors to our most coveted information. If we are able to estimate the path of least resistance, we may have a tactical advantage to reinforce known weak points in the architecture, process, or procedures.